Optical coherence tomography‐derived predictors of stent expansion in calcified lesions
Background Severe coronary artery calcification is associated with stent underexpansion and subsequent stent failure. Aims We aimed to identify optical coherence tomography (OCT)‐derived predictors of absolute (minimal stent area [MSA]) and relative stent expansion in calcified lesions. Methods This...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Catheterization and cardiovascular interventions 2023-07, Vol.102 (1), p.25-35 |
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| creator | Ziedses des Plantes, Annemieke C. Scoccia, Alessandra Neleman, Tara Groenland, Frederik T. W. Zandvoort, Laurens J. C. Ligthart, Jurgen M. R. Witberg, Karen T. Liu, Shengnan Boersma, Eric Nuis, Rutger‐Jan Dekker, Wijnand K. Wilschut, Jeroen Diletti, Roberto Zijlstra, Felix Van Mieghem, Nicolas M. Daemen, Joost |
| description | Background
Severe coronary artery calcification is associated with stent underexpansion and subsequent stent failure.
Aims
We aimed to identify optical coherence tomography (OCT)‐derived predictors of absolute (minimal stent area [MSA]) and relative stent expansion in calcified lesions.
Methods
This retrospective cohort study included patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with OCT assessment before and after stent implantation between May 2008 and April 2022. Pre‐PCI OCT was used to assess calcium burden and post‐PCI OCT was used to assess absolute and relative stent expansion.
Results
A total of 361 lesions in 336 patients were analyzed. Target lesion calcification (defined as OCT‐detected maximum calcium angle ≥ 30°) was present in 242 (67.0%) lesions. Following PCI, median MSA was 5.37 mm2 in calcified lesions and 6.24 mm2 in noncalcified lesions (p |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1002/ccd.30687 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_2816759664</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2831953740</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3887-af497a6cf9849d7b754240f3fa16f8bd2ea4858acc1e8d2fb8b9cc86e19216183</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp10E1LwzAcx_EgipvTg29ACl70sC1J2zwcZT6C4EVBTyVN_3GRrqlJp-7mS_A1-krM3PQgeEoIH76EH0L7BI8IxnSsdTVKMRN8A_VJTumQU3a_ub4TmbEe2gnhCWMsGZXbqJdySjAjpI8ebtrOalUn2k3BQ6Mh6dzMPXrVThef7x8VePsCVdJ6qKzunA-JM0nooOkSeGtVE6xrEtsksaGtsZHWsHwLu2jLqDrA3vocoLvzs9vJ5fD65uJqcnI91KkQfKhMJrli2kiRyYqXPM9ohk1qFGFGlBUFlYlcKK0JiIqaUpRSa8GASEoYEekAHa26rXfPcwhdMbNBQ12rBtw8FFQQxnPJWBbp4R_65Oa-ib-LKiUyT3mGozpeKe1dCB5M0Xo7U35REFws9y7i3sX33tEerIvzcgbVr_wZOILxCrzaGhb_l4rJ5HSV_AJ274sy</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2831953740</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Optical coherence tomography‐derived predictors of stent expansion in calcified lesions</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Access via Wiley Online Library</source><creator>Ziedses des Plantes, Annemieke C. ; Scoccia, Alessandra ; Neleman, Tara ; Groenland, Frederik T. W. ; Zandvoort, Laurens J. C. ; Ligthart, Jurgen M. R. ; Witberg, Karen T. ; Liu, Shengnan ; Boersma, Eric ; Nuis, Rutger‐Jan ; Dekker, Wijnand K. ; Wilschut, Jeroen ; Diletti, Roberto ; Zijlstra, Felix ; Van Mieghem, Nicolas M. ; Daemen, Joost</creator><creatorcontrib>Ziedses des Plantes, Annemieke C. ; Scoccia, Alessandra ; Neleman, Tara ; Groenland, Frederik T. W. ; Zandvoort, Laurens J. C. ; Ligthart, Jurgen M. R. ; Witberg, Karen T. ; Liu, Shengnan ; Boersma, Eric ; Nuis, Rutger‐Jan ; Dekker, Wijnand K. ; Wilschut, Jeroen ; Diletti, Roberto ; Zijlstra, Felix ; Van Mieghem, Nicolas M. ; Daemen, Joost</creatorcontrib><description>Background
Severe coronary artery calcification is associated with stent underexpansion and subsequent stent failure.
