Lead and arsenic contamination in henna samples marketed in Iran
Since ancient times, people around the world have used natural cosmetics to improve or change the appearance of their nails, skin, and hair. Henna is a plant-based dye that has been used over the centuries for medical and cosmetic purposes. The present work was aimed to investigate the presence of l...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Environmental monitoring and assessment 2023-08, Vol.195 (8), p.913-913, Article 913 |
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| creator | Rezaeian, Mohsen Mohamadi, Maryam Ahmadinia, Hassan Mohammadi, Hamidreza Ghaffarian-Bahraman, Ali |
| description | Since ancient times, people around the world have used natural cosmetics to improve or change the appearance of their nails, skin, and hair. Henna is a plant-based dye that has been used over the centuries for medical and cosmetic purposes. The present work was aimed to investigate the presence of lead (Pb) and arsenic (As) in various types of commonly consumed henna samples in Iran. A total of thirty-nine henna samples from both local and imported products (3 colors in 13 brands) were randomly collected from popular and herbal medicine markets. The atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) technique was used for the analysis of the samples. The amount of Pb and As in 100% samples was higher than the calculated limit of quantitation (LOQ). The concentrations of Pb and As in the samples were at the ranges of 9.56–16.94 μg/g and 0.25–1.12 μg/g, respectively. The mean level of Pb was higher in black and red products, compared with the green henna. The levels of Pb and As in 53.85% and 7.7% of the henna samples exceeded the permissible limits recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO), respectively. In addition, the mean levels of Pb and As contamination in the imported samples were significantly higher, in comparison to the local henna samples. To our knowledge, this is the first study assessing Pb and As contamination in the henna samples consumed in Iran. Our study demonstrated that there is a potential risk of exposure to Pb through henna in the Iranian consumers. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s10661-023-11532-y |
| format | Article |
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Henna is a plant-based dye that has been used over the centuries for medical and cosmetic purposes. The present work was aimed to investigate the presence of lead (Pb) and arsenic (As) in various types of commonly consumed henna samples in Iran. A total of thirty-nine henna samples from both local and imported products (3 colors in 13 brands) were randomly collected from popular and herbal medicine markets. The atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) technique was used for the analysis of the samples. The amount of Pb and As in 100% samples was higher than the calculated limit of quantitation (LOQ). The concentrations of Pb and As in the samples were at the ranges of 9.56–16.94 μg/g and 0.25–1.12 μg/g, respectively. The mean level of Pb was higher in black and red products, compared with the green henna. The levels of Pb and As in 53.85% and 7.7% of the henna samples exceeded the permissible limits recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO), respectively. In addition, the mean levels of Pb and As contamination in the imported samples were significantly higher, in comparison to the local henna samples. To our knowledge, this is the first study assessing Pb and As contamination in the henna samples consumed in Iran. Our study demonstrated that there is a potential risk of exposure to Pb through henna in the Iranian consumers.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0167-6369</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1573-2959</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11532-y</identifier><identifier>PMID: 37395865</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Cham: Springer International Publishing</publisher><subject>Absorption spectroscopy ; Arsenic ; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution ; Atomic absorption spectroscopy ; Contamination ; Cosmetics ; Dyes ; Earth and Environmental Science ; Ecology ; Ecotoxicology ; Environment ; Environmental Management ; Environmental monitoring ; Environmental science ; Food contamination & poisoning ; Herbal medicine ; Lawsonia inermis ; Lead ; Monitoring/Environmental Analysis ; Spectral analysis ; Spectrometry</subject><ispartof>Environmental monitoring and assessment, 2023-08, Vol.195 (8), p.913-913, Article 913</ispartof><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.</rights><rights>2023. 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Henna is a plant-based dye that has been used over the centuries for medical and cosmetic purposes. The present work was aimed to investigate the presence of lead (Pb) and arsenic (As) in various types of commonly consumed henna samples in Iran. A total of thirty-nine henna samples from both local and imported products (3 colors in 13 brands) were randomly collected from popular and herbal medicine markets. The atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) technique was used for the analysis of the samples. The amount of Pb and As in 100% samples was higher than the calculated limit of quantitation (LOQ). The concentrations of Pb and As in the samples were at the ranges of 9.56–16.94 μg/g and 0.25–1.12 μg/g, respectively. The mean level of Pb was higher in black and red products, compared with the green henna. The levels of Pb and As in 53.85% and 7.7% of the henna samples exceeded the permissible limits recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO), respectively. In addition, the mean levels of Pb and As contamination in the imported samples were significantly higher, in comparison to the local henna samples. To our knowledge, this is the first study assessing Pb and As contamination in the henna samples consumed in Iran. 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In addition, the mean levels of Pb and As contamination in the imported samples were significantly higher, in comparison to the local henna samples. To our knowledge, this is the first study assessing Pb and As contamination in the henna samples consumed in Iran. Our study demonstrated that there is a potential risk of exposure to Pb through henna in the Iranian consumers.</abstract><cop>Cham</cop><pub>Springer International Publishing</pub><pmid>37395865</pmid><doi>10.1007/s10661-023-11532-y</doi><tpages>1</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7010-1726</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6467-523X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1066-0291</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9937-4229</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3070-0166</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Absorption spectroscopy Arsenic Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution Atomic absorption spectroscopy Contamination Cosmetics Dyes Earth and Environmental Science Ecology Ecotoxicology Environment Environmental Management Environmental monitoring Environmental science Food contamination & poisoning Herbal medicine Lawsonia inermis Lead Monitoring/Environmental Analysis Spectral analysis Spectrometry |
| title | Lead and arsenic contamination in henna samples marketed in Iran |
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