Epidemiology of Bone-Stress Injuries and Health Care Use in Pac-12 Cross-Country Athletes
Bone-stress injury (BSI) is common in collegiate athletes. Injury rates and health care use in running athletes are not well documented. To describe the rate and classification of injury and associated health care use in collegiate cross-country runners with BSI. Descriptive epidemiology study. Spor...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of athletic training 2024-06, Vol.59 (6), p.641-648 |
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| creator | Wayner, Robert Aaron Brown Crowell, Cathleen N Bovbjerg, Viktor Federicson, Michael Soucy, Michael Choe, SeokJae Simon, Janet E |
| description | Bone-stress injury (BSI) is common in collegiate athletes. Injury rates and health care use in running athletes are not well documented.
To describe the rate and classification of injury and associated health care use in collegiate cross-country runners with BSI.
Descriptive epidemiology study.
Sports medicine facilities participating in the Pac-12 Health Analytics Program.
Pac-12 Conference collegiate cross-country athletes.
Counts of injury and health care resources used for each injury. Injury rates were calculated based on athlete-seasons.
A total of 168 BSIs were reported over 4 seasons from 80 team-seasons (34 men's and 46 women's team-seasons) and 1220 athlete-seasons, resulting in 1764 athletic training services and 117 physician encounters. Bone-stress injuries represented 20% of all injuries reported by cross-country athletes. The average BSI rate was 0.14 per athlete-season. Injury rates were higher in female (0.16) than male (0.10) athletes and higher in the 2019-2020 season (0.20) than the 2020-2021 (0.14), 2018-2019 (0.12), and 2021-2022 (0.10) seasons. Most BSIs occurred in the lower leg (23.8%) and the foot (23.8%). The majority of injuries were classified as overuse and time loss (72.6%) and accounted for most of the athletic training services (75.3%) and physician encounters (72.6%). We found a mean of 10.89 athletic training services per overuse and time-loss injury and 12.20 athletic training services per overuse and non-time-loss injury. Mean occurrence was lower for physician encounters (0.70), prescription medications (0.04), tests (0.75), procedures (0.01), and surgery (0.02) than for athletic training services (10.50).
Bone-stress injuries are common in collegiate cross-country runners and require considerable athletic training resources. Athletic trainers should be appropriately staffed for this population, and suspected BSIs should be confirmed with a medical diagnosis. Future investigators should track treatment codes associated with BSI to determine best-practice patterns. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.4085/1062-6050-0089.23 |
| format | Article |
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To describe the rate and classification of injury and associated health care use in collegiate cross-country runners with BSI.
Descriptive epidemiology study.
Sports medicine facilities participating in the Pac-12 Health Analytics Program.
Pac-12 Conference collegiate cross-country athletes.
Counts of injury and health care resources used for each injury. Injury rates were calculated based on athlete-seasons.
A total of 168 BSIs were reported over 4 seasons from 80 team-seasons (34 men's and 46 women's team-seasons) and 1220 athlete-seasons, resulting in 1764 athletic training services and 117 physician encounters. Bone-stress injuries represented 20% of all injuries reported by cross-country athletes. The average BSI rate was 0.14 per athlete-season. Injury rates were higher in female (0.16) than male (0.10) athletes and higher in the 2019-2020 season (0.20) than the 2020-2021 (0.14), 2018-2019 (0.12), and 2021-2022 (0.10) seasons. Most BSIs occurred in the lower leg (23.8%) and the foot (23.8%). The majority of injuries were classified as overuse and time loss (72.6%) and accounted for most of the athletic training services (75.3%) and physician encounters (72.6%). We found a mean of 10.89 athletic training services per overuse and time-loss injury and 12.20 athletic training services per overuse and non-time-loss injury. Mean occurrence was lower for physician encounters (0.70), prescription medications (0.04), tests (0.75), procedures (0.01), and surgery (0.02) than for athletic training services (10.50).
