Association of blood metals with serum sex hormones in adults: A cross-sectional study
Heavy metals such as lead, mercury, and cadmium have been identified to have negative impacts on human health. Although the individual effects of these metals have been extensively researched, the present study aims to explore their combined effects and their association with serum sex hormones amon...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Environmental science and pollution research international 2023-06, Vol.30 (26), p.69628-69638 |
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| creator | Liu, Qiongshan Hu, Shijian Fan, Fufang Zheng, Zhixiang Zhou, Xinye Zhang, Yuanfeng |
| description | Heavy metals such as lead, mercury, and cadmium have been identified to have negative impacts on human health. Although the individual effects of these metals have been extensively researched, the present study aims to explore their combined effects and their association with serum sex hormones among adults. Data for this study were obtained from the general adult population of the 2013-2016 National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES) and included five metal (mercury, cadmium, manganese, lead, and selenium) exposures and three sex hormones (total testosterone [TT], estradiol [E2], and sex hormone-binding globulin [SHBG]) levels. The free androgen index (FAI) and TT/E2 ratio were also calculated. The relationships between blood metals and serum sex hormones were analysed using linear regression and restricted cubic spline regression. The effect of blood metal mixtures on sex hormone levels was examined using the quantile g-computation (qgcomp) model. There were 3,499 participants in this study, including 1,940 males and 1,559 females. In males, positive relationships between blood cadmium and serum SHBG (β=0.049 [0.006, 0.093]), lead and SHBG (β=0.040 [0.002, 0.079]), manganese and FAI (β=0.080 [0.016, 0.144]), and selenium and FAI (β=0.278 [0.054, 0.502]) were observed. In contrast, manganese and SHBG (β=-0.137 [-0.237, -0.037]), selenium and SHBG (β=-0.281 [-0.533, -0.028]), and manganese and TT/E2 ratio (β=-0.094 [-0.158, -0.029]) were negative associations. In females, blood cadmium and serum TT (β=0.082 [0.023, 0.141]), manganese and E2 (β=0.282 [0.072, 0.493]), cadmium and SHBG (β=0.146 [0.089, 0.203]), lead and SHBG (β=0.163 [0.095, 0.231]), and lead and TT/E2 ratio (β=0.174 [0.056, 0.292]) were positive relationships, while lead and E2 (β=-0.168 [-0.315, -0.021]) and FAI (β=-0.157 [-0.228, -0.086]) were negative associations. This correlation was stronger among elderly women (>50 years old). The qgcomp analysis revealed that the positive effect of mixed metals on SHBG was mainly driven by cadmium, while the negative effect of mixed metals on FAI was mainly driven by lead. Our findings indicate that exposure to heavy metals may disrupt hormonal homeostasis in adults, particularly in older women. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s11356-023-27384-5 |
| format | Article |
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Although the individual effects of these metals have been extensively researched, the present study aims to explore their combined effects and their association with serum sex hormones among adults. Data for this study were obtained from the general adult population of the 2013-2016 National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES) and included five metal (mercury, cadmium, manganese, lead, and selenium) exposures and three sex hormones (total testosterone [TT], estradiol [E2], and sex hormone-binding globulin [SHBG]) levels. The free androgen index (FAI) and TT/E2 ratio were also calculated. The relationships between blood metals and serum sex hormones were analysed using linear regression and restricted cubic spline regression. The effect of blood metal mixtures on sex hormone levels was examined using the quantile g-computation (qgcomp) model. There were 3,499 participants in this study, including 1,940 males and 1,559 females. In males, positive relationships between blood cadmium and serum SHBG (β=0.049 [0.006, 0.093]), lead and SHBG (β=0.040 [0.002, 0.079]), manganese and FAI (β=0.080 [0.016, 0.144]), and selenium and FAI (β=0.278 [0.054, 0.502]) were observed. In contrast, manganese and SHBG (β=-0.137 [-0.237, -0.037]), selenium and SHBG (β=-0.281 [-0.533, -0.028]), and manganese and TT/E2 ratio (β=-0.094 [-0.158, -0.029]) were negative associations. In females, blood cadmium and serum TT (β=0.082 [0.023, 0.141]), manganese and E2 (β=0.282 [0.072, 0.493]), cadmium and SHBG (β=0.146 [0.089, 0.203]), lead and SHBG (β=0.163 [0.095, 0.231]), and lead and TT/E2 ratio (β=0.174 [0.056, 0.292]) were positive relationships, while lead and E2 (β=-0.168 [-0.315, -0.021]) and FAI (β=-0.157 [-0.228, -0.086]) were negative associations. This correlation was stronger among elderly women (>50 years old). The qgcomp analysis revealed that the positive effect of mixed metals on SHBG was mainly driven by cadmium, while the negative effect of mixed metals on FAI was mainly driven by lead. Our findings indicate that exposure to heavy metals may disrupt hormonal homeostasis in adults, particularly in older women.