Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and risk of incident young-onset hypertension: Effect modification by sex
Although nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and hypertension are increasingly common among young adults, it is uncertain if NAFLD affects incidence of young-onset hypertension, and if the association is modified by sex. We investigated potential effect modification by sex on the association be...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases, 2023-08, Vol.33 (8), p.1608-1616 |
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creator | Kim, Yejin Chang, Yoosoo Ryu, Seungho Park, Soyoung Cho, Yoosun Sohn, Won Kang, Jeonggyu Wild, Sarah H. Byrne, Christopher D. |
description | Although nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and hypertension are increasingly common among young adults, it is uncertain if NAFLD affects incidence of young-onset hypertension, and if the association is modified by sex. We investigated potential effect modification by sex on the association between NAFLD and incident hypertension in young adults ( |
doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.numecd.2023.04.021 |
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This cohort study comprised 85,789 women and 67,553 men aged <40 years without hypertension at baseline. Hepatic steatosis was assessed by liver ultrasound and classified as mild or moderate/severe. Hypertension was defined as blood pressure (BP) ≥130/80 mmHg; self-reported history of physician-diagnosed hypertension; or current use of BP-lowering medications. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs; 95% confidence intervals [CIs]) for incident hypertension by NAFLD status (median follow-up 4.5 years). A total of 25,891 participants developed incident hypertension (incidence rates per 103 person-years: 15.6 for women and 63.5 for men). Multivariable-adjusted HRs (95% CIs) for incident hypertension comparing no NAFLD (reference) with mild or moderate/severe NAFLD were 1.68 (1.56–1.80) and 1.83 (1.60–2.09) for women and 1.21 (1.17–1.25) and 1.23 (1.17–1.30) for men, respectively. Stronger associations were consistently observed between NAFLD and incident hypertension in women, regardless of obesity/central obesity (all p-values for interaction by sex <0.001).
NAFLD is a potential risk factor for young-onset hypertension with a relatively greater impact in women and in those with more severe hepatic steatosis.
[Display omitted]
•Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) increases risks of young-onset hypertension.•The association between NAFLD and young-onset hypertension was independent of obesity.•The presence of NAFLD attenuates protection against hypertension in young women.•Sex-specific multisystem consequences of NAFLD in younger people deserves more attention.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0939-4753</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1590-3729</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2023.04.021</identifier><identifier>PMID: 37357078</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Netherlands: Elsevier B.V</publisher><subject>Cohort Studies ; Cohort study ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension - diagnosis ; Hypertension - epidemiology ; Male ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease - diagnostic imaging ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease - epidemiology ; Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease ; Obesity ; Risk Factors ; Sex difference ; Sex dimorphism ; Young-onset hypertension</subject><ispartof>Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases, 2023-08, Vol.33 (8), p.1608-1616</ispartof><rights>2023 The Italian Diabetes Society, the Italian Society for the Study of Atherosclerosis, the Italian Society of Human Nutrition and the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University</rights><rights>Copyright © 2023 The Italian Diabetes Society, the Italian Society for the Study of Atherosclerosis, the Italian Society of Human Nutrition and the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c408t-2197b634f1d1618aba3221924a501eb95d28eece55e5c7f96885ffbbffeaf943</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c408t-2197b634f1d1618aba3221924a501eb95d28eece55e5c7f96885ffbbffeaf943</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-3284-2715 ; 0000-0001-6322-7753 ; 0000-0002-6945-9050</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2023.04.021$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,3550,27924,27925,45995</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37357078$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Kim, Yejin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chang, Yoosoo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ryu, Seungho</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Park, Soyoung</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cho, Yoosun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sohn, Won</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kang, Jeonggyu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wild, Sarah H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Byrne, Christopher D.</creatorcontrib><title>Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and risk of incident young-onset hypertension: Effect modification by sex</title><title>Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases</title><addtitle>Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis</addtitle><description>Although nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and hypertension are increasingly common among young adults, it is uncertain if NAFLD affects incidence of young-onset hypertension, and if the association is modified by sex. We investigated potential effect modification by sex on the association between NAFLD and incident hypertension in young adults (<40 years).
