Autism spectrum disorder and GABA levels in children with succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency
Aim To elucidate the etiological aspects of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency (SSADHD), related to dysregulation of γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) and the imbalance of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission. Method In this prospective, international st...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | Developmental medicine and child neurology 2023-12, Vol.65 (12), p.1596-1606 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | eng |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| container_end_page | 1606 |
|---|---|
| container_issue | 12 |
| container_start_page | 1596 |
| container_title | Developmental medicine and child neurology |
| container_volume | 65 |
| creator | Tokatly Latzer, Itay Hanson, Ellen Bertoldi, Mariarita García‐Cazorla, Àngeles Tsuboyama, Melissa MacMullin, Paul Rotenberg, Alexander Roullet, Jean‐Baptiste Pearl, Phillip L. Gibson, K Michael Arning, Erland DiBacco, Melissa L Aygun, Deniz Sachee, Daniyal Lee, Henry H C Papadelis, Christos Opladen, Thomas Jeltsch, Kathrin Warfield, Simon Hoffman, Carolyn |
| description | Aim
To elucidate the etiological aspects of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency (SSADHD), related to dysregulation of γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) and the imbalance of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission.
Method
In this prospective, international study, individuals with SSADHD underwent neuropsychological assessments, as well as biochemical, neurophysiological, and neuroimaging evaluations.
Results
Of the 29 individuals (17 females) enrolled (median age [IQR] 10 years 5 months [5 years 11 months–18 years 1 month]), 16 were diagnosed with ASD. ASD severity significantly increased with age (r = 0.67, p |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/dmcn.15659 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_2820336465</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2820336465</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3299-b98341389f6cfef24e425cca107a061cb091b09c1d29408fae8bb6c913e18a8b3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9kMlOwzAQQC0EgrJc-ADkI0JK8RY3PpYCBYnlAufIGU-oUZZiJ6D-PSktHBlpNBrp6R0eIaecjfkwl66GZsxTnZodMuJKmySbKLNLRoxxkXAtxAE5jPGdMSZ1qvbJgZwIpaXkI7KY9p2PNY1LhC70NXU-tsFhoLZxdD69mtIKP7GK1DcUFr5yARv65bsFjT2AbzzQiLW3lcPFyiH9OaF9w8bG9Vd68NjA6pjslbaKeLK9R-T19uZldpc8PM_vZ9OHBKQwJilMJhWXmSk1lFgKhUqkAJaziWWaQ8EMHxa4E0axrLSYFYUGwyXyzGaFPCLnG-8ytB89xi6vfQSsKttg28dcZIJJqZVOB_Rig0JoYwxY5svgaxtWOWf5umy-Lpv_lB3gs623L2p0f-hvygHgG-DLV7j6R5VfP86eNtJvBZOEwg</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2820336465</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Autism spectrum disorder and GABA levels in children with succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency</title><source>Wiley Online Library Free Content</source><source>Wiley Online Library All Journals</source><creator>Tokatly Latzer, Itay ; Hanson, Ellen ; Bertoldi, Mariarita ; García‐Cazorla, Àngeles ; Tsuboyama, Melissa ; MacMullin, Paul ; Rotenberg, Alexander ; Roullet, Jean‐Baptiste ; Pearl, Phillip L. ; Gibson, K Michael ; Arning, Erland ; DiBacco, Melissa L ; Aygun, Deniz ; Sachee, Daniyal ; Lee, Henry H C ; Papadelis, Christos ; Opladen, Thomas ; Jeltsch, Kathrin ; Warfield, Simon ; Hoffman, Carolyn</creator><creatorcontrib>Tokatly Latzer, Itay ; Hanson, Ellen ; Bertoldi, Mariarita ; García‐Cazorla, Àngeles ; Tsuboyama, Melissa ; MacMullin, Paul ; Rotenberg, Alexander ; Roullet, Jean‐Baptiste ; Pearl, Phillip L. ; Gibson, K Michael ; Arning, Erland ; DiBacco, Melissa L ; Aygun, Deniz ; Sachee, Daniyal ; Lee, Henry H C ; Papadelis, Christos ; Opladen, Thomas ; Jeltsch, Kathrin ; Warfield, Simon ; Hoffman, Carolyn ; SSADH Deficiency Investigators Consortium ; SSADH Deficiency Investigators Consortium</creatorcontrib><description>Aim
To elucidate the etiological aspects of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency (SSADHD), related to dysregulation of γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) and the imbalance of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission.
Method
In this prospective, international study, individuals with SSADHD underwent neuropsychological assessments, as well as biochemical, neurophysiological, and neuroimaging evaluations.
