SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody dynamics over time and risk factors associated with infection and long COVID‐19 symptoms in large working environments
Background Factors influencing SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody dynamics, transmission, waning and long COVID‐19 symptomatology are still not fully understood. Methods In the Danish section of the Novo Nordisk Group, we performed a prospective seroepidemiological study during the first and second waves of the CO...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of internal medicine 2023-06, Vol.293 (6), p.763-781 |
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| creator | Hansen, Cecilie Bo Dvoncova, Kristina Pérez‐Alós, Laura Fogh, Kamille Madsen, Johannes Roth Garred, Caroline Hartwell Jarlhelt, Ida Nielsen, Pernille Brok Petersen, Steffan Svejgaard Fjordager, Charlotte Gandsø Lauritsen, Klara Tølbøll Hilsted, Linda Boding, Lasse Iversen, Kasper Karmark Hyveled, Liselotte Garred, Peter |
| description | Background
Factors influencing SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody dynamics, transmission, waning and long COVID‐19 symptomatology are still not fully understood.
Methods
In the Danish section of the Novo Nordisk Group, we performed a prospective seroepidemiological study during the first and second waves of the COVID‐19 pandemic. All employees and their household members (>18 years) were invited to participate in a baseline (June–August 2020), 6‐month follow‐up (December 2020–January 2021), and 12‐month follow‐up (August 2021) sampling. In total, 18,614 accepted and provided at least one blood sample and completed a questionnaire regarding socioeconomic background, health status, previous SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, and persistent symptoms. Total antibody and specific IgM, IgG and IgA levels against recombinant receptor binding domain were tested.
Results
At baseline, the SARS‐CoV‐2‐antibody seroprevalence was 3.9%. At 6‐month follow‐up, the seroprevalence was 9.1%, while at 12‐month follow‐up, the seroprevalence was 94.4% (after the vaccine roll‐out). Male sex and younger age (18–40 years) were significant risk factors for seropositivity. From baseline to the 6‐month sampling, we observed a substantial waning of IgM, IgG and IgA levels (p |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/joim.13637 |
| format | Article |
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Factors influencing SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody dynamics, transmission, waning and long COVID‐19 symptomatology are still not fully understood.
Methods
In the Danish section of the Novo Nordisk Group, we performed a prospective seroepidemiological study during the first and second waves of the COVID‐19 pandemic. All employees and their household members (>18 years) were invited to participate in a baseline (June–August 2020), 6‐month follow‐up (December 2020–January 2021), and 12‐month follow‐up (August 2021) sampling. In total, 18,614 accepted and provided at least one blood sample and completed a questionnaire regarding socioeconomic background, health status, previous SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, and persistent symptoms. Total antibody and specific IgM, IgG and IgA levels against recombinant receptor binding domain were tested.
Results
At baseline, the SARS‐CoV‐2‐antibody seroprevalence was 3.9%. At 6‐month follow‐up, the seroprevalence was 9.1%, while at 12‐month follow‐up, the seroprevalence was 94.4% (after the vaccine roll‐out). Male sex and younger age (18–40 years) were significant risk factors for seropositivity. From baseline to the 6‐month sampling, we observed a substantial waning of IgM, IgG and IgA levels (p < 0.001), regardless of age, sex and initial antibody level. An increased antibody level was found in individuals infected prior to vaccination compared to vaccinated infection naïves (p < 0.0001). Approximately a third of the seropositive individuals reported one or more persistent COVID‐19 symptoms, with anosmia and/or ageusia (17.5%) and fatigue (15.3%) being the most prevalent.
