Liquid metal for high-entropy alloy nanoparticles synthesis
High-entropy alloy nanoparticles (HEA-NPs) show great potential as functional materials 1 – 3 . However, thus far, the realized high-entropy alloys have been restricted to palettes of similar elements, which greatly hinders the material design, property optimization and mechanistic exploration for d...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Nature (London) 2023-07, Vol.619 (7968), p.73-77 |
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| creator | Cao, Guanghui Liang, Jingjing Guo, Zenglong Yang, Kena Wang, Gang Wang, Huiliu Wan, Xuhao Li, Zeyuan Bai, Yijia Zhang, Yile Liu, Junlin Feng, Yanpeng Zheng, Zhenying Lu, Cai He, Guangzhi Xiong, Zeyou Liu, Ze Chen, Shengli Guo, Yuzheng Zeng, Mengqi Lin, Junhao Fu, Lei |
| description | High-entropy alloy nanoparticles (HEA-NPs) show great potential as functional materials
1
–
3
. However, thus far, the realized high-entropy alloys have been restricted to palettes of similar elements, which greatly hinders the material design, property optimization and mechanistic exploration for different applications
4
,
5
. Herein, we discovered that liquid metal endowing negative mixing enthalpy with other elements could provide a stable thermodynamic condition and act as a desirable dynamic mixing reservoir, thus realizing the synthesis of HEA-NPs with a diverse range of metal elements in mild reaction conditions. The involved elements have a wide range of atomic radii (1.24–1.97 Å) and melting points (303–3,683 K). We also realized the precisely fabricated structures of nanoparticles via mixing enthalpy tuning. Moreover, the real-time conversion process (that is, from liquid metal to crystalline HEA-NPs) is captured in situ, which confirmed a dynamic fission–fusion behaviour during the alloying process.
We discovered that liquid metal endowing negative mixing enthalpy with other elements could provide a stable thermodynamic condition and act as a desirable dynamic mixing reservoir, realizing the synthesis of high-entropy alloy nanoparticles. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1038/s41586-023-06082-9 |
| format | Article |
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1
–
3
. However, thus far, the realized high-entropy alloys have been restricted to palettes of similar elements, which greatly hinders the material design, property optimization and mechanistic exploration for different applications
4
,
5
. Herein, we discovered that liquid metal endowing negative mixing enthalpy with other elements could provide a stable thermodynamic condition and act as a desirable dynamic mixing reservoir, thus realizing the synthesis of HEA-NPs with a diverse range of metal elements in mild reaction conditions. The involved elements have a wide range of atomic radii (1.24–1.97 Å) and melting points (303–3,683 K). We also realized the precisely fabricated structures of nanoparticles via mixing enthalpy tuning. Moreover, the real-time conversion process (that is, from liquid metal to crystalline HEA-NPs) is captured in situ, which confirmed a dynamic fission–fusion behaviour during the alloying process.
We discovered that liquid metal endowing negative mixing enthalpy with other elements could provide a stable thermodynamic condition and act as a desirable dynamic mixing reservoir, realizing the synthesis of high-entropy alloy nanoparticles.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0028-0836</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1476-4687</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06082-9</identifier><identifier>PMID: 37316660</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>London: Nature Publishing Group UK</publisher><subject>119/118 ; 639/301/357/354 ; 639/925/357/551 ; Alloying ; Alloys ; Atomic radius ; Casting ; Design optimization ; Enthalpy ; Entropy ; High entropy alloys ; Humanities and Social Sciences ; Liquid metals ; Melting point ; Melting points ; Metals ; multidisciplinary ; Nanoalloys ; Nanoparticles ; Science ; Science (multidisciplinary) ; Solid solutions ; Synthesis ; Transmission electron microscopy</subject><ispartof>Nature (London), 2023-07, Vol.619 (7968), p.73-77</ispartof><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.</rights><rights>2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.</rights><rights>Copyright Nature Publishing Group Jul 6, 2023</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-98a9efee93698ef6b27cf7cfb1b5a7ac0823b7a1e3b80952297ebce8b1327a563</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-98a9efee93698ef6b27cf7cfb1b5a7ac0823b7a1e3b80952297ebce8b1327a563</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-1442-052X ; 0000-0003-1356-4422 ; 0000-0002-9906-5351 ; 0000-0001-9224-3816 ; 0000-0002-2195-2823 ; 0000-0003-1058-4719 ; 0000-0001-7448-8860</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1038/s41586-023-06082-9$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1038/s41586-023-06082-9$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902,41464,42533,51294</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37316660$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Cao, Guanghui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liang, Jingjing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Guo, Zenglong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yang, Kena</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Gang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Huiliu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wan, Xuhao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Zeyuan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bai, Yijia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Yile</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Junlin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Feng, Yanpeng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zheng, Zhenying</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lu, Cai</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>He, Guangzhi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xiong, Zeyou</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Ze</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Shengli</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Guo, Yuzheng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zeng, Mengqi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lin, Junhao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fu, Lei</creatorcontrib><title>Liquid metal for high-entropy alloy nanoparticles synthesis</title><title>Nature (London)</title><addtitle>Nature</addtitle><addtitle>Nature</addtitle><description>High-entropy alloy nanoparticles (HEA-NPs) show great potential as functional materials
1
–
3
. However, thus far, the realized high-entropy alloys have been restricted to palettes of similar elements, which greatly hinders the material design, property optimization and mechanistic exploration for different applications
4
,
5
. Herein, we discovered that liquid metal endowing negative mixing enthalpy with other elements could provide a stable thermodynamic condition and act as a desirable dynamic mixing reservoir, thus realizing the synthesis of HEA-NPs with a diverse range of metal elements in mild reaction conditions. The involved elements have a wide range of atomic radii (1.24–1.97 Å) and melting points (303–3,683 K). We also realized the precisely fabricated structures of nanoparticles via mixing enthalpy tuning. Moreover, the real-time conversion process (that is, from liquid metal to crystalline HEA-NPs) is captured in situ, which confirmed a dynamic fission–fusion behaviour during the alloying process.
