Establishment of a 2-dimensional echocardiographic protocol and reference parameters for clinically healthy southern stingrays (Hypanus americanus)

To establish an echocardiographic technique and 2-dimensional reference parameters for southern stingrays (Hypanus americanus). A second objective was to compare echocardiographic measurements obtained from animals of different sex, size, environment, handling technique, and position. 84 presumed he...

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Veröffentlicht in:	American journal of veterinary research 2023-07, Vol.84 (7), p.1-10
Hauptverfasser:	Gerlach, Trevor J, Boyd, Roberta T, Delaune, Alexa J, Perry, Sean, Smukall, Matthew, Mylniczenko, Natalie D
Format:	Artikel
Sprache:	eng
Schlagworte:	body size echocardiography Elasmobranchii heart diseases physiology sexual dimorphism sharks species veterinary medicine
Online-Zugang:	Volltext
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