Characteristics of phenotypic antibiotic resistance of Helicobacter pylori and its correlation with genotypic antibiotic resistance: A retrospective study in Ningxia

Background Geographic differences exist in the antibiotic resistance patterns of Helicobacter pylori. Personalized treatment regimens based on local or individual resistance data are essential. We evaluated the current status of H. pylori resistance in Ningxia, analyzed resistance‐related factors, a...

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Veröffentlicht in:Helicobacter (Cambridge, Mass.) Mass.), 2023-06, Vol.28 (3), p.e12960-n/a
Hauptverfasser: Hu, Shengjuan, Zhou, Yan, Deng, Yanhong, Bo, Yang, Chen, Xianmei, Yang, Wei, Shi, Ruichun, Zhao, Wei, Hou, Zhanbing, Hu, Jianping, Liu, Jianguo, Zhang, Xilong, Yong, Heli, Wang, Ping, Li, Fei, Qi, Hailong, Wang, Xiaoyun, Jin, Lijuan, Cui, Ting, Yong, Haijiang, Li, Xue, Yang, Bin, Yu, Yuehua, Ma, Bin, Fu, Lei, Wang, Xuemei, Ma, Zhen, Tang, Na, You, Yanjie, Guo, Jianyang, Yu, Xiaobing, Yao, Li, Gao, Ruiping, Li, Yanling, Xin, Ruijuan, Liu, Jianfang, Cao, Zhenzi, Li, Hongliang, Ma, Linke, Ma, Shoucheng, Cao, Ying, Tang, Yuanyuan, Liu, Jun, Hao, Qian, Li, Xiaofei, Li, Xuemei, Mu, Rui, Niu, Min, Su, Xiaoming, Gao, Hengjun
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container_issue 3
container_start_page e12960
container_title Helicobacter (Cambridge, Mass.)
container_volume 28
creator Hu, Shengjuan
Zhou, Yan
Deng, Yanhong
Bo, Yang
Chen, Xianmei
Yang, Wei
Shi, Ruichun
Zhao, Wei
Hou, Zhanbing
Hu, Jianping
Liu, Jianguo
Zhang, Xilong
Yong, Heli
Wang, Ping
Li, Fei
Qi, Hailong
Wang, Xiaoyun
Jin, Lijuan
Cui, Ting
Yong, Haijiang
Li, Xue
Yang, Bin
Yu, Yuehua
Ma, Bin
Fu, Lei
Wang, Xuemei
Ma, Zhen
Tang, Na
You, Yanjie
Guo, Jianyang
Yu, Xiaobing
Yao, Li
Gao, Ruiping
Li, Yanling
Xin, Ruijuan
Liu, Jianfang
Cao, Zhenzi
Li, Hongliang
Ma, Linke
Ma, Shoucheng
Cao, Ying
Tang, Yuanyuan
Liu, Jun
Hao, Qian
Li, Xiaofei
Li, Xuemei
Mu, Rui
Niu, Min
Su, Xiaoming
Gao, Hengjun
description Background Geographic differences exist in the antibiotic resistance patterns of Helicobacter pylori. Personalized treatment regimens based on local or individual resistance data are essential. We evaluated the current status of H. pylori resistance in Ningxia, analyzed resistance‐related factors, and assessed the concordance of phenotypic and genotypic resistance. Methods Strains were isolated from the gastric mucosa of patients infected with H. pylori in Ningxia and relevant clinical information was collected. Phenotypic antibiotic susceptibility assays (Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion) and antibiotic resistance gene detection (Sanger sequencing) were performed. Results We isolated 1955 H. pylori strains. The resistance rates of H. pylori to amoxicillin, levofloxacin, clarithromycin, and metronidazole were 0.9%, 42.4%, 40.4%, and 94.2%, respectively. Only five tetracycline‐resistant and one furazolidone‐resistant strain were identified. Overall, 3.3% of the strains were sensitive to all six antibiotics. Multidrug‐resistant strains accounted for 22.9%, of which less than 20% were from Wuzhong. Strains isolated from women and patients with nonulcerative disease had higher rates of resistance to levofloxacin and clarithromycin. Higher rates of resistance to metronidazole, levofloxacin, and clarithromycin were observed in the older age group than in the younger age group. The kappa coefficients of phenotypic resistance and genotypic resistance for levofloxacin and clarithromycin were 0.830 and 0.809, respectively, whereas the remaining antibiotics showed poor agreement. Conclusion H. pylori antibiotic resistance is severe in Ningxia. Therefore, furazolidone, amoxicillin, and tetracycline are better choices for the empirical therapy of H. pylori infection in this region. Host sex, age, and the presence of ulcerative diseases may affect antibiotic resistance of the bacteria. Personalized therapy based on genetic testing for levofloxacin and clarithromycin resistance may be a future direction for the eradication therapy of H. pylori infection in Ningxia.
