Does excessive energy utilization and expansion of urbanization increase carbon dioxide emission in Belt and Road economies?
The phenomenal increase in global temperature and variation in climate change are the replications of nature, alarming governments to limit the emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and adopt green innovation and environmental-friendly clean and green technologies. In this paper, we empirically in...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Environmental science and pollution research international 2023-05, Vol.30 (21), p.60080-60105 |
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The phenomenal increase in global temperature and variation in climate change are the replications of nature, alarming governments to limit the emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and adopt green innovation and environmental-friendly clean and green technologies. In this paper, we empirically investigate whether there are any changes in excessive consumption of energy from conventional sources, expansion of urbanization, carbon dioxide (CO
2
) emissions, and economic growth in six different regions, namely, East Asia (EA), South Asia (SA), Southeast Asia (SEA), Central Asia (CA), Eastern Europe (EE), and the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), under the Belt and Road Initiatives of panel data over the period of 1985 to 2017. The empirical methods include a panel co-integration check, heterogeneity test, panel Granger causality test, pooled mean group (PMG), and augmented mean group (AMG). To verify the outcomes, robustness tests were carried out using the fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) and dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) approaches. Our results confirm that CO
2
emissions are primarily influenced by excessive utilization of conventional energy, economic growth, and expansion of urbanization. The findings confirm the co-integrating relationships among the variables in all six regions. Moreover, the panel causality analysis identified a bidirectional causal relationship between energy consumption, economic growth, urbanization, and CO
2
emissions. While these results can play an instrumental role in formulating CO
2
emission policies among our selected countries, our research can also assist policymakers and governments in other developing countries implement important policy initiatives. In this regard, the findings suggest that the current environment-related polices of Belt and Road Initiatives (BRI) do not efficiently tackle CO
2
emissions. In order to achieve the CO
2
emission degradation objective, the Belt and Road countries should restructure their environment-related policies by limiting the consumption of conventional energy and expansion of urbanization. The adaptation and establishment of such a panoramic policy program can assist emerging economies to acquire consolidated and environmentally sustainable economic growth.
Graphical Abstract |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s11356-023-26701-2 |
| format | Article |
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The phenomenal increase in global temperature and variation in climate change are the replications of nature, alarming governments to limit the emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and adopt green innovation and environmental-friendly clean and green technologies. In this paper, we empirically investigate whether there are any changes in excessive consumption of energy from conventional sources, expansion of urbanization, carbon dioxide (CO
2
) emissions, and economic growth in six different regions, namely, East Asia (EA), South Asia (SA), Southeast Asia (SEA), Central Asia (CA), Eastern Europe (EE), and the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), under the Belt and Road Initiatives of panel data over the period of 1985 to 2017. The empirical methods include a panel co-integration check, heterogeneity test, panel Granger causality test, pooled mean group (PMG), and augmented mean group (AMG). To verify the outcomes, robustness tests were carried out using the fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) and dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) approaches. Our results confirm that CO
2
emissions are primarily influenced by excessive utilization of conventional energy, economic growth, and expansion of urbanization. The findings confirm the co-integrating relationships among the variables in all six regions. Moreover, the panel causality analysis identified a bidirectional causal relationship between energy consumption, economic growth, urbanization, and CO
2
emissions. While these results can play an instrumental role in formulating CO
2
emission policies among our selected countries, our research can also assist policymakers and governments in other developing countries implement important policy initiatives. In this regard, the findings suggest that the current environment-related polices of Belt and Road Initiatives (BRI) do not efficiently tackle CO
2
emissions. In order to achieve the CO
2
emission degradation objective, the Belt and Road countries should restructure their environment-related policies by limiting the consumption of conventional energy and expansion of urbanization. The adaptation and establishment of such a panoramic policy program can assist emerging economies to acquire consolidated and environmentally sustainable economic growth.