Bone-stress injuries are common in collegiate cross-country runners and require considerable athletic training resources. Athletic trainers should be appropriately staffed for this population, and suspected BSIs should be confirmed with a medical diagnosis. Future investigators should track treatment codes associated with BSI to determine best-practice patterns.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1062-6050</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1938-162X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1938-162X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-0089.23</identifier><identifier>PMID: 37459389</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: National Athletic Trainers Association</publisher><subject>Athletes ; Athletes - statistics & numerical data ; Athletic Injuries - epidemiology ; Epidemiology ; Female ; Fractures, Stress - epidemiology ; Humans ; Injuries ; Male ; Outcome Measures ; Physicians ; Running - injuries ; Running - statistics & numerical data ; Sports injuries ; Sports training ; United States - epidemiology ; Universities ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>Journal of athletic training, 2024-06, Vol.59 (6), p.641-648</ispartof><rights>by the National Athletic Trainers' Association, Inc.</rights><rights>Copyright National Athletic Trainers Association Jun 2024</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c259t-9e7474a8f630264e8d9b9534580d5f03037df1040d6b111811416b21cdbb2b933</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c259t-9e7474a8f630264e8d9b9534580d5f03037df1040d6b111811416b21cdbb2b933</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27922,27923</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37459389$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Wayner, Robert Aaron</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brown Crowell, Cathleen N</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bovbjerg, Viktor</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Federicson, Michael</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Soucy, Michael</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Choe, SeokJae</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Simon, Janet E</creatorcontrib><title>Epidemiology of Bone-Stress Injuries and Health Care Use in Pac-12 Cross-Country Athletes</title><title>Journal of athletic training</title><addtitle>J Athl Train</addtitle><description>Bone-stress injury (BSI) is common in collegiate athletes. Injury rates and health care use in running athletes are not well documented.
To describe the rate and classification of injury and associated health care use in collegiate cross-country runners with BSI.
Descriptive epidemiology study.
Sports medicine facilities participating in the Pac-12 Health Analytics Program.
Pac-12 Conference collegiate cross-country athletes.
Counts of injury and health care resources used for each injury. Injury rates were calculated based on athlete-seasons.
A total of 168 BSIs were reported over 4 seasons from 80 team-seasons (34 men's and 46 women's team-seasons) and 1220 athlete-seasons, resulting in 1764 athletic training services and 117 physician encounters. Bone-stress injuries represented 20% of all injuries reported by cross-country athletes. The average BSI rate was 0.14 per athlete-season. Injury rates were higher in female (0.16) than male (0.10) athletes and higher in the 2019-2020 season (0.20) than the 2020-2021 (0.14), 2018-2019 (0.12), and 2021-2022 (0.10) seasons. Most BSIs occurred in the lower leg (23.8%) and the foot (23.8%). The majority of injuries were classified as overuse and time loss (72.6%) and accounted for most of the athletic training services (75.3%) and physician encounters (72.6%). We found a mean of 10.89 athletic training services per overuse and time-loss injury and 12.20 athletic training services per overuse and non-time-loss injury. Mean occurrence was lower for physician encounters (0.70), prescription medications (0.04), tests (0.75), procedures (0.01), and surgery (0.02) than for athletic training services (10.50).
Bone-stress injuries are common in collegiate cross-country runners and require considerable athletic training resources. Athletic trainers should be appropriately staffed for this population, and suspected BSIs should be confirmed with a medical diagnosis. Future investigators should track treatment codes associated with BSI to determine best-practice patterns.</description><subject>Athletes</subject><subject>Athletes - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Athletic Injuries - epidemiology</subject><subject>Epidemiology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Fractures, Stress - epidemiology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Injuries</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Outcome Measures</subject><subject>Physicians</subject><subject>Running - injuries</subject><subject>Running - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Sports injuries</subject><subject>Sports training</subject><subject>United States - epidemiology</subject><subject>Universities</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>1062-6050</issn><issn>1938-162X</issn><issn>1938-162X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkE1LxDAQhoMorq7-AC8S8OIlOvlomxy1rB8gKOiCnkI_ptqlbdakPey_t2VXD55mYJ4Z3nkIOeNwpUBH1xxiwWKIgAFocyXkHjniRmrGY_G-P_a_8xk5DmEFwEVk4kMyk4mKRs4ckY_Fui6xrV3jPjfUVfTWdchee48h0MduNfgaA826kj5g1vRfNM080mVAWnf0JSsYFzT1LgSWuqHr_Ybe9F8N9hhOyEGVNQFPd3VOlneLt_SBPT3fP6Y3T6wYw_TMYKISlekqliBihbo0uYmkijSUUQUSZFJWHBSUcc4515wrHueCF2Wei9xIOSeX27tr774HDL1t61Bg02QduiFYoaURkYREj-jFP3TlBt-N6ew4F6CkFBPFt1Qx_eWxsmtft5nfWA528m4nr3byaifvVkwhzneXh7zF8m_jV7T8AbZWejA</recordid><startdate>20240601</startdate><enddate>20240601</enddate><creator>Wayner, Robert