doi_str_mv 10.1111/hel.12960
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Personalized treatment regimens based on local or individual resistance data are essential. We evaluated the current status of H. pylori resistance in Ningxia, analyzed resistance‐related factors, and assessed the concordance of phenotypic and genotypic resistance. Methods Strains were isolated from the gastric mucosa of patients infected with H. pylori in Ningxia and relevant clinical information was collected. Phenotypic antibiotic susceptibility assays (Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion) and antibiotic resistance gene detection (Sanger sequencing) were performed. Results We isolated 1955 H. pylori strains. The resistance rates of H. pylori to amoxicillin, levofloxacin, clarithromycin, and metronidazole were 0.9%, 42.4%, 40.4%, and 94.2%, respectively. Only five tetracycline‐resistant and one furazolidone‐resistant strain were identified. Overall, 3.3% of the strains were sensitive to all six antibiotics. Multidrug‐resistant strains accounted for 22.9%, of which less than 20% were from Wuzhong. Strains isolated from women and patients with nonulcerative disease had higher rates of resistance to levofloxacin and clarithromycin. Higher rates of resistance to metronidazole, levofloxacin, and clarithromycin were observed in the older age group than in the younger age group. The kappa coefficients of phenotypic resistance and genotypic resistance for levofloxacin and clarithromycin were 0.830 and 0.809, respectively, whereas the remaining antibiotics showed poor agreement. Conclusion H. pylori antibiotic resistance is severe in Ningxia. Therefore, furazolidone, amoxicillin, and tetracycline are better choices for the empirical therapy of H. pylori infection in this region. Host sex, age, and the presence of ulcerative diseases may affect antibiotic resistance of the bacteria. Personalized therapy based on genetic testing for levofloxacin and clarithromycin resistance may be a future direction for the eradication therapy of H. pylori infection in Ningxia.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1083-4389</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1523-5378</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/hel.12960</identifier><identifier>PMID: 37042045</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</publisher><subject>Age ; Age groups ; Aged ; Amoxicillin ; Amoxicillin - therapeutic use ; Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology ; Anti-Bacterial Agents - therapeutic use ; Antibiotic resistance ; Antibiotics ; Clarithromycin ; Clarithromycin - pharmacology ; Clarithromycin - therapeutic use ; Customization ; Drug resistance ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Drug Resistance, Microbial ; Empirical analysis ; eradication therapy ; Female ; Furazolidone ; Furazolidone - therapeutic use ; gastric disease ; Gastric mucosa ; Gene sequencing ; Genetic screening ; genotype ; Helicobacter Infections - drug therapy ; Helicobacter Infections - microbiology ; Helicobacter pylori ; Humans ; Levofloxacin ; Levofloxacin - pharmacology ; Levofloxacin - therapeutic use ; Metronidazole ; Metronidazole - pharmacology ; Metronidazole - therapeutic use ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Patients ; phenotype ; Resistance factors ; Retrospective Studies ; Strains (organisms) ; Tetracycline - pharmacology ; Tetracycline - therapeutic use ; Therapy</subject><ispartof>Helicobacter (Cambridge, Mass.), 2023-06, Vol.28 (3), p.e12960-n/a</ispartof><rights>2023 The Authors. published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd.</rights><rights>2023 The Authors. Helicobacter published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd.</rights><rights>2023. This article is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). 