Conclusion
The study provides a comprehensive insight into SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody seroprevalence following infection and vaccination, waning, persistent COVID‐19 symptomatology and risk factors for seropositivity in large working environments.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0954-6820</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1365-2796</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/joim.13637</identifier><identifier>PMID: 37024264</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adult ; Anosmia ; Antibodies ; Antibodies, Viral ; antibody ; COVID-19 ; COVID-19 - epidemiology ; COVID-19 vaccines ; Health risks ; Humans ; Immunization ; Immunoglobulin A ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunoglobulin M ; infection ; Infections ; Long COVID ; Male ; Pandemics ; Persistent infection ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Sampling ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Seroepidemiologic Studies ; Seroepidemiology ; Serology ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; Sex ; transmission ; Vaccines ; Viral diseases ; waning ; Working Conditions ; working environment ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>Journal of internal medicine, 2023-06, Vol.293 (6), p.763-781</ispartof><rights>2023 The Authors. published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Association for Publication of The Journal of Internal Medicine.</rights><rights>2023 The Authors. Journal of Internal Medicine published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Association for Publication of The Journal of Internal Medicine.</rights><rights>2023. This article is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3937-68a0ac5682f02bdf70fa3dbe46ce470fc4760e8f3455ad09b3a91f3694e0fe053</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3937-68a0ac5682f02bdf70fa3dbe46ce470fc4760e8f3455ad09b3a91f3694e0fe053</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-7709-4522 ; 0000-0003-0504-8487 ; 0000-0002-2876-8586 ; 0000-0003-3083-5992</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111%2Fjoim.13637$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111%2Fjoim.13637$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,1417,27924,27925,45574,45575</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37024264$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Hansen, Cecilie Bo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dvoncova, Kristina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pérez‐Alós, Laura</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fogh, Kamille</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Madsen, Johannes Roth</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Garred, Caroline Hartwell</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jarlhelt, Ida</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nielsen, Pernille Brok</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Petersen, Steffan Svejgaard</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fjordager, Charlotte Gandsø</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lauritsen, Klara Tølbøll</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hilsted, Linda</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Boding, Lasse</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Iversen, Kasper Karmark</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hyveled, Liselotte</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Garred, Peter</creatorcontrib><title>SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody dynamics over time and risk factors associated with infection and long COVID‐19 symptoms in large working environments</title><title>Journal of internal medicine</title><addtitle>J Intern Med</addtitle><description>Background
Factors influencing SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody dynamics, transmission, waning and long COVID‐19 symptomatology are still not fully understood.
Methods
In the Danish section of the Novo Nordisk Group, we performed a prospective seroepidemiological study during the first and second waves of the COVID‐19 pandemic. All employees and their household members (>18 years) were invited to participate in a baseline (June–August 2020), 6‐month follow‐up (December 2020–January 2021), and 12‐month follow‐up (August 2021) sampling. In total, 18,614 accepted and provided at least one blood sample and completed a questionnaire regarding socioeconomic background, health status, previous SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, and persistent symptoms. Total antibody and specific IgM, IgG and IgA levels against recombinant receptor binding domain were tested.
Results
At baseline, the SARS‐CoV‐2‐antibody seroprevalence was 3.9%. At 6‐month follow‐up, the seroprevalence was 9.1%, while at 12‐month follow‐up, the seroprevalence was 94.4% (after the vaccine roll‐out). Male sex and younger age (18–40 years) were significant risk factors for seropositivity. From baseline to the 6‐month sampling, we observed a substantial waning of IgM, IgG and IgA levels (p < 0.001), regardless of age, sex and initial antibody level. An increased antibody level was found in individuals infected prior to vaccination compared to vaccinated infection naïves (p < 0.0001). Approximately a third of the seropositive individuals reported one or more persistent COVID‐19 symptoms, with anosmia and/or ageusia (17.5%) and fatigue (15.3%) being the most prevalent.