This cohort study comprised 85,789 women and 67,553 men aged <40 years without hypertension at baseline. Hepatic steatosis was assessed by liver ultrasound and classified as mild or moderate/severe. Hypertension was defined as blood pressure (BP) ≥130/80 mmHg; self-reported history of physician-diagnosed hypertension; or current use of BP-lowering medications. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs; 95% confidence intervals [CIs]) for incident hypertension by NAFLD status (median follow-up 4.5 years). A total of 25,891 participants developed incident hypertension (incidence rates per 103 person-years: 15.6 for women and 63.5 for men). Multivariable-adjusted HRs (95% CIs) for incident hypertension comparing no NAFLD (reference) with mild or moderate/severe NAFLD were 1.68 (1.56–1.80) and 1.83 (1.60–2.09) for women and 1.21 (1.17–1.25) and 1.23 (1.17–1.30) for men, respectively. Stronger associations were consistently observed between NAFLD and incident hypertension in women, regardless of obesity/central obesity (all p-values for interaction by sex <0.001).
NAFLD is a potential risk factor for young-onset hypertension with a relatively greater impact in women and in those with more severe hepatic steatosis.
[Display omitted]
•Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) increases risks of young-onset hypertension.•The association between NAFLD and young-onset hypertension was independent of obesity.•The presence of NAFLD attenuates protection against hypertension in young women.•Sex-specific multisystem consequences of NAFLD in younger people deserves more attention.</description><subject>Cohort Studies</subject><subject>Cohort study</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hypertension - diagnosis</subject><subject>Hypertension - epidemiology</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease - diagnostic imaging</subject><subject>Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease - epidemiology</subject><subject>Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease</subject><subject>Obesity</subject><subject>Risk Factors</subject><subject>Sex difference</subject><subject>Sex dimorphism</subject><subject>Young-onset hypertension</subject><issn>0939-4753</issn><issn>1590-3729</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kE1v1DAQhq0KRJfCP0DIRy4J_lwnHJBQ1RakCi69W449br0k9mI7Ffn3uNrCkdNIo-edV_Mg9I6SnhK6_3jo47qAdT0jjPdE9ITRM7SjciQdV2x8gXZk5GMnlOTn6HUpB0K4Ily8QudccamIGnbo8D1FM9v0kOZgsTe1bngOj5CxCwVMAWyiwzmUnzh5HKINDmLFW1rjfZdigYoftiPkCrGEFD_hK-_BVrwkF3ywprYlnjZc4Pcb9NKbucDb53mB7q6v7i6_drc_br5dfrntrCBD7Rgd1bTnwlNH93Qwk-Gs7ZgwklCYRunYAGBBSpBW-XE_DNL7aWq9xo-CX6APp7PHnH6tUKpeQrEwzyZCWotmAxsVEYTQhooTanMqJYPXxxwWkzdNiX6SrA_6JFk_SdZE6Ca5xd4_N6zTAu5f6K_VBnw-AdDefAyQdbEBogUXcpOjXQr_b_gDMayRig</recordid><startdate>202308</startdate><enddate>202308</enddate><creator>Kim, Yejin</creator><creator>Chang, Yoosoo</creator><creator>Ryu, Seungho</creator><creator>Park, Soyoung</creator><creator>Cho, Yoosun</creator><creator>Sohn, Won</creator><creator>Kang, Jeonggyu</creator><creator>Wild, Sarah H.</creator><creator>Byrne, Christopher D.</creator><general>Elsevier B.V</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3284-2715</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6322-7753</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6945-9050</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>202308</creationdate><title>Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and risk of incident young-onset hypertension: Effect modification by sex</title><author>Kim, Yejin ; Chang, Yoosoo ; Ryu, Seungho ; Park, Soyoung ; Cho, Yoosun ; Sohn, Won ; Kang, Jeonggyu ; Wild, Sarah H. ; Byrne, Christopher D.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c408t-2197b634f1d1618aba3221924a501eb95d28eece55e5c7f96885ffbbffeaf943</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>Cohort Studies</topic><topic>Cohort study</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Hypertension - diagnosis</topic><topic>Hypertension - epidemiology</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease - diagnostic imaging</topic><topic>Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease - epidemiology</topic><topic>Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease</topic><topic>Obesity</topic><topic>Risk Factors</topic><topic>Sex