Self-Templated Formation of Carbon Nanotubes Interpenetrating Ordered Microporous Carbon Nanospheres for High-Performance Li–S Batteries

Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries are known as a prospective new generation of battery systems owing to their high energy density, low cost, non-toxicity, and environmental friendliness. Nevertheless, several issues remain in the practical application of Li–S batteries, such as low sulfur usage, poor rate performance, and poor cycle stability. Ordered microporous carbon materials and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) can effectively limit the diffusion of polysulfides (LiPSs) and have high electrical conductivity, respectively. Here, inspired by the evaporation of zinc at high temperatures, we constructed CNTs interpenetrating ordered microporous carbon nanospheres (CNTs/OMC NSs) by high-temperature calcination and used them as a sulfur host material. With the benefit from the excellent electrical conductivity of CNTs and OMC achieving uniform sulfur dispersion and effectively limiting LiPS dissolution, the S@CNTs/OMC NS cathodes show outstanding cycling stability (initial discharge capacity of 879 mAh g–1 at 0.5 C, maintained at 629 mAh g–1 for 500 cycles) and excellent rate performance (521 mAh g–1 at 5.0 C). Furthermore, the current study can serve as a significant reference for the synthesis of CNTs that interpenetrate various materials.