Analysis and comparison of wellhead protection areas delimitation methods applying a stochastic MODFLOW model as a reference
Sustainable use of groundwater while maintaining economic and social development is a major challenge, and the implementation of wellhead protection areas (WHPA) for public supply wells has been applied as an instrument to overcome it. This study analyzes the WHPA delineation methods: calculated fix...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | Environmental monitoring and assessment 2023-06, Vol.195 (6), p.704-704, Article 704 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , , , |
| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | eng |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| container_end_page | 704 |
|---|---|
| container_issue | 6 |
| container_start_page | 704 |
| container_title | Environmental monitoring and assessment |
| container_volume | 195 |
| creator | Bofill, Lucas Medeiros Suhogusoff, Alexandra Vieira Ferrari, Luiz Roisenberg, Ari |
| description | Sustainable use of groundwater while maintaining economic and social development is a major challenge, and the implementation of wellhead protection areas (WHPA) for public supply wells has been applied as an instrument to overcome it. This study analyzes the WHPA delineation methods: calculated fixed radius (CFR) and two solutions of the WhAEM software (USEPA,
2018
), one analytical and one semi-analytical. We compare their results with WHPAs generated by a stochastic three-dimensional MODFLOW-MODPATH model in two scenarios: eight pumping wells operating simultaneously and a single well pumping, both at the same public drinking water supply wellfield located on a coastal plain in Jaguaruna County, south Brazil. For the specific hydrogeological settings, all methods produced satisfactory results when delineating a 50-day time-of-travel (TOT) WHPA for a single well. However, as TOT increases, uncertainties are introduced, and the precision of the results is reduced. Multiple well pumping simultaneously presented similar issues regarding uncertainties caused by three-dimensional flow complexities resulting from well interferences. Despite being the simplest method applied in terms of hydrogeological data needs, the CFR method demonstrated reliability in its results. Additionally, we present an analysis comparing the dimensions of the capture zone with the 10- and 20-year TOT WHPAs, indicating that managing the entire capture zone is the best way to protect groundwater against conservative contaminants. Finally, we compare WHPA generated by a stochastic and a deterministic model to understand how uncertainties can affect model results. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s10661-023-11291-w |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_2817775989</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2817219307</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c326t-2d6e7ea48c25d8a390b9fa72ece1cf0a9d0a08f969d7529e7c0d69dfb3acc8373</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9kc1O3DAUha0KBFPaF2CBLLFhk9Y_JI6XCJi20lSzAbG07tg3jFESBzuj0Uh9eAyBIrFgZev6O-fq-BByzNkPzpj6mTirKl4wIQvOhebF9guZ8VLJQuhS75EZ45UqKlnpQ_I1pQfGmFbn-oAcSiWyQIkZ-XfRQ7tLPlHoHbWhGyD6FHoaGrrFtl0jODrEMKIdfR5DREjUYes7P8LLqMNxHVw2GIZ25_t7CjSNwa4hjd7Sv8ur-WJ5R7uQRTRrgUZsMGJv8RvZb6BN-P31PCK38-uby9_FYvnrz-XForBSVGMhXIUK4by2onQ1SM1WugEl0CK3DQPtGLC60ZV2qhQalWUu35uVBGtrqeQROZt8c5DHDabRdD7ZnA56DJtkRM2VUqWudUZPP6APYRPzH02U4FqyZ0MxUTaGlHIeM0TfQdwZzsxzN2bqxuRuzEs3ZptFJ6_Wm1WH7r_krYwMyAlI-am_x_i--xPbJ6tEnFg</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2817219307</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Analysis and comparison of wellhead protection areas delimitation methods applying a stochastic MODFLOW model as a reference</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>SpringerNature Journals</source><creator>Bofill, Lucas Medeiros ; Suhogusoff, Alexandra Vieira ; Ferrari, Luiz ; Roisenberg, Ari</creator><creatorcontrib>Bofill, Lucas Medeiros ; Suhogusoff, Alexandra Vieira ; Ferrari, Luiz ; Roisenberg, Ari</creatorcontrib><description>Sustainable use of groundwater while maintaining economic and social development is a major challenge, and the implementation of wellhead protection areas (WHPA) for public supply wells has been applied as an instrument to overcome it. This study analyzes the WHPA delineation methods: calculated fixed radius (CFR) and two solutions of the WhAEM software (USEPA,
2018