Graphical Abstract</description><identifier>ISSN: 1614-7499</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 0944-1344</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1614-7499</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26701-2</identifier><identifier>PMID: 37017847</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher><subject>Aquatic Pollution ; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution ; Biodiversity ; Carbon Dioxide ; Carbon dioxide emissions ; Carbon sources ; Climate change ; Developing countries ; Earth and Environmental Science ; Economic analysis ; Economic Development ; Economic growth ; Economics ; Ecotoxicology ; Emission ; Emissions ; Empirical analysis ; Energy consumption ; Energy utilization ; Environment ; Environmental Chemistry ; Environmental Health ; Environmental science ; Global temperatures ; Greenhouse gases ; Heterogeneity ; LDCs ; Least squares ; Longitudinal studies ; Policies ; Renewable Energy ; Research Article ; Roads ; Temperature ; Urbanization ; Waste Water Technology ; Water Management ; Water Pollution Control</subject><ispartof>Environmental science and pollution research international, 2023-05, Vol.30 (21), p.60080-60105</ispartof><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.</rights><rights>2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-6720ec87cca80a4ed69817bb01153778d734f82a76bdae6bca2422cc9e740c0f3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-6720ec87cca80a4ed69817bb01153778d734f82a76bdae6bca2422cc9e740c0f3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11356-023-26701-2$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11356-023-26701-2$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27922,27923,41486,42555,51317</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37017847$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Liu, Fang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Khan, Yasir</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hassan, Taimoor</creatorcontrib><title>Does excessive energy utilization and expansion of urbanization increase carbon dioxide emission in Belt and Road economies?</title><title>Environmental science and pollution research international</title><addtitle>Environ Sci Pollut Res</addtitle><addtitle>Environ Sci Pollut Res Int</addtitle><description>
The phenomenal increase in global temperature and variation in climate change are the replications of nature, alarming governments to limit the emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and adopt green innovation and environmental-friendly clean and green technologies. In this paper, we empirically investigate whether there are any changes in excessive consumption of energy from conventional sources, expansion of urbanization, carbon dioxide (CO
2
) emissions, and economic growth in six different regions, namely, East Asia (EA), South Asia (SA), Southeast Asia (SEA), Central Asia (CA), Eastern Europe (EE), and the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), under the Belt and Road Initiatives of panel data over the period of 1985 to 2017. The empirical methods include a panel co-integration check, heterogeneity test, panel Granger causality test, pooled mean group (PMG), and augmented mean group (AMG). To verify the outcomes, robustness tests were carried out using the fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) and dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) approaches. Our results confirm that CO
2
emissions are primarily influenced by excessive utilization of conventional energy, economic growth, and expansion of urbanization. The findings confirm the co-integrating relationships among the variables in all six regions. Moreover, the panel causality analysis identified a bidirectional causal relationship between energy consumption, economic growth, urbanization, and CO
2
emissions. While these results can play an instrumental role in formulating CO
2
emission policies among our selected countries, our research can also assist policymakers and governments in other developing countries implement important policy initiatives. In this regard, the findings suggest that the current environment-related polices of Belt and Road Initiatives (BRI) do not efficiently tackle CO
2
emissions. In order to achieve the CO
2
emission degradation objective, the Belt and Road countries should restructure their environment-related policies by limiting the consumption of conventional energy and expansion of urbanization. The adaptation and establishment of such a panoramic policy program can assist emerging economies to acquire consolidated and environmentally sustainable economic growth.
