Prevention and Treatment of Nonfreezing Cold Injuries and Warm Water Immersion Tissue Injuries: A Supplement to the Wilderness Medical Society Clinical Practice Guidelines
We convened an expert panel to develop evidence-based guidelines for the evaluation, treatment, and prevention of nonfreezing cold injuries (NFCIs; trench foot and immersion foot) and warm water immersion injuries (warm water immersion foot and tropical immersion foot) in prehospital and hospital se...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Wilderness & environmental medicine 2023-06, Vol.34 (2), p.172-181 |
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| container_title | Wilderness & environmental medicine |
| container_volume | 34 |
| creator | Zafren, Ken Hollis, Sarah Weiss, Eric A. Danzl, Daniel Wilburn, Jessie Kimmel, Nadia Imray, Chris Giesbrecht, Gordon Tipton, Mike |
| description | We convened an expert panel to develop evidence-based guidelines for the evaluation,
treatment, and prevention of nonfreezing cold injuries (NFCIs; trench foot and immersion
foot) and warm water immersion injuries (warm water immersion foot and tropical immersion
foot) in prehospital and hospital settings. The panel graded the recommendations based on
the quality of supporting evidence and the balance between benefits and risks/burdens
according to the criteria published by the American College of Chest Physicians. Treatment
is more difficult with NFCIs than with warm water immersion injuries. In contrast to warm
water immersion injuries that usually resolve without sequelae, NFCIs may cause prolonged
debilitating symptoms, including neuropathic pain and cold sensitivity. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.wem.2023.02.006 |
| format | Article |
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treatment, and prevention of nonfreezing cold injuries (NFCIs; trench foot and immersion
foot) and warm water immersion injuries (warm water immersion foot and tropical immersion
foot) in prehospital and hospital settings. The panel graded the recommendations based on
the quality of supporting evidence and the balance between benefits and risks/burdens
according to the criteria published by the American College of Chest Physicians. Treatment
is more difficult with NFCIs than with warm water immersion injuries. In contrast to warm
water immersion injuries that usually resolve without sequelae, NFCIs may cause prolonged
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foot) and warm water immersion injuries (warm water immersion foot and tropical immersion
foot) in prehospital and hospital settings. The panel graded the recommendations based on
the quality of supporting evidence and the balance between benefits and risks/burdens
according to the criteria published by the American College of Chest Physicians. Treatment
is more difficult with NFCIs than with warm water immersion injuries. In contrast to warm
water immersion injuries that usually resolve without sequelae, NFCIs may cause prolonged
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treatment, and prevention of nonfreezing cold injuries (NFCIs; trench foot and immersion
foot) and warm water immersion injuries (warm water immersion foot and tropical immersion
foot) in prehospital and hospital settings. The panel graded the recommendations based on
the quality of supporting evidence and the balance between benefits and risks/burdens
according to the criteria published by the American College of Chest Physicians. Treatment
is more difficult with NFCIs than with warm water immersion injuries. In contrast to warm
water immersion injuries that usually resolve without sequelae, NFCIs may cause prolonged
debilitating symptoms, including neuropathic pain and cold sensitivity.</abstract><cop>Los Angeles, CA</cop><pub>SAGE Publications</pub><doi>10.1016/j.wem.2023.02.006</doi><tpages>10</tpages></addata></record> |
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| source | Access via SAGE; Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals Complete; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals |
| title | Prevention and Treatment of Nonfreezing Cold Injuries and Warm Water Immersion Tissue Injuries: A Supplement to the Wilderness Medical Society Clinical Practice Guidelines |
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