Conclusion
The study provides a comprehensive insight into SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody seroprevalence following infection and vaccination, waning, persistent COVID‐19 symptomatology and risk factors for seropositivity in large working environments.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Anosmia</subject><subject>Antibodies</subject><subject>Antibodies, Viral</subject><subject>antibody</subject><subject>COVID-19</subject><subject>COVID-19 - epidemiology</subject><subject>COVID-19 vaccines</subject><subject>Health risks</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Immunization</subject><subject>Immunoglobulin A</subject><subject>Immunoglobulin G</subject><subject>Immunoglobulin M</subject><subject>infection</subject><subject>Infections</subject><subject>Long COVID</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Pandemics</subject><subject>Persistent infection</subject><subject>Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome</subject><subject>Prospective Studies</subject><subject>Risk Factors</subject><subject>Sampling</subject><subject>SARS-CoV-2</subject><subject>Seroepidemiologic Studies</subject><subject>Seroepidemiology</subject><subject>Serology</subject><subject>Severe acute respiratory syndrome</subject><subject>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2</subject><subject>Sex</subject><subject>transmission</subject><subject>Vaccines</subject><subject>Viral diseases</subject><subject>waning</subject><subject>Working Conditions</subject><subject>working environment</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>0954-6820</issn><issn>1365-2796</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>24P</sourceid><sourceid>WIN</sourceid><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kctuEzEUhi0EoqGw4QGQJTYIKcW38WSWVbgFFUWi0K3l8RwXp2M72E6j2fEIfUaeBLcpLFjghY-s8-mTz_kRek7JCa3nzSY6f0K55O0DNKu1mbO2kw_RjHSNmMsFI0foSc4bQignkjxGR7wlTDApZujm_PTL-a-fN8t4UW-GdSiuj8OEhylo70zG8RoSLs5D7Q04uXyFrTYlpox1ztE4XWDAe1e-YxcsmOJiuEPHGC7xcn2xelvNtMN58tsSfa4YHnW6BLyP6cpVCMK1SzF4CCU_RY-sHjM8u6_H6Nv7d1-XH-dn6w-r5enZ3PCOt3UqTbRp6nCWsH6wLbGaDz0IaUDUhxGtJLCwXDSNHkjXc91Ry2UngFggDT9Grw7ebYo_dpCL8i4bGEcdIO6yqitctLShglX05T_oJu5SqL9TbEFZK4Vsukq9PlAmxZwTWLVNzus0KUrUbU7qNid1l1OFX9wrd72H4S_6J5gK0AOwdyNM_1GpT-vV54P0N3nyoVk</recordid><startdate>202306</startdate><enddate>202306</enddate><creator>Hansen, Cecilie Bo</creator><creator>Dvoncova, Kristina</creator><creator>Pérez‐Alós, Laura</creator><creator>Fogh, Kamille</creator><creator>Madsen, Johannes Roth</creator><creator>Garred, Caroline Hartwell</creator><creator>Jarlhelt, Ida</creator><creator>Nielsen, Pernille Brok</creator><creator>Petersen, Steffan Svejgaard</creator><creator>Fjordager, Charlotte Gandsø</creator><creator>Lauritsen, Klara Tølbøll</creator><creator>Hilsted, Linda</creator><creator>Boding, Lasse</creator><creator>Iversen, Kasper Karmark</creator><creator>Hyveled, Liselotte</creator><creator>Garred, Peter</creator><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><scope>24P</scope><scope>WIN</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7709-4522</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0504-8487</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2876-8586</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3083-5992</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>202306</creationdate><title>SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody dynamics over time and risk factors associated with infection and long COVID‐19 symptoms in large working environments</title><author>Hansen, Cecilie Bo ; Dvoncova, Kristina ; Pérez‐Alós, Laura ; Fogh, Kamille ; Madsen, Johannes Roth ; Garred, Caroline Hartwell ; Jarlhelt, Ida ; Nielsen, Pernille Brok ; Petersen, Steffan Svejgaard ; Fjordager, Charlotte Gandsø ; Lauritsen, Klara Tølbøll ; Hilsted, Linda ; Boding, Lasse ; Iversen, Kasper Karmark ; Hyveled, Liselotte ; Garred, Peter</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c3937-68a0ac5682f02bdf70fa3dbe46ce470fc4760e8f3455ad09b3a91f3694e0fe053</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Anosmia</topic><topic>Antibodies</topic><topic>Antibodies, Viral</topic><topic>antibody</topic><topic>COVID-19</topic><topic>COVID-19 - epidemiology</topic><topic>COVID-19 vaccines</topic><topic>Health risks</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Immunization</topic><topic>Immunoglobulin A</topic><topic>Immunoglobulin G</topic><topic>Immunoglobulin M</topic><topic>infection</topic><topic>Infections</topic><topic>Long COVID</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Pandemics</topic><topic>Persistent infection</topic><topic>Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome</topic><topic>Prospective Studies</topic><topic>Risk Factors</topic><topic>Sampling</topic><topic>SARS-CoV-2</topic><topic>Seroepidemiologic Studies</topic><topic>Seroepidemiology</topic><topic>Serology</topic><topic>Severe acute respiratory syndrome</topic><topic>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2</topic><topic>Sex</topic><topic>transmission</topic><topic>Vaccines</topic><topic>Viral diseases</topic><topic>waning</topic><topic>Working Conditions</topic><topic>working environment</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Hansen, Cecilie Bo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dvoncova, Kristina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pérez‐Alós, Laura</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fogh, Kamille</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Madsen, Johannes