Assessing the impact of urbanization on groundwater quality of lahore region, Pakistan
Land use land cover (LULC) dynamics is an important aspect of environmental studies. Lahore is one of the wide-ranging urban cities in the world experiencing rapid development in the form of unplanned urban growth and industrialization, which leads to many adverse consequences. This research focuses...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | Environmental science and pollution research international 2023-07, Vol.30 (35), p.83929-83949 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , , |
| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | eng |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| container_end_page | 83949 |
|---|---|
| container_issue | 35 |
| container_start_page | 83929 |
| container_title | Environmental science and pollution research international |
| container_volume | 30 |
| creator | Ismail, Sadia Ahmed, Muhammad Farooq Bakar, Muhammad Zubair Abu |
| description | Land use land cover (LULC) dynamics is an important aspect of environmental studies. Lahore is one of the wide-ranging urban cities in the world experiencing rapid development in the form of unplanned urban growth and industrialization, which leads to many adverse consequences. This research focuses on the study of spatio-temporal variability of urbanization and its impact on the water quality index (WQI) in Lahore city using remote sensing (RS) and geographical information systems (GIS). Landsat images (Landsat 7 ETM
+
, Landsat 8 OLI) between 2005 to 2021 were used to observe the changes in urban growth over seventeen years. GIS is used to create the LULC, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and normalized difference built-up index (NDBI) maps, to study the urbanization impact on the WQI. The results of this study indicate that the groundwater quality of metropolitan Lahore city has significantly dropped within 17 years. The extent of the built-up area has been expanded from 22.4% to 953.04% with an increase in the poor WQI area from 1.95% to 37.89%, reveals a general decline in groundwater quality with urbanization. Indeed, the trends observed by the linear regression modelling showed a positive and negative correlation (R
2
= 0.67 and -0.74) of WQI with % of urban and vegetation areas respectively. GIS and RS tools have been found effective in assessing spatio-temporal phenomena of urbanization and its impact on groundwater quality. Furthermore, this research would be very helpful in making decisions for managing groundwater resources and illegal urban expansion in Lahore city. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s11356-023-28400-4 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_2829431690</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>3153180749</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c408t-3634b4a5f855caef0eb21f7cd301b3e4f3058eec963cd8edafb55ad51999cce73</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqFkU1LxDAQhoMo7rr6BzxIwYsHq5MmaZvjsvgFgh7Ua0jTae3abXeTFtFfb9b6hQeFgQzked9h5iVkn8IJBUhOHaVMxCFELIxSDhDyDTKmMeVhwqXc_NGPyI5zc4AIZJRskxFLmKAJT8bkYeocOlc1ZdA9YlAtltp0QVsEvc10U73qrmqbwFdp277Jn3WHNlj1uq66lzVW68fWYmCx9NxxcKufKtfpZpdsFbp2uPfxTsj9-dnd7DK8vrm4mk2vQ8Mh7UIWM55xLYpUCKOxAMwiWiQmZ0AzhrxgIFJEI2Nm8hRzXWRC6FxQKaUxmLAJORp8l7Zd9eg6taicwbrWDba9U4wKRlPwN_gXjdJIckZjCR49_IXO2942fhH1fugUZLyeHQ2Usa1zFgu1tNVC2xdFQa0DUkNAygc06BT3ooMP6z5bYP4l-UzEA2wAnP9qSrTfs_-wfQNfs5uv</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2840080967</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Assessing the impact of urbanization on groundwater quality of lahore region, Pakistan</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings</source><creator>Ismail, Sadia ; Ahmed, Muhammad Farooq ; Bakar, Muhammad Zubair Abu</creator><creatorcontrib>Ismail, Sadia ; Ahmed, Muhammad Farooq ; Bakar, Muhammad Zubair Abu</creatorcontrib><description>Land use land cover (LULC) dynamics is an important aspect of environmental studies. Lahore is one of the wide-ranging urban cities in the world experiencing rapid development in the form of unplanned urban growth and industrialization, which leads to many adverse consequences. This research focuses on the study of spatio-temporal variability of urbanization and its impact on the water quality index (WQI) in Lahore city using remote sensing (RS) and geographical information systems (GIS). Landsat images (Landsat 7 ETM
+
, Landsat 8 OLI) between 2005 to 2021 were used to observe the changes in urban growth over seventeen years. GIS is used to create the LULC, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and normalized difference built-up index (NDBI) maps, to study the urbanization impact on the WQI. The results of this study indicate that the groundwater quality of metropolitan Lahore city has significantly dropped within 17 years. The extent of the built-up area has been expanded from 22.4% to 953.04% with an increase in the poor WQI area from 1.95% to 37.89%, reveals a general decline in groundwater quality with urbanization. Indeed, the trends observed by the linear regression modelling showed a positive and negative correlation (R