Results
Of the 29 individuals (17 females) enrolled (median age [IQR] 10 years 5 months [5 years 11 months–18 years 1 month]), 16 were diagnosed with ASD. ASD severity significantly increased with age (r = 0.67, p < 0.001) but was inversely correlated with plasma GABA (r = −0.67, p < 0.001) and γ‐hydroxybutyrate levels (r = −0.538, p = 0.004), and resting motor threshold as measured by transcranial magnetic stimulation (r = −0.44, p = 0.03). A discriminative analysis indicated that an age older than 7 years 2 months (p = 0.004) and plasma GABA levels less than 2.47 μM (p = 0.01) are the threshold values beyond which the likelihood of ASD presenting in individuals with SSADHD is increased.
Interpretation
ASD is prevalent but not universal in SSADHD, and it can be predicted by lower levels of plasma GABA and GABA‐related metabolites. ASD severity in SSADHD increases with age and the loss of cortical inhibition. These findings add insight into the pathophysiology of ASD and may facilitate its early diagnosis and intervention in individuals with SSADHD.
Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH) deficiency is an inherited disorder of GABA catabolism, resulting in hyper‐physiologic concentrations of GABA. Altered GABA homeostasis, including user‐dependent downregulation of GABAA receptors and increase in the excitation:inhibition ratio, contribute to the pathomechanisms of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) in this condition. ASDs are more likely to onset in people with SSADH deficiency beyond a relatively late age of 7 years 2 months and as plasma GABA levels drop below ~2.5µM. Knowledge of these cutoff values may be applicable for earlier diagnosis and management of ASDs in this population. SSADH deficiency needs to be considered in the diagnostic evaluation of ASDs, especially if autistic symptoms appear at an older age than that of non‐syndromic ASDs.
Video Podcast: https://youtu.be/y‐PnJodEr2g
This original article is commented on by Frye on pages 1544–1545 of this issue.
Plain language summary: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/dmcn.16032</description><identifier>ISSN: 0012-1622</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1469-8749</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.15659</identifier><identifier>PMID: 37246331</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England</publisher><ispartof>Developmental medicine and child neurology, 2023-12, Vol.65 (12), p.1596-1606</ispartof><rights>2023 Mac Keith Press.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3299-b98341389f6cfef24e425cca107a061cb091b09c1d29408fae8bb6c913e18a8b3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3299-b98341389f6cfef24e425cca107a061cb091b09c1d29408fae8bb6c913e18a8b3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-6495-5928 ; 0000-0002-6373-1068 ; 0000-0001-7403-3620 ; 0000-0003-3132-1379 ; 0000-0002-0934-0808 ; 0000-0001-9853-688X</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111%2Fdmcn.15659$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111%2Fdmcn.15659$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>315,781,785,1418,1434,27926,27927,45576,45577,46411,46835</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37246331$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Tokatly Latzer, Itay</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hanson, Ellen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bertoldi, Mariarita</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>García‐Cazorla, Àngeles</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tsuboyama, Melissa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>MacMullin, Paul</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rotenberg, Alexander</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Roullet, Jean‐Baptiste</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pearl, Phillip L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gibson, K Michael</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Arning, Erland</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>DiBacco, Melissa L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Aygun, Deniz</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sachee, Daniyal</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Henry H C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Papadelis, Christos</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Opladen, Thomas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jeltsch, Kathrin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Warfield, Simon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hoffman, Carolyn</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>SSADH Deficiency Investigators Consortium</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>SSADH Deficiency Investigators Consortium</creatorcontrib><title>Autism spectrum disorder and GABA levels in children with succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency</title><title>Developmental medicine and child neurology</title><addtitle>Dev Med Child Neurol</addtitle><description>Aim
To elucidate the etiological aspects of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency (SSADHD), related to dysregulation of γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) and the imbalance of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission.
Method
In this prospective, international study, individuals with SSADHD underwent neuropsychological assessments, as well as biochemical, neurophysiological, and neuroimaging evaluations.
Results
Of the 29 individuals (17 females) enrolled (median age [IQR] 10 years 5 months [5 years 11 months–18 years 1 month]), 16 were diagnosed with ASD. ASD severity significantly increased with age (r = 0.67, p < 0.001) but was inversely correlated with plasma GABA (r = −0.67, p < 0.001) and γ‐hydroxybutyrate levels (r = −0.538, p = 0.004), and resting motor threshold as measured by transcranial magnetic stimulation (r = −0.44, p = 0.03). A discriminative analysis indicated that an age older than 7 years 2 months (p = 0.004) and plasma GABA levels less than 2.47 μM (p = 0.01) are the threshold values beyond which the likelihood of ASD presenting in individuals with SSADHD is increased.
Interpretation
ASD is prevalent but not universal in SSADHD, and it can be predicted by lower levels of plasma GABA and GABA‐related metabolites. ASD severity in SSADHD increases with age and the loss of cortical inhibition. These findings add insight into the pathophysiology of ASD and may facilitate its early diagnosis and intervention in individuals with SSADHD.
Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH) deficiency is an inherited disorder of GABA catabolism, resulting in hyper‐physiologic concentrations of GABA. Altered GABA homeostasis, including user‐dependent downregulation of GABAA receptors and increase in the excitation:inhibition ratio, contribute to the pathomechanisms of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) in this condition. ASDs are more likely to onset in people with SSADH deficiency beyond a relatively late age of 7 years 2 months and as plasma GABA levels drop below ~2.5µM. Knowledge of these cutoff values may be applicable for earlier diagnosis and management of ASDs in this population. SSADH deficiency needs to be considered in the diagnostic evaluation of ASDs, especially if autistic symptoms appear at an older age than that of non‐syndromic ASDs.
Video Podcast: https://youtu.be/y‐PnJodEr2g
This original article is commented on by Frye on pages 1544–1545 of this issue.
Plain language summary: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/dmcn.16032</description><issn>0012-1622</issn><issn>1469-8749</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kMlOwzAQQC0EgrJc-ADkI0JK8RY3PpYCBYnlAufIGU-oUZZiJ6D-PSktHBlpNBrp6R0eIaecjfkwl66GZsxTnZodMuJKmySbKLNLRoxxkXAtxAE5jPGdMSZ1qvbJgZwIpaXkI7KY9p2PNY1LhC70NXU-tsFhoLZxdD69mtIKP7GK1DcUFr5yARv65bsFjT2AbzzQiLW3lcPFyiH9OaF9w8bG9Vd68NjA6pjslbaKeLK9R-T19uZldpc8PM_vZ9OHBKQwJilMJhWXmSk1lFgKhUqkAJaziWWaQ8EMHxa4E0axrLSYFYUGwyXyzGaFPCLnG-8ytB89xi6vfQSsKttg28dcZIJJqZVOB_Rig0JoYwxY5svgaxtWOWf5umy-Lpv_lB3gs623L2p0f-hvygHgG-DLV7j6R5VfP86eNtJvBZOEwg</recordid><startdate>202312</startdate><enddate>202312</enddate><creator>Tokatly Latzer, Itay</creator><creator>Hanson, Ellen</creator><creator>Bertoldi, Mariarita</creator><creator>García‐Cazorla, Àngeles</creator><creator>Tsuboyama, Melissa</creator><creator>MacMullin, Paul</creator><creator>Rotenberg, Alexander</creator><creator>Roullet, Jean‐Baptiste</creator><creator>Pearl, Phillip L.</creator><creator>Gibson, K Michael</creator><creator>Arning, Erland</creator><creator>DiBacco, Melissa L</creator><creator>Aygun, Deniz</creator><creator>Sachee, Daniyal</creator><creator>Lee, Henry H C</creator><creator>Papadelis, Christos</creator><creator>Opladen, Thomas</creator><creator>Jeltsch, Kathrin</creator><creator>Warfield, Simon</creator><creator>Hoffman, Carolyn</creator><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6495-5928</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6373-1068</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7403-3620</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3132-1379</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0934-0808</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9853-688X</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>202312</creationdate><title>Autism spectrum disorder and GABA levels in children with succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency</title><author>Tokatly Latzer, Itay ; Hanson, Ellen ; Bertoldi, Mariarita ; García‐Cazorla, Àngeles ; Tsuboyama, Melissa ; MacMullin, Paul ; Rotenberg, Alexander ; Roullet, Jean‐Baptiste ; Pearl, Phillip L. ; Gibson, K Michael ; Arning, Erland ; DiBacco, Melissa L ; Aygun, Deniz ; Sachee, Daniyal ; Lee, Henry H C ; Papadelis, Christos ; Opladen, Thomas ; Jeltsch, Kathrin ; Warfield, Simon ; Hoffman, Carolyn</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c3299-b98341389f6cfef24e425cca107a061cb091b09c1d29408fae8bb6c913e18a8b3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Tokatly Latzer, Itay</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hanson, Ellen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bertoldi, Mariarita</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>García‐Cazorla, Àngeles</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tsuboyama, Melissa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>MacMullin, Paul</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rotenberg, Alexander</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Roullet, Jean‐Baptiste</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pearl, Phillip L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gibson, K Michael</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Arning, Erland</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>DiBacco, Melissa L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Aygun, Deniz</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sachee, Daniyal</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Henry H C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Papadelis, Christos</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Opladen, Thomas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jeltsch, Kathrin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Warfield, Simon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hoffman, Carolyn</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>SSADH Deficiency Investigators Consortium</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>SSADH Deficiency Investigators Consortium</creatorcontrib><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Developmental medicine and child neurology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Tokatly Latzer, Itay</au><au>Hanson, Ellen</au><au>Bertoldi, Mariarita</au><au>García‐Cazorla, Àngeles</au><au>Tsuboyama, Melissa</au><au>MacMullin, Paul</au><au>Rotenberg, Alexander</au><au>Roullet, Jean‐Baptiste</au><au>Pearl, Phillip L.</au><au>Gibson, K Michael</au><au>Arning, Erland</au><au>DiBacco, Melissa L</au><au>Aygun, Deniz</au><au>Sachee, Daniyal</au><au>Lee, Henry H C</au><au>Papadelis, Christos</au><au>Opladen, Thomas</au><au>Jeltsch, Kathrin</au><au>Warfield, Simon</au><au>Hoffman, Carolyn</au><aucorp>SSADH Deficiency Investigators Consortium</aucorp><aucorp>SSADH Deficiency Investigators Consortium</aucorp><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Autism spectrum disorder and GABA levels in children with succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency</atitle><jtitle>Developmental medicine and child neurology</jtitle><addtitle>Dev Med Child Neurol</addtitle><date>2023-12</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>65</volume><issue>12</issue><spage>1596</spage><epage>1606</epage><pages>1596-1606</pages><issn>0012-1622</issn><eissn>1469-8749</eissn><abstract>Aim
To elucidate the etiological aspects of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency (SSADHD), related to dysregulation of γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) and the imbalance of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission.