Graphical Abstract</description><subject>Aquatic Pollution</subject><subject>Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution</subject><subject>Biodiversity</subject><subject>Carbon Dioxide</subject><subject>Carbon dioxide emissions</subject><subject>Carbon sources</subject><subject>Climate change</subject><subject>Developing countries</subject><subject>Earth and Environmental Science</subject><subject>Economic analysis</subject><subject>Economic Development</subject><subject>Economic growth</subject><subject>Economics</subject><subject>Ecotoxicology</subject><subject>Emission</subject><subject>Emissions</subject><subject>Empirical analysis</subject><subject>Energy consumption</subject><subject>Energy utilization</subject><subject>Environment</subject><subject>Environmental Chemistry</subject><subject>Environmental Health</subject><subject>Environmental science</subject><subject>Global temperatures</subject><subject>Greenhouse gases</subject><subject>Heterogeneity</subject><subject>LDCs</subject><subject>Least squares</subject><subject>Longitudinal studies</subject><subject>Policies</subject><subject>Renewable Energy</subject><subject>Research Article</subject><subject>Roads</subject><subject>Temperature</subject><subject>Urbanization</subject><subject>Waste Water Technology</subject><subject>Water Management</subject><subject>Water Pollution 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excessive energy utilization and expansion of urbanization increase carbon dioxide emission in Belt and Road economies?</title><author>Liu, Fang ; Khan, Yasir ; Hassan, Taimoor</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-6720ec87cca80a4ed69817bb01153778d734f82a76bdae6bca2422cc9e740c0f3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>Aquatic Pollution</topic><topic>Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution</topic><topic>Biodiversity</topic><topic>Carbon Dioxide</topic><topic>Carbon dioxide emissions</topic><topic>Carbon sources</topic><topic>Climate change</topic><topic>Developing countries</topic><topic>Earth and Environmental Science</topic><topic>Economic analysis</topic><topic>Economic Development</topic><topic>Economic 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urbanization increase carbon dioxide emission in Belt and Road economies?</atitle><jtitle>Environmental science and pollution research international</jtitle><stitle>Environ Sci Pollut Res</stitle><addtitle>Environ Sci Pollut Res Int</addtitle><date>2023-05-01</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>30</volume><issue>21</issue><spage>60080</spage><epage>60105</epage><pages>60080-60105</pages><issn>1614-7499</issn><issn>0944-1344</issn><eissn>1614-7499</eissn><abstract>
The phenomenal increase in global temperature and variation in climate change are the replications of nature, alarming governments to limit the emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and adopt green innovation and environmental-friendly clean and green technologies. In this paper, we empirically investigate whether there are any changes in excessive consumption of energy from conventional sources, expansion of urbanization, carbon dioxide (CO
2
) emissions, and economic growth in six different regions, namely, East Asia (EA), South Asia (SA), Southeast Asia (SEA), Central Asia (CA), Eastern Europe (EE), and the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), under the Belt and Road Initiatives of panel data over the period of 1985 to 2017. The empirical methods include a panel co-integration check, heterogeneity test, panel Granger causality test, pooled mean group (PMG), and augmented mean group (AMG). To verify the outcomes, robustness tests were carried out using the fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) and dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) approaches. Our results confirm that CO
2
emissions are primarily influenced by excessive utilization of conventional energy, economic growth, and expansion of urbanization. The findings confirm the co-integrating relationships among the variables in all six regions. Moreover, the panel causality analysis identified a bidirectional causal relationship between energy consumption, economic growth, urbanization, and CO
2
emissions. While these results can play an instrumental role in formulating CO
2
emission policies among our selected countries, our research can also assist policymakers and governments in other developing countries implement important policy initiatives. In this regard, the findings suggest that the current environment-related polices of Belt and Road Initiatives (BRI) do not efficiently tackle CO
2
emissions. In order to achieve the CO
2
emission degradation objective, the Belt and Road countries should restructure their environment-related policies by limiting the consumption of conventional energy and expansion of urbanization. The adaptation and establishment of such a panoramic policy program can assist emerging economies to acquire consolidated and environmentally sustainable economic growth.
Graphical Abstract</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</pub><pmid>37017847</pmid><doi>10.1007/s11356-023-26701-2</doi><tpages>26</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Aquatic Pollution Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution Biodiversity Carbon Dioxide Carbon dioxide emissions Carbon sources Climate change Developing countries Earth and Environmental Science Economic analysis Economic Development Economic growth Economics Ecotoxicology Emission Emissions Empirical analysis Energy consumption Energy utilization Environment Environmental Chemistry Environmental Health Environmental science Global temperatures Greenhouse gases Heterogeneity LDCs Least squares Longitudinal studies Policies Renewable Energy Research Article Roads Temperature Urbanization Waste Water Technology Water Management Water Pollution Control |
| title | Does excessive energy utilization and expansion of urbanization increase carbon dioxide emission in Belt and Road economies? |
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