Biosensors for prostate cancer detection

Prostate cancer (PC) is one of the most life-threatening diseases in men and causes numerous deaths worldwide. Early and on-time detection of PC could dramatically improve survival.Biomarkers are useful for detection and monitoring of PC due to their ease of sampling and abundancy. Biomarkers can also be used for designing reliable detection platforms.Various types of biosensors have provided simple, sensitive, specific, and cost-effective detection of PC biomarkers in patients’ biological fluids, such as serum and urine.Recent advances in designing and application of biosensing platforms pave the way toward their application in clinical practice. Prostate cancer (PC) is one of the most common tumors and a leading cause of mortality among men, resulting in ~375 000 deaths annually worldwide. Various analytical methods have been designed for quantitative and rapid detection of PC biomarkers. Electrochemical (EC), optical, and magnetic biosensors have been developed to detect tumor biomarkers in clinical and point-of-care (POC) settings. Although POC biosensors have shown potential for detection of PC biomarkers, some limitations, such as the sample preparation, should be considered. To tackle such shortcomings, new technologies have been utilized for development of more practical biosensors. Here, biosensing platforms for the detection of PC biomarkers such as immunosensors, aptasensors, genosensors, paper-based devices, microfluidic systems, and multiplex high-throughput platforms, are discussed.