difference</topic><topic>Sex dimorphism</topic><topic>Young-onset hypertension</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Kim, Yejin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chang, Yoosoo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ryu, Seungho</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Park, Soyoung</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cho, Yoosun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sohn, Won</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kang, Jeonggyu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wild, Sarah H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Byrne, Christopher D.</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Kim, Yejin</au><au>Chang, Yoosoo</au><au>Ryu, Seungho</au><au>Park, Soyoung</au><au>Cho, Yoosun</au><au>Sohn, Won</au><au>Kang, Jeonggyu</au><au>Wild, Sarah H.</au><au>Byrne, Christopher D.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and risk of incident young-onset hypertension: Effect modification by sex</atitle><jtitle>Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases</jtitle><addtitle>Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis</addtitle><date>2023-08</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>33</volume><issue>8</issue><spage>1608</spage><epage>1616</epage><pages>1608-1616</pages><issn>0939-4753</issn><eissn>1590-3729</eissn><abstract>Although nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and hypertension are increasingly common among young adults, it is uncertain if NAFLD affects incidence of young-onset hypertension, and if the association is modified by sex. We investigated potential effect modification by sex on the association between NAFLD and incident hypertension in young adults (<40 years).
This cohort study comprised 85,789 women and 67,553 men aged <40 years without hypertension at baseline. Hepatic steatosis was assessed by liver ultrasound and classified as mild or moderate/severe. Hypertension was defined as blood pressure (BP) ≥130/80 mmHg; self-reported history of physician-diagnosed hypertension; or current use of BP-lowering medications. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs; 95% confidence intervals [CIs]) for incident hypertension by NAFLD status (median follow-up 4.5 years). A total of 25,891 participants developed incident hypertension (incidence rates per 103 person-years: 15.6 for women and 63.5 for men). Multivariable-adjusted HRs (95% CIs) for incident hypertension comparing no NAFLD (reference) with mild or moderate/severe NAFLD were 1.68 (1.56–1.80) and 1.83 (1.60–2.09) for women and 1.21 (1.17–1.25) and 1.23 (1.17–1.30) for men, respectively. Stronger associations were consistently observed between NAFLD and incident hypertension in women, regardless of obesity/central obesity (all p-values for interaction by sex <0.001).
NAFLD is a potential risk factor for young-onset hypertension with a relatively greater impact in women and in those with more severe hepatic steatosis.
[Display omitted]
•Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) increases risks of young-onset hypertension.•The association between NAFLD and young-onset hypertension was independent of obesity.•The presence of NAFLD attenuates protection against hypertension in young women.•Sex-specific multisystem consequences of NAFLD in younger people deserves more attention.</abstract><cop>Netherlands</cop><pub>Elsevier B.V</pub><pmid>37357078</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.numecd.2023.04.021</doi><tpages>9</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3284-2715</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6322-7753</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6945-9050</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Cohort Studies Cohort study Female Humans Hypertension - diagnosis Hypertension - epidemiology Male Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease - diagnostic imaging Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease - epidemiology Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Obesity Risk Factors Sex difference Sex dimorphism Young-onset hypertension |
title | Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and risk of incident young-onset hypertension: Effect modification by sex |
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