Impact of human body shape on forced convection heat transfer
Predicting human thermal comfort and safety requires quantitative knowledge of the convective heat transfer between the body and its surrounding. So far, convective heat transfer coefficient correlations have been based only upon measurements or simulations of the average body shape of an adult. To...
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Veröffentlicht in: | International journal of biometeorology 2023-05, Vol.67 (5), p.865-873 |
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creator | Viswanathan, Shri H. Martinez, Daniel M. Bartels, Lyle Guddanti, Sai S. Rykaczewski, Konrad |
description | Predicting human thermal comfort and safety requires quantitative knowledge of the convective heat transfer between the body and its surrounding. So far, convective heat transfer coefficient correlations have been based only upon measurements or simulations of the average body shape of an adult. To address this knowledge gap, here we quantify the impact of adult human body shape on forced convection. To do this, we generated fifty three-dimensional human body meshes covering 1st to 99th percentile variation in height and body mass index (BMI) of the USA adult population. We developed a coupled turbulent flow and convective heat transfer simulation and benchmarked it in the 0.5 to 2.5 m·s
−1
air speed range against prior literature. We computed the overall heat transfer coefficients, h
overall
, for the manikins for representative airflow with 2 m·s
−1
uniform speed and 5% turbulence intensity. We found that h
overall
varied only between 19.9 and 23.2 W·m
−2
K
−1
. Within this small range, the height of the manikins had negligible impact while an increase in the BMI led to a nearly linear decrease of the h
overall
. Evaluation of the local coefficients revealed that those also nearly linearly decreased with BMI, which correlated to an inversely proportional local area (i.e., cross-sectional dimension) increase. Since even the most considerable difference that exists between 1st and 99th percentile BMI manikins is less than 15% of h
overall
of the average manikin, it can be concluded that the impact of the human body shape on the convective heat transfer is minor. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s00484-023-02461-z |
format | Article |
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−1
air speed range against prior literature. We computed the overall heat transfer coefficients, h
overall
, for the manikins for representative airflow with 2 m·s
−1
uniform speed and 5% turbulence intensity. We found that h
overall
varied only between 19.9 and 23.2 W·m
−2
K
−1
. Within this small range, the height of the manikins had negligible impact while an increase in the BMI led to a nearly linear decrease of the h
overall
. Evaluation of the local coefficients revealed that those also nearly linearly decreased with BMI, which correlated to an inversely proportional local area (i.e., cross-sectional dimension) increase. Since even the most considerable difference that exists between 1st and 99th percentile BMI manikins is less than 15% of h
overall
of the average manikin, it can be concluded that the impact of the human body shape on the convective heat transfer is minor.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0020-7128</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1432-1254</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s00484-023-02461-z</identifier><identifier>PMID: 37010575</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher><subject>Air flow ; Animal Physiology ; Biological and Medical Physics ; Biophysics ; Body height ; Body mass index ; Body size ; Computer Simulation ; Convection ; Convective heat transfer ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Earth and Environmental Science ; Environment ; Environmental Health ; Forced convection ; Heat transfer ; Heat transfer coefficients ; Hot Temperature ; Human body ; Humans ; Manikins ; Meteorology ; Original Paper ; Plant Physiology ; Somatotypes ; Thermal comfort ; Turbulence intensity ; Turbulent flow</subject><ispartof>International journal of biometeorology, 2023-05, Vol.67 (5), p.865-873</ispartof><rights>The Author(s) under exclusive licence to International Society of Biometeorology 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.</rights><rights>2023. The Author(s) under exclusive licence to International Society of Biometeorology.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-24f038a79c48191a230dbdc1b0ebff5452d72d43764103722f68d6531705eff93</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-24f038a79c48191a230dbdc1b0ebff5452d72d43764103722f68d6531705eff93</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-5801-7177</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00484-023-02461-z$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00484-023-02461-z$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925,41488,42557,51319</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37010575$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Viswanathan, Shri H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Martinez, Daniel M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bartels, Lyle</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Guddanti, Sai S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rykaczewski, Konrad</creatorcontrib><title>Impact of human body shape on forced convection heat