Aims
We aimed to identify optical coherence tomography (OCT)‐derived predictors of absolute (minimal stent area [MSA]) and relative stent expansion in calcified lesions.
Methods
This retrospective cohort study included patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with OCT assessment before and after stent implantation between May 2008 and April 2022. Pre‐PCI OCT was used to assess calcium burden and post‐PCI OCT was used to assess absolute and relative stent expansion.
Results
A total of 361 lesions in 336 patients were analyzed. Target lesion calcification (defined as OCT‐detected maximum calcium angle ≥ 30°) was present in 242 (67.0%) lesions. Following PCI, median MSA was 5.37 mm2 in calcified lesions and 6.24 mm2 in noncalcified lesions (p < 0.001). Median stent expansion was 78% in calcified lesions and 83% in noncalcified lesions (p = 0.325). In the subset of calcified lesions, average stent diameter, preprocedural minimal lumen area, and total calcium length were independent predictors of MSA in multivariable analysis (mean difference 2.69 mm2/mm2, 0.52 mm2/mm, and −0.28 mm2/5 mm, respectively, all p < 0.001). Total stent length was the only independent predictor of relative stent expansion (mean difference −0.465% per mm, p < 0.001). Calcium angle, thickness, and the presence of nodular calcification were not significantly associated with MSA or stent expansion in multivariable analyses.
Conclusion
Calcium length appeared to be the most important OCT‐derived predictor of MSA, whereas stent expansion was mainly determined by total stent length.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1522-1946</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1522-726X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/ccd.30687</identifier><identifier>PMID: 37210611</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</publisher><subject>Calcification ; Calcification (ectopic) ; Calcium ; Coronary Angiography - methods ; Coronary artery ; coronary artery calcification ; Coronary Artery Disease - diagnostic imaging ; Coronary Artery Disease - pathology ; Coronary Artery Disease - therapy ; Coronary Vessels - diagnostic imaging ; Coronary Vessels - pathology ; Humans ; Implants ; Lesions ; minimal stent area ; optical coherence tomography ; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention - adverse effects ; percutaneous coronary interventions ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Retrospective Studies ; stent expansion ; Stents ; Tomography ; Tomography, Optical Coherence - methods ; Treatment Outcome ; Vascular Calcification - diagnostic imaging ; Vascular Calcification - pathology ; Vascular Calcification - therapy</subject><ispartof>Catheterization and cardiovascular interventions, 2023-07, Vol.102 (1), p.25-35</ispartof><rights>2023 The Authors. published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.</rights><rights>2023 The Authors. Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.</rights><rights>2023. This article is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3887-af497a6cf9849d7b754240f3fa16f8bd2ea4858acc1e8d2fb8b9cc86e19216183</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3887-af497a6cf9849d7b754240f3fa16f8bd2ea4858acc1e8d2fb8b9cc86e19216183</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-2344-6705 ; 0000-0002-2520-2042 ; 0000-0002-2544-5255 ; 0000-0002-8618-0318 ; 0000-0002-2732-1205 ; 0000-0001-9081-5518</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002%2Fccd.30687$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002%2Fccd.30687$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>315,782,786,1419,27933,27934,45583,45584</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37210611$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Ziedses des Plantes, Annemieke C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Scoccia, Alessandra</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Neleman, Tara</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Groenland, Frederik T. W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zandvoort, Laurens J. C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ligthart, Jurgen M. R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Witberg, Karen T.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Shengnan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Boersma, Eric</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nuis, Rutger‐Jan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dekker, Wijnand K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wilschut, Jeroen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Diletti, Roberto</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zijlstra, Felix</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Van Mieghem, Nicolas M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Daemen, Joost</creatorcontrib><title>Optical coherence tomography‐derived predictors of stent expansion in calcified lesions</title><title>Catheterization and cardiovascular interventions</title><addtitle>Catheter Cardiovasc Interv</addtitle><description>Background
Severe coronary artery calcification is associated with stent underexpansion and subsequent stent failure.