2
= 0.67 and -0.74) of WQI with % of urban and vegetation areas respectively. GIS and RS tools have been found effective in assessing spatio-temporal phenomena of urbanization and its impact on groundwater quality. Furthermore, this research would be very helpful in making decisions for managing groundwater resources and illegal urban expansion in Lahore city.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1614-7499</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 0944-1344</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1614-7499</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28400-4</identifier><identifier>PMID: 37351747</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher><subject>Aquatic Pollution ; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution ; Cities ; Earth and Environmental Science ; Ecotoxicology ; Environment ; Environmental Chemistry ; Environmental Health ; Environmental Monitoring - methods ; Environmental science ; Environmental studies ; Geographic Information Systems ; Groundwater ; Groundwater quality ; industrialization ; Land cover ; Land use ; land use and land cover maps ; Landsat ; Normalized difference vegetative index ; Pakistan ; regression analysis ; Remote sensing ; Research Article ; Satellite imagery ; spatial data ; Urban development ; Urban sprawl ; Urbanization ; Vegetation ; vegetation index ; Waste Water Technology ; Water Management ; Water Pollution Control ; Water quality ; Water resources</subject><ispartof>Environmental science and pollution research international, 2023-07, Vol.30 (35), p.83929-83949</ispartof><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.</rights><rights>2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c408t-3634b4a5f855caef0eb21f7cd301b3e4f3058eec963cd8edafb55ad51999cce73</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c408t-3634b4a5f855caef0eb21f7cd301b3e4f3058eec963cd8edafb55ad51999cce73</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-3045-9376</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11356-023-28400-4$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11356-023-28400-4$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27915,27916,41479,42548,51310</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37351747$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Ismail, Sadia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ahmed, Muhammad Farooq</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bakar, Muhammad Zubair Abu</creatorcontrib><title>Assessing the impact of urbanization on groundwater quality of lahore region, Pakistan</title><title>Environmental science and pollution research international</title><addtitle>Environ Sci Pollut Res</addtitle><addtitle>Environ Sci Pollut Res Int</addtitle><description>Land use land cover (LULC) dynamics is an important aspect of environmental studies. Lahore is one of the wide-ranging urban cities in the world experiencing rapid development in the form of unplanned urban growth and industrialization, which leads to many adverse consequences. This research focuses on the study of spatio-temporal variability of urbanization and its impact on the water quality index (WQI) in Lahore city using remote sensing (RS) and geographical information systems (GIS). Landsat images (Landsat 7 ETM
+
, Landsat 8 OLI) between 2005 to 2021 were used to observe the changes in urban growth over seventeen years. GIS is used to create the LULC, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and normalized difference built-up index (NDBI) maps, to study the urbanization impact on the WQI. The results of this study indicate that the groundwater quality of metropolitan Lahore city has significantly dropped within 17 years. The extent of the built-up area has been expanded from 22.4% to 953.04% with an increase in the poor WQI area from 1.95% to 37.89%, reveals a general decline in groundwater quality with urbanization. Indeed, the trends observed by the linear regression modelling showed a positive and negative correlation (R
2
= 0.67 and -0.74) of WQI with % of urban and vegetation areas respectively. GIS and RS tools have been found effective in assessing spatio-temporal phenomena of urbanization and its impact on groundwater quality. Furthermore, this research would be very helpful in making decisions for managing groundwater resources and illegal urban expansion in Lahore city.