Method
In this prospective, international study, individuals with SSADHD underwent neuropsychological assessments, as well as biochemical, neurophysiological, and neuroimaging evaluations.
Results
Of the 29 individuals (17 females) enrolled (median age [IQR] 10 years 5 months [5 years 11 months–18 years 1 month]), 16 were diagnosed with ASD. ASD severity significantly increased with age (r = 0.67, p < 0.001) but was inversely correlated with plasma GABA (r = −0.67, p < 0.001) and γ‐hydroxybutyrate levels (r = −0.538, p = 0.004), and resting motor threshold as measured by transcranial magnetic stimulation (r = −0.44, p = 0.03). A discriminative analysis indicated that an age older than 7 years 2 months (p = 0.004) and plasma GABA levels less than 2.47 μM (p = 0.01) are the threshold values beyond which the likelihood of ASD presenting in individuals with SSADHD is increased.
Interpretation
ASD is prevalent but not universal in SSADHD, and it can be predicted by lower levels of plasma GABA and GABA‐related metabolites. ASD severity in SSADHD increases with age and the loss of cortical inhibition. These findings add insight into the pathophysiology of ASD and may facilitate its early diagnosis and intervention in individuals with SSADHD.
Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH) deficiency is an inherited disorder of GABA catabolism, resulting in hyper‐physiologic concentrations of GABA. Altered GABA homeostasis, including user‐dependent downregulation of GABAA receptors and increase in the excitation:inhibition ratio, contribute to the pathomechanisms of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) in this condition. ASDs are more likely to onset in people with SSADH deficiency beyond a relatively late age of 7 years 2 months and as plasma GABA levels drop below ~2.5µM. Knowledge of these cutoff values may be applicable for earlier diagnosis and management of ASDs in this population. SSADH deficiency needs to be considered in the diagnostic evaluation of ASDs, especially if autistic symptoms appear at an older age than that of non‐syndromic ASDs.
Video Podcast: https://youtu.be/y‐PnJodEr2g
This original article is commented on by Frye on pages 1544–1545 of this issue.
Plain language summary: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/dmcn.16032</abstract><cop>England</cop><pmid>37246331</pmid><doi>10.1111/dmcn.15659</doi><tpages>11</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6495-5928</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6373-1068</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7403-3620</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3132-1379</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0934-0808</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9853-688X</orcidid></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0012-1622 |
| ispartof | Developmental medicine and child neurology, 2023-12, Vol.65 (12), p.1596-1606 |
| issn | 0012-1622 1469-8749 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_2820336465 |
| source | Wiley Online Library Free Content; Wiley Online Library All Journals |
| title | Autism spectrum disorder and GABA levels in children with succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2024-12-18T08%3A05%3A09IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_cross&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Autism%20spectrum%20disorder%20and%20GABA%20levels%20in%20children%20with%20succinic%20semialdehyde%20dehydrogenase%20deficiency&rft.jtitle=Developmental%20medicine%20and%20child%20neurology&rft.au=Tokatly%C2%A0Latzer,%20Itay&rft.aucorp=SSADH%20Deficiency%20Investigators%20Consortium&rft.date=2023-12&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1596&rft.epage=1606&rft.pages=1596-1606&rft.issn=0012-1622&rft.eissn=1469-8749&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111/dmcn.15659&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_cross%3E2820336465%3C/proquest_cross%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2820336465&rft_id=info:pmid/37246331&rfr_iscdi=true |