We discovered that liquid metal endowing negative mixing enthalpy with other elements could provide a stable thermodynamic condition and act as a desirable dynamic mixing reservoir, realizing the synthesis of high-entropy alloy nanoparticles.</description><subject>119/118</subject><subject>639/301/357/354</subject><subject>639/925/357/551</subject><subject>Alloying</subject><subject>Alloys</subject><subject>Atomic radius</subject><subject>Casting</subject><subject>Design optimization</subject><subject>Enthalpy</subject><subject>Entropy</subject><subject>High entropy alloys</subject><subject>Humanities and Social Sciences</subject><subject>Liquid metals</subject><subject>Melting point</subject><subject>Melting points</subject><subject>Metals</subject><subject>multidisciplinary</subject><subject>Nanoalloys</subject><subject>Nanoparticles</subject><subject>Science</subject><subject>Science (multidisciplinary)</subject><subject>Solid 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Sciences</topic><topic>Liquid metals</topic><topic>Melting point</topic><topic>Melting points</topic><topic>Metals</topic><topic>multidisciplinary</topic><topic>Nanoalloys</topic><topic>Nanoparticles</topic><topic>Science</topic><topic>Science (multidisciplinary)</topic><topic>Solid solutions</topic><topic>Synthesis</topic><topic>Transmission electron microscopy</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Cao, Guanghui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liang, Jingjing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Guo, Zenglong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yang, Kena</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Gang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Huiliu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wan, Xuhao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Zeyuan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bai, Yijia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Yile</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Junlin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Feng, Yanpeng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zheng, 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Gang</au><au>Wang, Huiliu</au><au>Wan, Xuhao</au><au>Li, Zeyuan</au><au>Bai, Yijia</au><au>Zhang, Yile</au><au>Liu, Junlin</au><au>Feng, Yanpeng</au><au>Zheng, Zhenying</au><au>Lu, Cai</au><au>He, Guangzhi</au><au>Xiong, Zeyou</au><au>Liu, Ze</au><au>Chen, Shengli</au><au>Guo, Yuzheng</au><au>Zeng, Mengqi</au><au>Lin, Junhao</au><au>Fu, Lei</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Liquid metal for high-entropy alloy nanoparticles synthesis</atitle><jtitle>Nature (London)</jtitle><stitle>Nature</stitle><addtitle>Nature</addtitle><date>2023-07-06</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>619</volume><issue>7968</issue><spage>73</spage><epage>77</epage><pages>73-77</pages><issn>0028-0836</issn><eissn>1476-4687</eissn><abstract>High-entropy alloy nanoparticles (HEA-NPs) show great potential as functional materials
1
–
3
. However, thus far, the realized high-entropy alloys have been restricted to palettes of similar elements, which greatly hinders the material design, property optimization and mechanistic exploration for different applications
4
,
5
. Herein, we discovered that liquid metal endowing negative mixing enthalpy with other elements could provide a stable thermodynamic condition and act as a desirable dynamic mixing reservoir, thus realizing the synthesis of HEA-NPs with a diverse range of metal elements in mild reaction conditions. The involved elements have a wide range of atomic radii (1.24–1.97 Å) and melting points (303–3,683 K). We also realized the precisely fabricated structures of nanoparticles via mixing enthalpy tuning. Moreover, the real-time conversion process (that is, from liquid metal to crystalline HEA-NPs) is captured in situ, which confirmed a dynamic fission–fusion behaviour during the alloying process.
We discovered that liquid metal endowing negative mixing enthalpy with other elements could provide a stable thermodynamic condition and act as a desirable dynamic mixing reservoir, realizing the synthesis of high-entropy alloy nanoparticles.</abstract><cop>London</cop><pub>Nature Publishing Group UK</pub><pmid>37316660</pmid><doi>10.1038/s41586-023-06082-9</doi><tpages>5</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1442-052X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1356-4422</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9906-5351</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9224-3816</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2195-2823</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1058-4719</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7448-8860</orcidid></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0028-0836 |
| ispartof | Nature (London), 2023-07, Vol.619 (7968), p.73-77 |
| issn | 0028-0836 1476-4687 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_2826218659 |
| source | Nature; SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings |
| subjects | 119/118 639/301/357/354 639/925/357/551 Alloying Alloys Atomic radius Casting Design optimization Enthalpy Entropy High entropy alloys Humanities and Social Sciences Liquid metals Melting point Melting points Metals multidisciplinary Nanoalloys Nanoparticles Science Science (multidisciplinary) Solid solutions Synthesis Transmission electron microscopy |
| title | Liquid metal for high-entropy alloy nanoparticles synthesis |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-02-11T22%3A25%3A18IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_cross&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Liquid%20metal%20for%20high-entropy%20alloy%20nanoparticles%20synthesis&rft.jtitle=Nature%20(London)&rft.au=Cao,%20Guanghui&rft.date=2023-07-06&rft.volume=619&rft.issue=7968&rft.spage=73&rft.epage=77&rft.pages=73-77&rft.issn=0028-0836&rft.eissn=1476-4687&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038/s41586-023-06082-9&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_cross%3E2826218659%3C/proquest_cross%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2834505876&rft_id=info:pmid/37316660&rfr_iscdi=true |