</description><subject>Aquatic Pollution</subject><subject>Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution</subject><subject>Cities</subject><subject>Earth and Environmental Science</subject><subject>Ecotoxicology</subject><subject>Environment</subject><subject>Environmental Chemistry</subject><subject>Environmental Health</subject><subject>Environmental Monitoring - methods</subject><subject>Environmental science</subject><subject>Environmental studies</subject><subject>Geographic Information Systems</subject><subject>Groundwater</subject><subject>Groundwater quality</subject><subject>industrialization</subject><subject>Land cover</subject><subject>Land use</subject><subject>land use and land cover maps</subject><subject>Landsat</subject><subject>Normalized difference vegetative index</subject><subject>Pakistan</subject><subject>regression analysis</subject><subject>Remote sensing</subject><subject>Research Article</subject><subject>Satellite imagery</subject><subject>spatial data</subject><subject>Urban development</subject><subject>Urban sprawl</subject><subject>Urbanization</subject><subject>Vegetation</subject><subject>vegetation index</subject><subject>Waste Water Technology</subject><subject>Water Management</subject><subject>Water Pollution Control</subject><subject>Water quality</subject><subject>Water resources</subject><issn>1614-7499</issn><issn>0944-1344</issn><issn>1614-7499</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkU1LxDAQhoMo7rr6BzxIwYsHq5MmaZvjsvgFgh7Ua0jTae3abXeTFtFfb9b6hQeFgQzked9h5iVkn8IJBUhOHaVMxCFELIxSDhDyDTKmMeVhwqXc_NGPyI5zc4AIZJRskxFLmKAJT8bkYeocOlc1ZdA9YlAtltp0QVsEvc10U73qrmqbwFdp277Jn3WHNlj1uq66lzVW68fWYmCx9NxxcKufKtfpZpdsFbp2uPfxTsj9-dnd7DK8vrm4mk2vQ8Mh7UIWM55xLYpUCKOxAMwiWiQmZ0AzhrxgIFJEI2Nm8hRzXWRC6FxQKaUxmLAJORp8l7Zd9eg6taicwbrWDba9U4wKRlPwN_gXjdJIckZjCR49_IXO2942fhH1fugUZLyeHQ2Usa1zFgu1tNVC2xdFQa0DUkNAygc06BT3ooMP6z5bYP4l-UzEA2wAnP9qSrTfs_-wfQNfs5uv</recordid><startdate>20230701</startdate><enddate>20230701</enddate><creator>Ismail, Sadia</creator><creator>Ahmed, Muhammad Farooq</creator><creator>Bakar, Muhammad Zubair Abu</creator><general>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7TV</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>7WY</scope><scope>7WZ</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>87Z</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8FL</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BEZIV</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FRNLG</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>F~G</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K60</scope><scope>K6~</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>L.-</scope><scope>M0C</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PQBIZ</scope><scope>PQBZA</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7S9</scope><scope>L.6</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3045-9376</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20230701</creationdate><title>Assessing the impact of urbanization on groundwater quality of lahore region, Pakistan</title><author>Ismail, Sadia ; Ahmed, Muhammad Farooq ; Bakar, Muhammad Zubair Abu</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c408t-3634b4a5f855caef0eb21f7cd301b3e4f3058eec963cd8edafb55ad51999cce73</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>Aquatic Pollution</topic><topic>Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution</topic><topic>Cities</topic><topic>Earth and Environmental Science</topic><topic>Ecotoxicology</topic><topic>Environment</topic><topic>Environmental Chemistry</topic><topic>Environmental Health</topic><topic>Environmental Monitoring - methods</topic><topic>Environmental science</topic><topic>Environmental studies</topic><topic>Geographic Information Systems</topic><topic>Groundwater</topic><topic>Groundwater quality</topic><topic>industrialization</topic><topic>Land cover</topic><topic>Land use</topic><topic>land use and land cover maps</topic><topic>Landsat</topic><topic>Normalized difference vegetative index</topic><topic>Pakistan</topic><topic>regression analysis</topic><topic>Remote sensing</topic><topic>Research Article</topic><topic>Satellite imagery</topic><topic>spatial data</topic><topic>Urban development</topic><topic>Urban sprawl</topic><topic>Urbanization</topic><topic>Vegetation</topic><topic>vegetation index</topic><topic>Waste Water Technology</topic><topic>Water Management</topic><topic>Water Pollution Control</topic><topic>Water quality</topic><topic>Water resources</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Ismail, Sadia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ahmed, Muhammad Farooq</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bakar, Muhammad Zubair Abu</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Pollution Abstracts</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Collection</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Global (PDF only)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Global (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Science Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Business Premium Collection</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection (ProQuest)</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Business Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Global (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Business Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Business Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Professional