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Personalized treatment regimens based on local or individual resistance data are essential. We evaluated the current status of H. pylori resistance in Ningxia, analyzed resistance‐related factors, and assessed the concordance of phenotypic and genotypic resistance. Methods Strains were isolated from the gastric mucosa of patients infected with H. pylori in Ningxia and relevant clinical information was collected. Phenotypic antibiotic susceptibility assays (Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion) and antibiotic resistance gene detection (Sanger sequencing) were performed. Results We isolated 1955 H. pylori strains. The resistance rates of H. pylori to amoxicillin, levofloxacin, clarithromycin, and metronidazole were 0.9%, 42.4%, 40.4%, and 94.2%, respectively. Only five tetracycline‐resistant and one furazolidone‐resistant strain were identified. Overall, 3.3% of the strains were sensitive to all six antibiotics. Multidrug‐resistant strains accounted for 22.9%, of which less than 20% were from Wuzhong. Strains isolated from women and patients with nonulcerative disease had higher rates of resistance to levofloxacin and clarithromycin. Higher rates of resistance to metronidazole, levofloxacin, and clarithromycin were observed in the older age group than in the younger age group. The kappa coefficients of phenotypic resistance and genotypic resistance for levofloxacin and clarithromycin were 0.830 and 0.809, respectively, whereas the remaining antibiotics showed poor agreement. Conclusion H. pylori antibiotic resistance is severe in Ningxia. Therefore, furazolidone, amoxicillin, and tetracycline are better choices for the empirical therapy of H. pylori infection in this region. Host sex, age, and the presence of ulcerative diseases may affect antibiotic resistance of the bacteria. Personalized therapy based on genetic testing for levofloxacin and clarithromycin resistance may be a future direction for the eradication therapy of H. pylori infection in Ningxia.</description><subject>Age</subject><subject>Age groups</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Amoxicillin</subject><subject>Amoxicillin - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology</subject><subject>Anti-Bacterial Agents - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Antibiotic resistance</subject><subject>Antibiotics</subject><subject>Clarithromycin</subject><subject>Clarithromycin - pharmacology</subject><subject>Clarithromycin - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Customization</subject><subject>Drug resistance</subject><subject>Drug Resistance, Bacterial</subject><subject>Drug Resistance, Microbial</subject><subject>Empirical analysis</subject><subject>eradication therapy</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Furazolidone</subject><subject>Furazolidone - therapeutic use</subject><subject>gastric disease</subject><subject>Gastric mucosa</subject><subject>Gene sequencing</subject><subject>Genetic screening</subject><subject>genotype</subject><subject>Helicobacter Infections - drug therapy</subject><subject>Helicobacter Infections - microbiology</subject><subject>Helicobacter pylori</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Levofloxacin</subject><subject>Levofloxacin - pharmacology</subject><subject>Levofloxacin - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Metronidazole</subject><subject>Metronidazole - pharmacology</subject><subject>Metronidazole - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Microbial Sensitivity Tests</subject><subject>Patients</subject><subject>phenotype</subject><subject>Resistance factors</subject><subject>Retrospective Studies</subject><subject>Strains (organisms)</subject><subject>Tetracycline - pharmacology</subject><subject>Tetracycline - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Therapy</subject><issn>1083-4389</issn><issn>1523-5378</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>24P</sourceid><sourceid>WIN</sourceid><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kctKxDAUhoMo3he-gATc6KKaW9vUnQzqCINudF3SNHWOdJqapGofyPc046gLQQMhycl3PhJ-hA4oOaVxnM1Ne0pZkZE1tE1TxpOU53I97onkieCy2EI73j8RQlIuik20xXMiGBHpNnqfzJVTOhgHPoD22Da4n5vOhrEHjVUXoAIbb7AzPiKq02bJTE0L2lafnbgfW-sgwjWG4LG2zplWBbAdfoUwx4__-87xRTwFZ31vdIAXg30Y6hFDh2-he3wDtYc2GtV6s_-17qKHq8v7yTSZ3V3fTC5mieZSkiQTVHIqKU2VZsuSIDLPCG2EqjImZdVwxmgeC1xzrpmkdVUrJUWcWpCC76Ljlbd39nkwPpQL8Nq0reqMHXzJJCFUFIRlET36hT7ZwXXxdUuq4DTPszxSJytKx995Z5qyd7BQbiwpKZfZlTG78jO7yB5-GYdqYeof8jusCJytgFdozfi3qZxezlbKD0bYpdI</recordid><startdate>202306</startdate><enddate>202306</enddate><creator>Hu, Shengjuan</creator><creator>Zhou, Yan</creator><creator>Deng, Yanhong</creator