Aims
We aimed to identify optical coherence tomography (OCT)‐derived predictors of absolute (minimal stent area [MSA]) and relative stent expansion in calcified lesions.
Methods
This retrospective cohort study included patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with OCT assessment before and after stent implantation between May 2008 and April 2022. Pre‐PCI OCT was used to assess calcium burden and post‐PCI OCT was used to assess absolute and relative stent expansion.
Results
A total of 361 lesions in 336 patients were analyzed. Target lesion calcification (defined as OCT‐detected maximum calcium angle ≥ 30°) was present in 242 (67.0%) lesions. Following PCI, median MSA was 5.37 mm2 in calcified lesions and 6.24 mm2 in noncalcified lesions (p < 0.001). Median stent expansion was 78% in calcified lesions and 83% in noncalcified lesions (p = 0.325). In the subset of calcified lesions, average stent diameter, preprocedural minimal lumen area, and total calcium length were independent predictors of MSA in multivariable analysis (mean difference 2.69 mm2/mm2, 0.52 mm2/mm, and −0.28 mm2/5 mm, respectively, all p < 0.001). Total stent length was the only independent predictor of relative stent expansion (mean difference −0.465% per mm, p < 0.001). Calcium angle, thickness, and the presence of nodular calcification were not significantly associated with MSA or stent expansion in multivariable analyses.
Conclusion
Calcium length appeared to be the most important OCT‐derived predictor of MSA, whereas stent expansion was mainly determined by total stent length.</description><subject>Calcification</subject><subject>Calcification (ectopic)</subject><subject>Calcium</subject><subject>Coronary Angiography - methods</subject><subject>Coronary artery</subject><subject>coronary artery calcification</subject><subject>Coronary Artery Disease - diagnostic imaging</subject><subject>Coronary Artery Disease - pathology</subject><subject>Coronary Artery Disease - therapy</subject><subject>Coronary Vessels - diagnostic imaging</subject><subject>Coronary Vessels - pathology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Implants</subject><subject>Lesions</subject><subject>minimal stent area</subject><subject>optical coherence tomography</subject><subject>Percutaneous Coronary Intervention - adverse effects</subject><subject>percutaneous coronary interventions</subject><subject>Predictive Value of Tests</subject><subject>Retrospective Studies</subject><subject>stent expansion</subject><subject>Stents</subject><subject>Tomography</subject><subject>Tomography, Optical Coherence - methods</subject><subject>Treatment Outcome</subject><subject>Vascular Calcification - diagnostic imaging</subject><subject>Vascular Calcification - pathology</subject><subject>Vascular Calcification - therapy</subject><issn>1522-1946</issn><issn>1522-726X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>24P</sourceid><sourceid>WIN</sourceid><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp10E1LwzAcx_EgipvTg29ACl70sC1J2zwcZT6C4EVBTyVN_3GRrqlJp-7mS_A1-krM3PQgeEoIH76EH0L7BI8IxnSsdTVKMRN8A_VJTumQU3a_ub4TmbEe2gnhCWMsGZXbqJdySjAjpI8ebtrOalUn2k3BQ6Mh6dzMPXrVThef7x8VePsCVdJ6qKzunA-JM0nooOkSeGtVE6xrEtsksaGtsZHWsHwLu2jLqDrA3vocoLvzs9vJ5fD65uJqcnI91KkQfKhMJrli2kiRyYqXPM9ohk1qFGFGlBUFlYlcKK0JiIqaUpRSa8GASEoYEekAHa26rXfPcwhdMbNBQ12rBtw8FFQQxnPJWBbp4R_65Oa-ib-LKiUyT3mGozpeKe1dCB5M0Xo7U35REFws9y7i3sX33tEerIvzcgbVr_wZOILxCrzaGhb_l4rJ5HSV_AJ274sy</recordid><startdate>20230701</startdate><enddate>20230701</enddate><creator>Ziedses des Plantes, Annemieke C.</creator><creator>Scoccia, Alessandra</creator><creator>Neleman, Tara</creator><creator>Groenland, Frederik T. W.</creator><creator>Zandvoort, Laurens J. C.</creator><creator>Ligthart, Jurgen M. R.</creator><creator>Witberg, Karen T.</creator><creator>Liu, Shengnan</creator><creator>Boersma, Eric</creator><creator>Nuis, Rutger‐Jan</creator><creator>Dekker, Wijnand K.</creator><creator>Wilschut, Jeroen</creator><creator>Diletti, Roberto</creator><creator>Zijlstra, Felix</creator><creator>Van Mieghem, Nicolas M.