Advanced</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Global</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Science Database</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Business</collection><collection>ProQuest One Business (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>AGRICOLA</collection><collection>AGRICOLA - Academic</collection><jtitle>Environmental science and pollution research international</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Ismail, Sadia</au><au>Ahmed, Muhammad Farooq</au><au>Bakar, Muhammad Zubair Abu</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Assessing the impact of urbanization on groundwater quality of lahore region, Pakistan</atitle><jtitle>Environmental science and pollution research international</jtitle><stitle>Environ Sci Pollut Res</stitle><addtitle>Environ Sci Pollut Res Int</addtitle><date>2023-07-01</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>30</volume><issue>35</issue><spage>83929</spage><epage>83949</epage><pages>83929-83949</pages><issn>1614-7499</issn><issn>0944-1344</issn><eissn>1614-7499</eissn><abstract>Land use land cover (LULC) dynamics is an important aspect of environmental studies. Lahore is one of the wide-ranging urban cities in the world experiencing rapid development in the form of unplanned urban growth and industrialization, which leads to many adverse consequences. This research focuses on the study of spatio-temporal variability of urbanization and its impact on the water quality index (WQI) in Lahore city using remote sensing (RS) and geographical information systems (GIS). Landsat images (Landsat 7 ETM
+
, Landsat 8 OLI) between 2005 to 2021 were used to observe the changes in urban growth over seventeen years. GIS is used to create the LULC, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and normalized difference built-up index (NDBI) maps, to study the urbanization impact on the WQI. The results of this study indicate that the groundwater quality of metropolitan Lahore city has significantly dropped within 17 years. The extent of the built-up area has been expanded from 22.4% to 953.04% with an increase in the poor WQI area from 1.95% to 37.89%, reveals a general decline in groundwater quality with urbanization. Indeed, the trends observed by the linear regression modelling showed a positive and negative correlation (R
2
= 0.67 and -0.74) of WQI with % of urban and vegetation areas respectively. GIS and RS tools have been found effective in assessing spatio-temporal phenomena of urbanization and its impact on groundwater quality. Furthermore, this research would be very helpful in making decisions for managing groundwater resources and illegal urban expansion in Lahore city.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</pub><pmid>37351747</pmid><doi>10.1007/s11356-023-28400-4</doi><tpages>21</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3045-9376</orcidid></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1614-7499 |
| ispartof | Environmental science and pollution research international, 2023-07, Vol.30 (35), p.83929-83949 |
| issn | 1614-7499 0944-1344 1614-7499 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_2829431690 |
| source | MEDLINE; SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings |
| subjects | Aquatic Pollution Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution Cities Earth and Environmental Science Ecotoxicology Environment Environmental Chemistry Environmental Health Environmental Monitoring - methods Environmental science Environmental studies Geographic Information Systems Groundwater Groundwater quality industrialization Land cover Land use land use and land cover maps Landsat Normalized difference vegetative index Pakistan regression analysis Remote sensing Research Article Satellite imagery spatial data Urban development Urban sprawl Urbanization Vegetation vegetation index Waste Water Technology Water Management Water Pollution Control Water quality Water resources |
| title | Assessing the impact of urbanization on groundwater quality of lahore region, Pakistan |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-15T01%3A37%3A52IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_cross&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Assessing%20the%20impact%20of%20urbanization%20on%20groundwater%20quality%20of%20lahore%20region,%20Pakistan&rft.jtitle=Environmental%20science%20and%20pollution%20research%20international&rft.au=Ismail,%20Sadia&rft.date=2023-07-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=35&rft.spage=83929&rft.epage=83949&rft.pages=83929-83949&rft.issn=1614-7499&rft.eissn=1614-7499&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007/s11356-023-28400-4&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_cross%3E3153180749%3C/proquest_cross%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2840080967&rft_id=info:pmid/37351747&rfr_iscdi=true |