Dietary Carbohydrate and Fat Intakes and Risk of Mortality in the Japanese Population: the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort Study

Previous cohort studies have yielded contradictory findings regarding the associations of dietary carbohydrate and fat intakes with risks of mortality. We examined long-term associations of carbohydrate and fat intakes with mortality. In this cohort study, 34,893 men and 46,440 women aged 35–69 y (mean body mass index of 23.7 and 22.2 kg/m2, respectively) were followed up from the baseline survey (2004–2014) to the end of 2017 or 2018. Intakes of carbohydrate, fat, and total energy were estimated using a food frequency questionnaire. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated for all-cause and cause-specific mortality according to percentage of energy intakes of carbohydrate and fat. During a mean 8.9-y follow-up, we identified 2783 deaths (1838 men and 945 women). Compared with men who consumed 50% to