Long-term marine protection enhances kelp forest ecosystem stability
Trophic downgrading destabilizes ecosystems and can drive large-scale shifts in ecosystem state. While restoring predatory interactions in marine reserves can reverse anthropogenic-driven shifts, empirical evidence of increased ecosystem stability and persistence in the presence of predators is scan...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Ecological applications 2023-10, Vol.33 (7), p.e2895-e2895 |
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| container_title | Ecological applications |
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| creator | Peleg, Ohad Blain, Caitlin O Shears, Nick T |
| description | Trophic downgrading destabilizes ecosystems and can drive large-scale shifts in ecosystem state. While restoring predatory interactions in marine reserves can reverse anthropogenic-driven shifts, empirical evidence of increased ecosystem stability and persistence in the presence of predators is scant. We compared temporal variation in rocky reef ecosystem state in New Zealand's oldest marine reserve to nearby fished reefs to examine whether protection of predators led to more persistent and stable reef ecosystem states in the marine reserve. Contrasting ecosystem states were found between reserve and fished sites, and this persisted over the 22-year study period. Fished sites were predominantly urchin barrens but occasionally fluctuated to short-lived turfs and mixed algal forests, while reserve sites displayed unidirectional successional trajectories toward stable kelp forests (Ecklonia radiata) taking up to three decades following protection. This provides empirical evidence that long-term protection of predators facilitates kelp forest recovery, resists shifts to denuded alternate states, and enhances kelp forest stability. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1002/eap.2895 |
| format | Article |
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While restoring predatory interactions in marine reserves can reverse anthropogenic-driven shifts, empirical evidence of increased ecosystem stability and persistence in the presence of predators is scant. We compared temporal variation in rocky reef ecosystem state in New Zealand's oldest marine reserve to nearby fished reefs to examine whether protection of predators led to more persistent and stable reef ecosystem states in the marine reserve. Contrasting ecosystem states were found between reserve and fished sites, and this persisted over the 22-year study period. Fished sites were predominantly urchin barrens but occasionally fluctuated to short-lived turfs and mixed algal forests, while reserve sites displayed unidirectional successional trajectories toward stable kelp forests (Ecklonia radiata) taking up to three decades following protection. 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| issn | 1051-0761 1939-5582 |
| language | eng |
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| source | MEDLINE; Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete |
| subjects | Algae Animals Anthropogenic factors Ecosystem Ecosystem stability Ecosystems Food Chain Forest ecosystems Forest protection Forests Kelp Kelp beds Marine ecosystems Predators Sea Urchins Stability Temporal variations Terrestrial ecosystems |
| title | Long-term marine protection enhances kelp forest ecosystem stability |
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