><creator>Bo, Yang</creator><creator>Chen, Xianmei</creator><creator>Yang, Wei</creator><creator>Shi, Ruichun</creator><creator>Zhao, Wei</creator><creator>Hou, Zhanbing</creator><creator>Hu, Jianping</creator><creator>Liu, Jianguo</creator><creator>Zhang, Xilong</creator><creator>Yong, Heli</creator><creator>Wang, Ping</creator><creator>Li, Fei</creator><creator>Qi, Hailong</creator><creator>Wang, Xiaoyun</creator><creator>Jin, Lijuan</creator><creator>Cui, Ting</creator><creator>Yong, Haijiang</creator><creator>Li, Xue</creator><creator>Yang, Bin</creator><creator>Yu, Yuehua</creator><creator>Ma, Bin</creator><creator>Fu, Lei</creator><creator>Wang, Xuemei</creator><creator>Ma, Zhen</creator><creator>Tang, Na</creator><creator>You, Yanjie</creator><creator>Guo, Jianyang</creator><creator>Yu, Xiaobing</creator><creator>Yao, Li</creator><creator>Gao, Ruiping</creator><creator>Li, Yanling</creator><creator>Xin, Ruijuan</creator><creator>Liu, Jianfang</creator><creator>Cao, Zhenzi</creator><creator>Li, Hongliang</creator><creator>Ma, Linke</creator><creator>Ma, Shoucheng</creator><creator>Cao, Ying</creator><creator>Tang, Yuanyuan</creator><creator>Liu, Jun</creator><creator>Hao, Qian</creator><creator>Li, Xiaofei</creator><creator>Li, Xuemei</creator><creator>Mu, Rui</creator><creator>Niu, Min</creator><creator>Su, Xiaoming</creator><creator>Gao, Hengjun</creator><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</general><scope>24P</scope><scope>WIN</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6676-8800</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>202306</creationdate><title>Characteristics of phenotypic antibiotic resistance of Helicobacter pylori and its correlation with genotypic antibiotic resistance: A retrospective study in Ningxia</title><author>Hu, Shengjuan ; Zhou, Yan ; Deng, Yanhong ; Bo, Yang ; Chen, Xianmei ; Yang, Wei ; Shi, Ruichun ; Zhao, Wei ; Hou, Zhanbing ; Hu, Jianping ; Liu, Jianguo ; Zhang, Xilong ; Yong, Heli ; Wang, Ping ; Li, Fei ; Qi, Hailong ; Wang, Xiaoyun ; Jin, Lijuan ; Cui, Ting ; Yong, Haijiang ; Li, Xue ; Yang, Bin ; Yu, Yuehua ; Ma, Bin ; Fu, Lei ; Wang, Xuemei ; Ma, Zhen ; Tang, Na ; You, Yanjie ; Guo, Jianyang ; Yu, Xiaobing ; Yao, Li ; Gao, Ruiping ; Li, Yanling ; Xin, Ruijuan ; Liu, Jianfang ; Cao, Zhenzi ; Li, Hongliang ; Ma, Linke ; Ma, Shoucheng ; Cao, Ying ; Tang, Yuanyuan ; Liu, Jun ; Hao, Qian ; Li, Xiaofei ; Li, Xuemei ; Mu, Rui ; Niu, Min ; Su, Xiaoming ; Gao, Hengjun</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c3880-6418318115ac2c3884087601f4ab6288bf3221701f3c33c281dbdaa84aa8c4093</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>Age</topic><topic>Age groups</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Amoxicillin</topic><topic>Amoxicillin - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology</topic><topic>Anti-Bacterial Agents - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Antibiotic resistance</topic><topic>Antibiotics</topic><topic>Clarithromycin</topic><topic>Clarithromycin - pharmacology</topic><topic>Clarithromycin - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Customization</topic><topic>Drug resistance</topic><topic>Drug Resistance, Bacterial</topic><topic>Drug Resistance, Microbial</topic><topic>Empirical analysis</topic><topic>eradication therapy</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Furazolidone</topic><topic>Furazolidone - therapeutic use</topic><topic>gastric disease</topic><topic>Gastric mucosa</topic><topic>Gene sequencing</topic><topic>Genetic screening</topic><topic>genotype</topic><topic>Helicobacter Infections - drug therapy</topic><topic>Helicobacter Infections - microbiology</topic><topic>Helicobacter pylori</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Levofloxacin</topic><topic>Levofloxacin - pharmacology</topic><topic>Levofloxacin - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Metronidazole</topic><topic>Metronidazole - pharmacology</topic><topic>Metronidazole - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Microbial Sensitivity Tests</topic><topic>Patients</topic><topic>phenotype</topic><topic>Resistance factors</topic><topic>Retrospective Studies</topic><topic>Strains (organisms)</topic><topic>Tetracycline - pharmacology</topic><topic>Tetracycline - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Therapy</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Hu, Shengjuan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhou, Yan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Deng, Yanhong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bo, Yang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Xianmei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yang, Wei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shi, Ruichun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhao, Wei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hou, Zhanbing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hu, Jianping</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Jianguo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Xilong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yong, Heli</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Ping</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Fei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Qi, Hailong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Xiaoyun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jin, Lijuan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cui, Ting</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yong, Haijiang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Xue</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yang, Bin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yu, Yuehua</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ma, Bin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fu, Lei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Xuemei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ma, Zhen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tang, Na</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>You, Yanjie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Guo, Jianyang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yu, Xiaobing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yao, Li</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gao, Ruiping</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Yanling</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xin, Ruijuan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Jianfang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cao, Zhenzi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Hongliang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ma, Linke</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ma, Shoucheng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cao, Ying</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tang, Yuanyuan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Jun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hao, Qian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Xiaofei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Xuemei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mu, Rui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Niu, Min</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Su, Xiaoming</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gao, Hengjun</creatorcontrib><collection>Wiley-Blackwell Open Access Titles</collection><collection>Wiley Free Content</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest Health &amp; Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Helicobacter (Cambridge, Mass.)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Hu, Shengjuan</au><au>Zhou, Yan</au><au>Deng, Yanhong</au><au>Bo, Yang</au><au>Chen, Xianmei</au><au>Yang, Wei</au><au>Shi, Ruichun</au><au>Zhao, Wei</au><au>Hou, Zhanbing</au><au>Hu, Jianping</au><au>Liu, Jianguo</au><au>Zhang, Xilong</au><au>Yong, Heli</au><au>Wang, Ping</au><au>Li, Fei</au><au>Qi, Hailong</au><au>Wang, Xiaoyun</au><au>Jin, Lijuan</au><au>Cui, Ting</au><au>Yong, Haijiang</au><au>Li, Xue</au><au>Yang, Bin</au><au>Yu, Yuehua</au><au>Ma, Bin</au><au>Fu, Lei</au><au>Wang, Xuemei</au><au>Ma, Zhen</au><au>Tang, Na</au><au>You, Yanjie</au><au>Guo, Jianyang</au><au>Yu, Xiaobing</au><au>Yao, Li</au><au>Gao, Ruiping</au><au>Li, Yanling</au><au>Xin, Ruijuan</au><au>Liu, Jianfang</au><au>Cao, Zhenzi</au><au>Li, Hongliang</au><au>Ma, Linke</au><au>Ma, Shoucheng</au><au>Cao, Ying</au><au>Tang, Yuanyuan</au><au>Liu, Jun</au><au>Hao, Qian</au><au>Li, Xiaofei</au><au>Li, Xuemei</au><au>Mu, Rui</au><au>Niu, Min</au><au>Su, Xiaoming</au><au>Gao, Hengjun</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Characteristics of phenotypic antibiotic resistance of Helicobacter pylori and its correlation with genotypic antibiotic resistance: A retrospective study in Ningxia</atitle><jtitle>Helicobacter (Cambridge, Mass.)