</creator><creator>Daemen, Joost</creator><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</general><scope>24P</scope><scope>WIN</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2344-6705</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2520-2042</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2544-5255</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8618-0318</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2732-1205</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9081-5518</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20230701</creationdate><title>Optical coherence tomography‐derived predictors of stent expansion in calcified lesions</title><author>Ziedses des Plantes, Annemieke C. ; Scoccia, Alessandra ; Neleman, Tara ; Groenland, Frederik T. W. ; Zandvoort, Laurens J. C. ; Ligthart, Jurgen M. R. ; Witberg, Karen T. ; Liu, Shengnan ; Boersma, Eric ; Nuis, Rutger‐Jan ; Dekker, Wijnand K. ; Wilschut, Jeroen ; Diletti, Roberto ; Zijlstra, Felix ; Van Mieghem, Nicolas M. ; Daemen, Joost</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c3887-af497a6cf9849d7b754240f3fa16f8bd2ea4858acc1e8d2fb8b9cc86e19216183</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>Calcification</topic><topic>Calcification (ectopic)</topic><topic>Calcium</topic><topic>Coronary Angiography - methods</topic><topic>Coronary artery</topic><topic>coronary artery calcification</topic><topic>Coronary Artery Disease - diagnostic imaging</topic><topic>Coronary Artery Disease - pathology</topic><topic>Coronary Artery Disease - therapy</topic><topic>Coronary Vessels - diagnostic imaging</topic><topic>Coronary Vessels - pathology</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Implants</topic><topic>Lesions</topic><topic>minimal stent area</topic><topic>optical coherence tomography</topic><topic>Percutaneous Coronary Intervention - adverse effects</topic><topic>percutaneous coronary interventions</topic><topic>Predictive Value of Tests</topic><topic>Retrospective Studies</topic><topic>stent expansion</topic><topic>Stents</topic><topic>Tomography</topic><topic>Tomography, Optical Coherence - methods</topic><topic>Treatment Outcome</topic><topic>Vascular Calcification - diagnostic imaging</topic><topic>Vascular Calcification - pathology</topic><topic>Vascular Calcification - therapy</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Ziedses des Plantes, Annemieke C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Scoccia, Alessandra</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Neleman, Tara</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Groenland, Frederik T. W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zandvoort, Laurens J. C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ligthart, Jurgen M. R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Witberg, Karen T.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Shengnan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Boersma, Eric</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nuis, Rutger‐Jan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dekker, Wijnand K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wilschut, Jeroen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Diletti, Roberto</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zijlstra, Felix</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Van Mieghem, Nicolas M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Daemen, Joost</creatorcontrib><collection>Wiley Online Library (Open Access Collection)</collection><collection>Wiley Online Library (Open Access Collection)</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Catheterization and cardiovascular interventions</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Ziedses des Plantes, Annemieke C.</au><au>Scoccia, Alessandra</au><au>Neleman, Tara</au><au>Groenland, Frederik T. W.</au><au>Zandvoort, Laurens J. C.</au><au>Ligthart, Jurgen M. R.</au><au>Witberg, Karen T.</au><au>Liu, Shengnan</au><au>Boersma, Eric</au><au>Nuis, Rutger‐Jan</au><au>Dekker, Wijnand K.