), one analytical and one semi-analytical. We compare their results with WHPAs generated by a stochastic three-dimensional MODFLOW-MODPATH model in two scenarios: eight pumping wells operating simultaneously and a single well pumping, both at the same public drinking water supply wellfield located on a coastal plain in Jaguaruna County, south Brazil. For the specific hydrogeological settings, all methods produced satisfactory results when delineating a 50-day time-of-travel (TOT) WHPA for a single well. However, as TOT increases, uncertainties are introduced, and the precision of the results is reduced. Multiple well pumping simultaneously presented similar issues regarding uncertainties caused by three-dimensional flow complexities resulting from well interferences. Despite being the simplest method applied in terms of hydrogeological data needs, the CFR method demonstrated reliability in its results. Additionally, we present an analysis comparing the dimensions of the capture zone with the 10- and 20-year TOT WHPAs, indicating that managing the entire capture zone is the best way to protect groundwater against conservative contaminants. Finally, we compare WHPA generated by a stochastic and a deterministic model to understand how uncertainties can affect model results.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0167-6369</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1573-2959</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11291-w</identifier><identifier>PMID: 37212972</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Cham: Springer International Publishing</publisher><subject>Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution ; Coastal plains ; Contaminants ; Developing countries ; Dimensions ; Drinking water ; Earth and Environmental Science ; Ecology ; Ecotoxicology ; Environment ; Environmental Management ; Environmental monitoring ; Environmental Monitoring - methods ; Environmental science ; Geology ; Groundwater ; Hydraulics ; Hydrogeology ; Land use ; LDCs ; Methods ; Modelling ; Models, Theoretical ; Monitoring/Environmental Analysis ; Protection ; Pumping ; Reproducibility of Results ; Social change ; Software ; Stochasticity ; Sustainable use ; Three dimensional flow ; Three dimensional models ; Topography ; Uncertainty ; Water Movements ; Water Supply ; Water Wells ; Wellheads</subject><ispartof>Environmental monitoring and assessment, 2023-06, Vol.195 (6), p.704-704, Article 704</ispartof><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.</rights><rights>2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c326t-2d6e7ea48c25d8a390b9fa72ece1cf0a9d0a08f969d7529e7c0d69dfb3acc8373</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-3515-2368</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10661-023-11291-w$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10661-023-11291-w$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925,41488,42557,51319</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37212972$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Bofill, Lucas Medeiros</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Suhogusoff, Alexandra Vieira</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ferrari, Luiz</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Roisenberg, Ari</creatorcontrib><title>Analysis and comparison of wellhead protection areas delimitation methods applying a stochastic MODFLOW model as a reference</title><title>Environmental monitoring and assessment</title><addtitle>Environ Monit Assess</addtitle><addtitle>Environ Monit Assess</addtitle><description>Sustainable use of groundwater while maintaining economic and social development is a major challenge, and the implementation of wellhead protection areas (WHPA) for public supply wells has been applied as an instrument to overcome it. This study analyzes the WHPA delineation methods: calculated fixed radius (CFR) and two solutions of the WhAEM software (USEPA,
2018
), one analytical and one semi-analytical. We compare their results with WHPAs generated by a stochastic three-dimensional MODFLOW-MODPATH model in two scenarios: eight pumping wells operating simultaneously and a single well pumping, both at the same public drinking water supply wellfield located on a coastal plain in Jaguaruna County, south Brazil. For the specific hydrogeological settings, all methods produced satisfactory results when delineating a 50-day time-of-travel (TOT) WHPA for a single well. However, as TOT increases, uncertainties are introduced, and the precision of the results is reduced. Multiple well pumping simultaneously presented similar issues regarding uncertainties caused by three-dimensional flow complexities resulting from well interferences. Despite being the simplest method applied in terms of hydrogeological data needs, the CFR method demonstrated reliability in its results. Additionally, we present an analysis comparing the dimensions of the capture zone with the 10- and 20-year TOT WHPAs, indicating that managing the entire capture zone is the best way to protect groundwater against conservative contaminants. Finally, we compare WHPA generated by a stochastic and a deterministic model to understand how uncertainties can affect model results.