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1614-7499</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 0944-1344</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1614-7499</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27384-5</identifier><identifier>PMID: 37140863</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher><subject>17β-Estradiol ; Adult ; Adults ; Aged ; Aquatic Pollution ; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution ; Blood ; Blood levels ; Cadmium ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Earth and Environmental Science ; Ecotoxicology ; Environment ; Environmental Chemistry ; Environmental Health ; Environmental science ; Estradiol ; Female ; Females ; Globulins ; Gonadal Steroid Hormones ; Heavy metals ; Homeostasis ; Hormones ; Humans ; Lead ; Male ; Males ; Manganese ; Mercury ; Mercury (metal) ; Metals, Heavy ; Middle Aged ; Nutrition Surveys ; Research Article ; Selenium ; Sex hormones ; Testosterone ; Waste Water Technology ; Water Management ; Water Pollution Control ; Women</subject><ispartof>Environmental science and pollution research international, 2023-06, Vol.30 (26), p.69628-69638</ispartof><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2023. 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The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-d3720dab0fa0f63ee3da81ea20174413fa227a637ede1ce486b68df2ee77aa103</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-d3720dab0fa0f63ee3da81ea20174413fa227a637ede1ce486b68df2ee77aa103</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-4330-072X</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11356-023-27384-5$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11356-023-27384-5$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>315,781,785,27928,27929,41492,42561,51323</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37140863$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Liu, Qiongshan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hu, Shijian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fan, Fufang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zheng, Zhixiang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhou, Xinye</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Yuanfeng</creatorcontrib><title>Association of blood metals with serum sex hormones in adults: A cross-sectional study</title><title>Environmental science and pollution research international</title><addtitle>Environ Sci Pollut Res</addtitle><addtitle>Environ Sci Pollut Res Int</addtitle><description>Heavy metals such as lead, mercury, and cadmium have been identified to have negative impacts on human health. Although the individual effects of these metals have been extensively researched, the present study aims to explore their combined effects and their association with serum sex hormones among adults. Data for this study were obtained from the general adult population of the 2013-2016 National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES) and included five metal (mercury, cadmium, manganese, lead, and selenium) exposures and three sex hormones (total testosterone [TT], estradiol [E2], and sex hormone-binding globulin [SHBG]) levels. The free androgen index (FAI) and TT/E2 ratio were also calculated. The relationships between blood metals and serum sex hormones were analysed using linear regression and restricted cubic spline regression. The effect of blood metal mixtures on sex hormone levels was examined using the quantile g-computation (qgcomp) model. There were 3,499 participants in this study, including 1,940 males and 1,559 females. In males, positive relationships between blood cadmium and serum SHBG (β=0.049 [0.006, 0.093]), lead and SHBG (β=0.040 [0.002, 0.079]), manganese and FAI (β=0.080 [0.016, 0.144]), and selenium and FAI (β=0.278 [0.054, 0.502]) were observed. In contrast, manganese and SHBG (β=-0.137 [-0.237, -0.037]), selenium and SHBG (β=-0.281 [-0.533, -0.028]), and manganese and TT/E2 ratio (β=-0.094 [-0.158, -0.029]) were negative associations. In females, blood cadmium and serum TT (β=0.082 [0.023, 0.141]), manganese and E2 (β=0.282 [0.072, 0.493]), cadmium and SHBG (β=0.146 [0.089, 0.203]), lead and SHBG (β=0.163 [0.095, 0.231]), and lead and TT/E2 ratio (β=0.174 [0.056, 0.292]) were positive relationships, while lead and E2 (β=-0.168 [-0.315, -0.021]) and FAI (β=-0.157 [-0.228, -0.086]) were negative associations. This correlation was stronger among elderly women (>50 years old). The qgcomp analysis revealed that the positive effect of mixed metals on SHBG was mainly driven by cadmium, while the negative effect of mixed metals on FAI was mainly driven by lead. Our findings indicate that exposure to heavy metals may disrupt hormonal homeostasis in adults, particularly in older women.</description><subject>17β-Estradiol</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Adults</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Aquatic Pollution</subject><subject>Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution</subject><subject>Blood</subject><subject>Blood levels</subject><subject>Cadmium</subject><subject>Cross-Sectional Studies</subject><subject>Earth and Environmental Science</subject><subject>Ecotoxicology</subject><subject>Environment</subject><subject>Environmental Chemistry</subject><subject>Environmental Health</subject><subject>Environmental science</subject><subject>Estradiol</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Females</subject><subject>Globulins</subject><subject>Gonadal Steroid Hormones</subject><subject>Heavy metals</subject><subject>Homeostasis</subject><subject>Hormones</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Lead</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Males</subject><subject>Manganese</subject><subject>Mercury</subject><subject>Mercury (metal)</subject><subject>Metals, Heavy</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Nutrition Surveys</subject><subject>Research Article</subject><subject>Selenium</subject><subject>Sex hormones</subject><subject>Testosterone</subject><subject>Waste Water Technology</subject><subject>Water Management</subject><subject>Water Pollution 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of