</jtitle><addtitle>Helicobacter</addtitle><date>2023-06</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>28</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>e12960</spage><epage>n/a</epage><pages>e12960-n/a</pages><issn>1083-4389</issn><eissn>1523-5378</eissn><abstract>Background Geographic differences exist in the antibiotic resistance patterns of Helicobacter pylori. Personalized treatment regimens based on local or individual resistance data are essential. We evaluated the current status of H. pylori resistance in Ningxia, analyzed resistance‐related factors, and assessed the concordance of phenotypic and genotypic resistance. Methods Strains were isolated from the gastric mucosa of patients infected with H. pylori in Ningxia and relevant clinical information was collected. Phenotypic antibiotic susceptibility assays (Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion) and antibiotic resistance gene detection (Sanger sequencing) were performed. Results We isolated 1955 H. pylori strains. The resistance rates of H. pylori to amoxicillin, levofloxacin, clarithromycin, and metronidazole were 0.9%, 42.4%, 40.4%, and 94.2%, respectively. Only five tetracycline‐resistant and one furazolidone‐resistant strain were identified. Overall, 3.3% of the strains were sensitive to all six antibiotics. Multidrug‐resistant strains accounted for 22.9%, of which less than 20% were from Wuzhong. Strains isolated from women and patients with nonulcerative disease had higher rates of resistance to levofloxacin and clarithromycin. Higher rates of resistance to metronidazole, levofloxacin, and clarithromycin were observed in the older age group than in the younger age group. The kappa coefficients of phenotypic resistance and genotypic resistance for levofloxacin and clarithromycin were 0.830 and 0.809, respectively, whereas the remaining antibiotics showed poor agreement. Conclusion H. pylori antibiotic resistance is severe in Ningxia. Therefore, furazolidone, amoxicillin, and tetracycline are better choices for the empirical therapy of H. pylori infection in this region. Host sex, age, and the presence of ulcerative diseases may affect antibiotic resistance of the bacteria. Personalized therapy based on genetic testing for levofloxacin and clarithromycin resistance may be a future direction for the eradication therapy of H. pylori infection in Ningxia.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</pub><pmid>37042045</pmid><doi>10.1111/hel.12960</doi><tpages>11</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6676-8800</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
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subjects Age
Age groups
Aged
Amoxicillin
Amoxicillin - therapeutic use
Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology
Anti-Bacterial Agents - therapeutic use
Antibiotic resistance
Antibiotics
Clarithromycin
Clarithromycin - pharmacology
Clarithromycin - therapeutic use
Customization
Drug resistance
Drug Resistance, Bacterial
Drug Resistance, Microbial
Empirical analysis
eradication therapy
Female
Furazolidone
Furazolidone - therapeutic use
gastric disease
Gastric mucosa
Gene sequencing
Genetic screening
genotype
Helicobacter Infections - drug therapy
Helicobacter Infections - microbiology
Helicobacter pylori
Humans
Levofloxacin
Levofloxacin - pharmacology
Levofloxacin - therapeutic use
Metronidazole
Metronidazole - pharmacology
Metronidazole - therapeutic use
Microbial Sensitivity Tests
Patients
phenotype
Resistance factors
Retrospective Studies
Strains (organisms)
Tetracycline - pharmacology
Tetracycline - therapeutic use
Therapy
title Characteristics of phenotypic antibiotic resistance of Helicobacter pylori and its correlation with genotypic antibiotic resistance: A retrospective study in Ningxia
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