</description><subject>Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution</subject><subject>Coastal plains</subject><subject>Contaminants</subject><subject>Developing countries</subject><subject>Dimensions</subject><subject>Drinking water</subject><subject>Earth and Environmental Science</subject><subject>Ecology</subject><subject>Ecotoxicology</subject><subject>Environment</subject><subject>Environmental Management</subject><subject>Environmental monitoring</subject><subject>Environmental Monitoring - methods</subject><subject>Environmental science</subject><subject>Geology</subject><subject>Groundwater</subject><subject>Hydraulics</subject><subject>Hydrogeology</subject><subject>Land use</subject><subject>LDCs</subject><subject>Methods</subject><subject>Modelling</subject><subject>Models, Theoretical</subject><subject>Monitoring/Environmental Analysis</subject><subject>Protection</subject><subject>Pumping</subject><subject>Reproducibility of Results</subject><subject>Social change</subject><subject>Software</subject><subject>Stochasticity</subject><subject>Sustainable use</subject><subject>Three dimensional flow</subject><subject>Three dimensional models</subject><subject>Topography</subject><subject>Uncertainty</subject><subject>Water Movements</subject><subject>Water Supply</subject><subject>Water Wells</subject><subject>Wellheads</subject><issn>0167-6369</issn><issn>1573-2959</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kc1O3DAUha0KBFPaF2CBLLFhk9Y_JI6XCJi20lSzAbG07tg3jFESBzuj0Uh9eAyBIrFgZev6O-fq-BByzNkPzpj6mTirKl4wIQvOhebF9guZ8VLJQuhS75EZ45UqKlnpQ_I1pQfGmFbn-oAcSiWyQIkZ-XfRQ7tLPlHoHbWhGyD6FHoaGrrFtl0jODrEMKIdfR5DREjUYes7P8LLqMNxHVw2GIZ25_t7CjSNwa4hjd7Sv8ur-WJ5R7uQRTRrgUZsMGJv8RvZb6BN-P31PCK38-uby9_FYvnrz-XForBSVGMhXIUK4by2onQ1SM1WugEl0CK3DQPtGLC60ZV2qhQalWUu35uVBGtrqeQROZt8c5DHDabRdD7ZnA56DJtkRM2VUqWudUZPP6APYRPzH02U4FqyZ0MxUTaGlHIeM0TfQdwZzsxzN2bqxuRuzEs3ZptFJ6_Wm1WH7r_krYwMyAlI-am_x_i--xPbJ6tEnFg</recordid><startdate>20230601</startdate><enddate>20230601</enddate><creator>Bofill, Lucas Medeiros</creator><creator>Suhogusoff, Alexandra Vieira</creator><creator>Ferrari, Luiz</creator><creator>Roisenberg, Ari</creator><general>Springer International Publishing</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QH</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TN</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>7WY</scope><scope>7WZ</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>87Z</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8FL</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BEZIV</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FRNLG</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>F~G</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H97</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K60</scope><scope>K6~</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L.-</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>M0C</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PQBIZ</scope><scope>PQBZA</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>SOI</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3515-2368</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20230601</creationdate><title>Analysis and comparison of wellhead protection areas delimitation methods applying a stochastic MODFLOW model as a reference</title><author>Bofill, Lucas Medeiros ; Suhogusoff, Alexandra Vieira ; Ferrari, Luiz ; Roisenberg, Ari</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c326t-2d6e7ea48c25d8a390b9fa72ece1cf0a9d0a08f969d7529e7c0d69dfb3acc8373</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution</topic><topic>Coastal plains</topic><topic>Contaminants</topic><topic>Developing countries</topic><topic>Dimensions</topic><topic>Drinking water</topic><topic>Earth and Environmental Science</topic><topic>Ecology</topic><topic>Ecotoxicology</topic><topic>Environment</topic><topic>Environmental Management</topic><topic>Environmental monitoring</topic><topic>Environmental Monitoring - methods</topic><topic>Environmental science</topic><topic>Geology</topic><topic>Groundwater</topic><topic>Hydraulics</topic><topic>Hydrogeology</topic><topic>Land use</topic><topic>LDCs</topic><topic>Methods</topic><topic>Modelling</topic><topic>Models, Theoretical</topic><topic>Monitoring/Environmental Analysis</topic><topic>Protection</topic><topic>Pumping</topic><topic>Reproducibility of Results</topic><topic>Social change</topic><topic>Software</topic><topic>Stochasticity</topic><topic>Sustainable use</topic><topic>Three dimensional flow</topic><topic>Three dimensional models</topic><topic>Topography</topic><topic>Uncertainty</topic><topic>Water Movements</topic><topic>Water Supply</topic><topic>Water Wells</topic><topic>Wellheads</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Bofill, Lucas Medeiros</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Suhogusoff, Alexandra Vieira</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ferrari, Luiz</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Roisenberg, Ari</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Aqualine</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Oceanic Abstracts</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Water Resources Abstracts</collection><collection>Access via ABI/INFORM (ProQuest)</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Global (PDF only)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Global (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Science Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Business Premium Collection</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Business Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Global (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Business Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Business Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Professional Advanced</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Global</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Science Database</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Business</collection><collection>ProQuest One Business (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Environmental monitoring and assessment</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Bofill, Lucas Medeiros</au><au>Suhogusoff, Alexandra Vieira</au><au>Ferrari, Luiz</au><au>Roisenberg, Ari</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Analysis and comparison of wellhead protection areas delimitation methods applying a stochastic MODFLOW model as a reference</atitle><jtitle>Environmental monitoring and assessment</jtitle><stitle>Environ Monit Assess</stitle><addtitle>Environ Monit Assess</addtitle><date>2023-06-01</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>195</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>704</spage><epage>704</epage><pages>704-704</pages><artnum>704</artnum><issn>0167-6369</issn><eissn>1573-2959</eissn><abstract>Sustainable use of groundwater while maintaining economic and social development is a major challenge, and the implementation of wellhead protection areas (WHPA) for public supply wells has been applied as an instrument to overcome it. This study analyzes the WHPA delineation methods: calculated fixed radius (CFR) and two solutions of the WhAEM software (USEPA,
2018
), one analytical and one semi-analytical. We compare their results with WHPAs generated by a stochastic three-dimensional MODFLOW-MODPATH model in two scenarios: eight pumping wells operating simultaneously and a single well pumping, both at the same public drinking water supply wellfield located on a coastal plain in Jaguaruna County, south Brazil. For the specific hydrogeological settings, all methods produced satisfactory results when delineating a 50-day time-of-travel (TOT) WHPA for a single well. However, as TOT increases, uncertainties are introduced, and the precision of the results is reduced. Multiple well pumping simultaneously presented similar issues regarding uncertainties caused by three-dimensional flow complexities resulting from well interferences. Despite being the simplest method applied in terms of hydrogeological data needs, the CFR method demonstrated reliability in its results. Additionally, we present an analysis comparing the dimensions of the capture zone with the 10- and 20-year TOT WHPAs, indicating that managing the entire capture zone is the best way to protect groundwater against conservative contaminants. Finally, we compare WHPA generated by a stochastic and a deterministic model to understand how uncertainties can affect model results.</abstract><cop>Cham</cop><pub>Springer International Publishing</pub><pmid>37212972</pmid><doi>10.1007/s10661-023-11291-w</doi><tpages>1</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3515-2368</orcidid></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0167-6369 |
| ispartof | Environmental monitoring and assessment, 2023-06, Vol.195 (6), p.704-704, Article 704 |
| issn | 0167-6369 1573-2959 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_2817775989 |
| source | MEDLINE; SpringerNature Journals |
| subjects | Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution Coastal plains Contaminants Developing countries Dimensions Drinking water Earth and Environmental Science Ecology Ecotoxicology Environment Environmental Management Environmental monitoring Environmental Monitoring - methods Environmental science Geology Groundwater Hydraulics Hydrogeology Land use LDCs Methods Modelling Models, Theoretical Monitoring/Environmental Analysis Protection Pumping Reproducibility of Results Social change Software Stochasticity Sustainable use Three dimensional flow Three dimensional models Topography Uncertainty Water Movements Water Supply Water Wells Wellheads |
| title | Analysis and comparison of wellhead protection areas delimitation methods applying a stochastic MODFLOW model as a reference |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2024-12-23T17%3A34%3A01IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_cross&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Analysis%20and%20comparison%20of%20wellhead%20protection%20areas%20delimitation%20methods%20applying%20a%20stochastic%20MODFLOW%20model%20as%20a%20reference&rft.jtitle=Environmental%20monitoring%20and%20assessment&rft.au=Bofill,%20Lucas%20Medeiros&rft.date=2023-06-01&rft.volume=195&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=704&rft.epage=704&rft.pages=704-704&rft.artnum=704&rft.issn=0167-6369&rft.eissn=1573-2959&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007/s10661-023-11291-w&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_cross%3E2817219307%3C/proquest_cross%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2817219307&rft_id=info:pmid/37212972&rfr_iscdi=true |