transfer</title><title>International journal of biometeorology</title><addtitle>Int J Biometeorol</addtitle><addtitle>Int J Biometeorol</addtitle><description>Predicting human thermal comfort and safety requires quantitative knowledge of the convective heat transfer between the body and its surrounding. So far, convective heat transfer coefficient correlations have been based only upon measurements or simulations of the average body shape of an adult. To address this knowledge gap, here we quantify the impact of adult human body shape on forced convection. To do this, we generated fifty three-dimensional human body meshes covering 1st to 99th percentile variation in height and body mass index (BMI) of the USA adult population. We developed a coupled turbulent flow and convective heat transfer simulation and benchmarked it in the 0.5 to 2.5 m·s
−1
air speed range against prior literature. We computed the overall heat transfer coefficients, h
overall
, for the manikins for representative airflow with 2 m·s
−1
uniform speed and 5% turbulence intensity. We found that h
overall
varied only between 19.9 and 23.2 W·m
−2
K
−1
. Within this small range, the height of the manikins had negligible impact while an increase in the BMI led to a nearly linear decrease of the h
overall
. Evaluation of the local coefficients revealed that those also nearly linearly decreased with BMI, which correlated to an inversely proportional local area (i.e., cross-sectional dimension) increase. Since even the most considerable difference that exists between 1st and 99th percentile BMI manikins is less than 15% of h
overall
of the average manikin, it can be concluded that the impact of the human body shape on the convective heat transfer is minor.</description><subject>Air flow</subject><subject>Animal Physiology</subject><subject>Biological and Medical Physics</subject><subject>Biophysics</subject><subject>Body height</subject><subject>Body mass index</subject><subject>Body size</subject><subject>Computer Simulation</subject><subject>Convection</subject><subject>Convective heat transfer</subject><subject>Cross-Sectional Studies</subject><subject>Earth and Environmental Science</subject><subject>Environment</subject><subject>Environmental Health</subject><subject>Forced convection</subject><subject>Heat transfer</subject><subject>Heat transfer coefficients</subject><subject>Hot Temperature</subject><subject>Human body</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Manikins</subject><subject>Meteorology</subject><subject>Original Paper</subject><subject>Plant Physiology</subject><subject>Somatotypes</subject><subject>Thermal comfort</subject><subject>Turbulence intensity</subject><subject>Turbulent 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Biometeorol</stitle><addtitle>Int J Biometeorol</addtitle><date>2023-05-01</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>67</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>865</spage><epage>873</epage><pages>865-873</pages><issn>0020-7128</issn><eissn>1432-1254</eissn><abstract>Predicting human thermal comfort and safety requires quantitative knowledge of the convective heat transfer between the body and its surrounding. So far, convective heat transfer coefficient correlations have been based only upon measurements or simulations of the average body shape of an adult. To address this knowledge gap, here we quantify the impact of adult human body shape on forced convection. To do this, we generated fifty three-dimensional human body meshes covering 1st to 99th percentile variation in height and body mass index (BMI) of the USA adult population. We developed a coupled turbulent flow and convective heat transfer simulation and benchmarked it in the 0.5 to 2.5 m·s
−1
air speed range against prior literature. We computed the overall heat transfer coefficients, h
overall
, for the manikins for representative airflow with 2 m·s
−1
uniform speed and 5% turbulence intensity. We found that h
overall
varied only between 19.9 and 23.2 W·m
−2
K
−1
. Within this small range, the height of the manikins had negligible impact while an increase in the BMI led to a nearly linear decrease of the h
overall
. Evaluation of the local coefficients revealed that those also nearly linearly decreased with BMI, which correlated to an inversely proportional local area (i.e., cross-sectional dimension) increase. Since even the most considerable difference that exists between 1st and 99th percentile BMI manikins is less than 15% of h
overall
of the average manikin, it can be concluded that the impact of the human body shape on the convective heat transfer is minor.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</pub><pmid>37010575</pmid><doi>10.1007/s00484-023-02461-z</doi><tpages>9</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5801-7177</orcidid></addata></record> |
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subjects | Air flow Animal Physiology Biological and Medical Physics Biophysics Body height Body mass index Body size Computer Simulation Convection Convective heat transfer Cross-Sectional Studies Earth and Environmental Science Environment Environmental Health Forced convection Heat transfer Heat transfer coefficients Hot Temperature Human body Humans Manikins Meteorology Original Paper Plant Physiology Somatotypes Thermal comfort Turbulence intensity Turbulent flow |
title | Impact of human body shape on forced convection heat transfer |
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