</au><au>Wilschut, Jeroen</au><au>Diletti, Roberto</au><au>Zijlstra, Felix</au><au>Van Mieghem, Nicolas M.</au><au>Daemen, Joost</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Optical coherence tomography‐derived predictors of stent expansion in calcified lesions</atitle><jtitle>Catheterization and cardiovascular interventions</jtitle><addtitle>Catheter Cardiovasc Interv</addtitle><date>2023-07-01</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>102</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>25</spage><epage>35</epage><pages>25-35</pages><issn>1522-1946</issn><eissn>1522-726X</eissn><abstract>Background
Severe coronary artery calcification is associated with stent underexpansion and subsequent stent failure.
Aims
We aimed to identify optical coherence tomography (OCT)‐derived predictors of absolute (minimal stent area [MSA]) and relative stent expansion in calcified lesions.
Methods
This retrospective cohort study included patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with OCT assessment before and after stent implantation between May 2008 and April 2022. Pre‐PCI OCT was used to assess calcium burden and post‐PCI OCT was used to assess absolute and relative stent expansion.
Results
A total of 361 lesions in 336 patients were analyzed. Target lesion calcification (defined as OCT‐detected maximum calcium angle ≥ 30°) was present in 242 (67.0%) lesions. Following PCI, median MSA was 5.37 mm2 in calcified lesions and 6.24 mm2 in noncalcified lesions (p < 0.001). Median stent expansion was 78% in calcified lesions and 83% in noncalcified lesions (p = 0.325). In the subset of calcified lesions, average stent diameter, preprocedural minimal lumen area, and total calcium length were independent predictors of MSA in multivariable analysis (mean difference 2.69 mm2/mm2, 0.52 mm2/mm, and −0.28 mm2/5 mm, respectively, all p < 0.001). Total stent length was the only independent predictor of relative stent expansion (mean difference −0.465% per mm, p < 0.001). Calcium angle, thickness, and the presence of nodular calcification were not significantly associated with MSA or stent expansion in multivariable analyses.
Conclusion
Calcium length appeared to be the most important OCT‐derived predictor of MSA, whereas stent expansion was mainly determined by total stent length.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</pub><pmid>37210611</pmid><doi>10.1002/ccd.30687</doi><tpages>11</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2344-6705</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2520-2042</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2544-5255</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8618-0318</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2732-1205</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9081-5518</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
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| ispartof | Catheterization and cardiovascular interventions, 2023-07, Vol.102 (1), p.25-35 |
| issn | 1522-1946 1522-726X |
| language | eng |
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| source | MEDLINE; Access via Wiley Online Library |
| subjects | Calcification Calcification (ectopic) Calcium Coronary Angiography - methods Coronary artery coronary artery calcification Coronary Artery Disease - diagnostic imaging Coronary Artery Disease - pathology Coronary Artery Disease - therapy Coronary Vessels - diagnostic imaging Coronary Vessels - pathology Humans Implants Lesions minimal stent area optical coherence tomography Percutaneous Coronary Intervention - adverse effects percutaneous coronary interventions Predictive Value of Tests Retrospective Studies stent expansion Stents Tomography Tomography, Optical Coherence - methods Treatment Outcome Vascular Calcification - diagnostic imaging Vascular Calcification - pathology Vascular Calcification - therapy |
| title | Optical coherence tomography‐derived predictors of stent expansion in calcified lesions |
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