Aaron</creator><creator>Brown Crowell, Cathleen N</creator><creator>Bovbjerg, Viktor</creator><creator>Federicson, Michael</creator><creator>Soucy, Michael</creator><creator>Choe, SeokJae</creator><creator>Simon, Janet E</creator><general>National Athletic Trainers Association</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>0-V</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>4U-</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7TS</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88B</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88G</scope><scope>8A4</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ALSLI</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>CJNVE</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>K9-</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>M0P</scope><scope>M0R</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2M</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>PQEDU</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PSYQQ</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>S0X</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20240601</creationdate><title>Epidemiology of Bone-Stress Injuries and Health Care Use in Pac-12 Cross-Country Athletes</title><author>Wayner, Robert Aaron ; Brown Crowell, Cathleen N ; Bovbjerg, Viktor ; Federicson, Michael ; Soucy, Michael ; Choe, SeokJae ; Simon, Janet E</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c259t-9e7474a8f630264e8d9b9534580d5f03037df1040d6b111811416b21cdbb2b933</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2024</creationdate><topic>Athletes</topic><topic>Athletes - 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Academic</collection><jtitle>Journal of athletic training</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Wayner, Robert Aaron</au><au>Brown Crowell, Cathleen N</au><au>Bovbjerg, Viktor</au><au>Federicson, Michael</au><au>Soucy, Michael</au><au>Choe, SeokJae</au><au>Simon, Janet E</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Epidemiology of Bone-Stress Injuries and Health Care Use in Pac-12 Cross-Country Athletes</atitle><jtitle>Journal of athletic training</jtitle><addtitle>J Athl Train</addtitle><date>2024-06-01</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>59</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>641</spage><epage>648</epage><pages>641-648</pages><issn>1062-6050</issn><issn>1938-162X</issn><eissn>1938-162X</eissn><abstract>Bone-stress injury (BSI) is common in collegiate athletes. Injury rates and health care use in running athletes are not well documented.
To describe the rate and classification of injury and associated health care use in collegiate cross-country runners with BSI.
Descriptive epidemiology study.
Sports medicine facilities participating in the Pac-12 Health Analytics Program.
Pac-12 Conference collegiate cross-country athletes.
Counts of injury and health care resources used for each injury. Injury rates were calculated based on athlete-seasons.
A total of 168 BSIs were reported over 4 seasons from 80 team-seasons (34 men's and 46 women's team-seasons) and 1220 athlete-seasons, resulting in 1764 athletic training services and 117 physician encounters. Bone-stress injuries represented 20% of all injuries reported by cross-country athletes. The average BSI rate was 0.14 per athlete-season. Injury rates were higher in female (0.16) than male (0.10) athletes and higher in the 2019-2020 season (0.20) than the 2020-2021 (0.14), 2018-2019 (0.12), and 2021-2022 (0.10) seasons. Most BSIs occurred in the lower leg (23.8%) and the foot (23.8%). The majority of injuries were classified as overuse and time loss (72.6%) and accounted for most of the athletic training services (75.3%) and physician encounters (72.6%). We found a mean of 10.89 athletic training services per overuse and time-loss injury and 12.20 athletic training services per overuse and non-time-loss injury. Mean occurrence was lower for physician encounters (0.70), prescription medications (0.04), tests (0.75), procedures (0.01), and surgery (0.02) than for athletic training services (10.50).
Bone-stress injuries are common in collegiate cross-country runners and require considerable athletic training resources. Athletic trainers should be appropriately staffed for this population, and suspected BSIs should be confirmed with a medical diagnosis. Future investigators should track treatment codes associated with BSI to determine best-practice patterns.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>National Athletic Trainers Association</pub><pmid>37459389</pmid><doi>10.4085/1062-6050-0089.23</doi><tpages>8</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1062-6050 |
| ispartof | Journal of athletic training, 2024-06, Vol.59 (6), p.641-648 |
| issn | 1062-6050 1938-162X 1938-162X |
| language | eng |
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| source | MEDLINE; PubMed Central; Free E- Journals; EZB Electronic Journals Library |
| subjects | Athletes Athletes - statistics & numerical data Athletic Injuries - epidemiology Epidemiology Female Fractures, Stress - epidemiology Humans Injuries Male Outcome Measures Physicians Running - injuries Running - statistics & numerical data Sports injuries Sports training United States - epidemiology Universities Young Adult |
| title | Epidemiology of Bone-Stress Injuries and Health Care Use in Pac-12 Cross-Country Athletes |
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