blood metals with serum sex hormones in adults: A cross-sectional study</title><author>Liu, Qiongshan ; Hu, Shijian ; Fan, Fufang ; Zheng, Zhixiang ; Zhou, Xinye ; Zhang, Yuanfeng</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-d3720dab0fa0f63ee3da81ea20174413fa227a637ede1ce486b68df2ee77aa103</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>17β-Estradiol</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Adults</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Aquatic Pollution</topic><topic>Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution</topic><topic>Blood</topic><topic>Blood levels</topic><topic>Cadmium</topic><topic>Cross-Sectional Studies</topic><topic>Earth and Environmental Science</topic><topic>Ecotoxicology</topic><topic>Environment</topic><topic>Environmental Chemistry</topic><topic>Environmental Health</topic><topic>Environmental 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serum sex hormones in adults: A cross-sectional study</atitle><jtitle>Environmental science and pollution research international</jtitle><stitle>Environ Sci Pollut Res</stitle><addtitle>Environ Sci Pollut Res Int</addtitle><date>2023-06-01</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>30</volume><issue>26</issue><spage>69628</spage><epage>69638</epage><pages>69628-69638</pages><issn>1614-7499</issn><issn>0944-1344</issn><eissn>1614-7499</eissn><abstract>Heavy metals such as lead, mercury, and cadmium have been identified to have negative impacts on human health. Although the individual effects of these metals have been extensively researched, the present study aims to explore their combined effects and their association with serum sex hormones among adults. Data for this study were obtained from the general adult population of the 2013-2016 National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES) and included five metal (mercury, cadmium, manganese, lead, and selenium) exposures and three sex hormones (total testosterone [TT], estradiol [E2], and sex hormone-binding globulin [SHBG]) levels. The free androgen index (FAI) and TT/E2 ratio were also calculated. The relationships between blood metals and serum sex hormones were analysed using linear regression and restricted cubic spline regression. The effect of blood metal mixtures on sex hormone levels was examined using the quantile g-computation (qgcomp) model. There were 3,499 participants in this study, including 1,940 males and 1,559 females. In males, positive relationships between blood cadmium and serum SHBG (β=0.049 [0.006, 0.093]), lead and SHBG (β=0.040 [0.002, 0.079]), manganese and FAI (β=0.080 [0.016, 0.144]), and selenium and FAI (β=0.278 [0.054, 0.502]) were observed. In contrast, manganese and SHBG (β=-0.137 [-0.237, -0.037]), selenium and SHBG (β=-0.281 [-0.533, -0.028]), and manganese and TT/E2 ratio (β=-0.094 [-0.158, -0.029]) were negative associations. In females, blood cadmium and serum TT (β=0.082 [0.023, 0.141]), manganese and E2 (β=0.282 [0.072, 0.493]), cadmium and SHBG (β=0.146 [0.089, 0.203]), lead and SHBG (β=0.163 [0.095, 0.231]), and lead and TT/E2 ratio (β=0.174 [0.056, 0.292]) were positive relationships, while lead and E2 (β=-0.168 [-0.315, -0.021]) and FAI (β=-0.157 [-0.228, -0.086]) were negative associations. This correlation was stronger among elderly women (>50 years old). The qgcomp analysis revealed that the positive effect of mixed metals on SHBG was mainly driven by cadmium, while the negative effect of mixed metals on FAI was mainly driven by lead. Our findings indicate that exposure to heavy metals may disrupt hormonal homeostasis in adults, particularly in older women.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</pub><pmid>37140863</pmid><doi>10.1007/s11356-023-27384-5</doi><tpages>11</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4330-072X</orcidid></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1614-7499 |
| ispartof | Environmental science and pollution research international, 2023-06, Vol.30 (26), p.69628-69638 |
| issn | 1614-7499 0944-1344 1614-7499 |
| language | eng |
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| source | MEDLINE; SpringerNature Journals |
| subjects | 17β-Estradiol Adult Adults Aged Aquatic Pollution Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution Blood Blood levels Cadmium Cross-Sectional Studies Earth and Environmental Science Ecotoxicology Environment Environmental Chemistry Environmental Health Environmental science Estradiol Female Females Globulins Gonadal Steroid Hormones Heavy metals Homeostasis Hormones Humans Lead Male Males Manganese Mercury Mercury (metal) Metals, Heavy Middle Aged Nutrition Surveys Research Article Selenium Sex hormones Testosterone Waste Water Technology Water Management Water Pollution Control Women |
| title | Association of blood metals with serum sex hormones in adults: A cross-sectional study |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2024-12-17T05%3A14%3A55IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_cross&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Association%20of%20blood%20metals%20with%20serum%20sex%20hormones%20in%20adults:%20A%20cross-sectional%20study&rft.jtitle=Environmental%20science%20and%20pollution%20research%20international&rft.au=Liu,%20Qiongshan&rft.date=2023-06-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=26&rft.spage=69628&rft.epage=69638&rft.pages=69628-69638&rft.issn=1614-7499&rft.eissn=1614-7499&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007/s11356-023-27384-5&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_cross%3E2819155383%3C/proquest_cross%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2819155383&rft_id=info:pmid/37140863&rfr_iscdi=true |