Roth</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Garred, Caroline Hartwell</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jarlhelt, Ida</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nielsen, Pernille Brok</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Petersen, Steffan Svejgaard</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fjordager, Charlotte Gandsø</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lauritsen, Klara Tølbøll</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hilsted, Linda</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Boding, Lasse</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Iversen, Kasper Karmark</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hyveled, Liselotte</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Garred, Peter</creatorcontrib><collection>Wiley-Blackwell Open Access Titles</collection><collection>Wiley Free Content</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Journal of internal medicine</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Hansen, Cecilie Bo</au><au>Dvoncova, Kristina</au><au>Pérez‐Alós, Laura</au><au>Fogh, Kamille</au><au>Madsen, Johannes Roth</au><au>Garred, Caroline Hartwell</au><au>Jarlhelt, Ida</au><au>Nielsen, Pernille Brok</au><au>Petersen, Steffan Svejgaard</au><au>Fjordager, Charlotte Gandsø</au><au>Lauritsen, Klara Tølbøll</au><au>Hilsted, Linda</au><au>Boding, Lasse</au><au>Iversen, Kasper Karmark</au><au>Hyveled, Liselotte</au><au>Garred, Peter</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody dynamics over time and risk factors associated with infection and long COVID‐19 symptoms in large working environments</atitle><jtitle>Journal of internal medicine</jtitle><addtitle>J Intern Med</addtitle><date>2023-06</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>293</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>763</spage><epage>781</epage><pages>763-781</pages><issn>0954-6820</issn><eissn>1365-2796</eissn><abstract>Background
Factors influencing SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody dynamics, transmission, waning and long COVID‐19 symptomatology are still not fully understood.
Methods
In the Danish section of the Novo Nordisk Group, we performed a prospective seroepidemiological study during the first and second waves of the COVID‐19 pandemic. All employees and their household members (>18 years) were invited to participate in a baseline (June–August 2020), 6‐month follow‐up (December 2020–January 2021), and 12‐month follow‐up (August 2021) sampling. In total, 18,614 accepted and provided at least one blood sample and completed a questionnaire regarding socioeconomic background, health status, previous SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, and persistent symptoms. Total antibody and specific IgM, IgG and IgA levels against recombinant receptor binding domain were tested.
Results
At baseline, the SARS‐CoV‐2‐antibody seroprevalence was 3.9%. At 6‐month follow‐up, the seroprevalence was 9.1%, while at 12‐month follow‐up, the seroprevalence was 94.4% (after the vaccine roll‐out). Male sex and younger age (18–40 years) were significant risk factors for seropositivity. From baseline to the 6‐month sampling, we observed a substantial waning of IgM, IgG and IgA levels (p < 0.001), regardless of age, sex and initial antibody level. An increased antibody level was found in individuals infected prior to vaccination compared to vaccinated infection naïves (p < 0.0001). Approximately a third of the seropositive individuals reported one or more persistent COVID‐19 symptoms, with anosmia and/or ageusia (17.5%) and fatigue (15.3%) being the most prevalent.
Conclusion
The study provides a comprehensive insight into SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody seroprevalence following infection and vaccination, waning, persistent COVID‐19 symptomatology and risk factors for seropositivity in large working environments.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><pmid>37024264</pmid><doi>10.1111/joim.13637</doi><tpages>19</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7709-4522</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0504-8487</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2876-8586</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3083-5992</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Journal of internal medicine, 2023-06, Vol.293 (6), p.763-781 |
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| subjects | Adolescent Adult Anosmia Antibodies Antibodies, Viral antibody COVID-19 COVID-19 - epidemiology COVID-19 vaccines Health risks Humans Immunization Immunoglobulin A Immunoglobulin G Immunoglobulin M infection Infections Long COVID Male Pandemics Persistent infection Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome Prospective Studies Risk Factors Sampling SARS-CoV-2 Seroepidemiologic Studies Seroepidemiology Serology Severe acute respiratory syndrome Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Sex transmission Vaccines Viral diseases waning Working Conditions working environment Young Adult |
| title | SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody dynamics over time and risk factors associated with infection and long COVID‐19 symptoms in large working environments |
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