Effect of extended ball milling on graphite
Graphite has been milled for up to 1000 h in a laboratory scale tumbling ball mill under vacuum. Raman spectroscopy of the powders indicated the increasing dominance of D-type graphitic sp 2 bonding over G-type bonding with increasing milling time. Diamond-like sp 3 bonding and possibly fullerene-li...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of alloys and compounds 2003-02, Vol.349 (1), p.255-263 |
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| container_title | Journal of alloys and compounds |
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| creator | Welham, N.J Berbenni, V Chapman, P.G |
| description | Graphite has been milled for up to 1000 h in a laboratory scale tumbling ball mill under vacuum. Raman spectroscopy of the powders indicated the increasing dominance of D-type graphitic
sp
2 bonding over G-type bonding with increasing milling time. Diamond-like
sp
3 bonding and possibly fullerene-like bonding also became evident after milling. TEM of the 100 h sample showed the presence of ribbons which were composed of sheets showing defects, delamination, translation, warping and curvature. Interplanar spacings of 0.40–0.50 nm were measured with the spacing increasing towards the edge of the ribbons where delamination was evident. Thermogravimetric analysis in argon of the powder after exposure to air showed an increasing mass loss with milling time indicating the presence of chemisorbed gas. Using TG–FTIR the gas was found to be a mixture of CO
2 and an unidentified gas (probably oxygen). BET surface area measurements showed a maximum in the surface area; however, this was shown to be massively in error for the longer milling times due to the presence of the chemisorbed gas. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/S0925-8388(02)00880-0 |
| format | Article |
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sp
2 bonding over G-type bonding with increasing milling time. Diamond-like
sp
3 bonding and possibly fullerene-like bonding also became evident after milling. TEM of the 100 h sample showed the presence of ribbons which were composed of sheets showing defects, delamination, translation, warping and curvature. Interplanar spacings of 0.40–0.50 nm were measured with the spacing increasing towards the edge of the ribbons where delamination was evident. Thermogravimetric analysis in argon of the powder after exposure to air showed an increasing mass loss with milling time indicating the presence of chemisorbed gas. Using TG–FTIR the gas was found to be a mixture of CO
2 and an unidentified gas (probably oxygen). BET surface area measurements showed a maximum in the surface area; however, this was shown to be massively in error for the longer milling times due to the presence of the chemisorbed gas.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0925-8388</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-4669</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/S0925-8388(02)00880-0</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Lausanne: Elsevier B.V</publisher><subject>Amorphisation ; Condensed matter: structure, mechanical and thermal properties ; Cross-disciplinary physics: materials science; rheology ; Disordered systems ; Electron, ion, and scanning probe microscopy ; Exact sciences and technology ; Machining, milling ; Materials science ; Materials synthesis; materials processing ; Physics ; SEM ; Structure of solids and liquids; crystallography ; TEM ; Thermal analysis ; Transmission, reflection and scanning electron microscopy(including ebic)</subject><ispartof>Journal of alloys and compounds, 2003-02, Vol.349 (1), p.255-263</ispartof><rights>2002 Elsevier Science B.V.</rights><rights>2003 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c434t-9a405b73d8f51bc86f0c37d64398a92916d8747f3f77f4b5382bb064fbe4e60b3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c434t-9a405b73d8f51bc86f0c37d64398a92916d8747f3f77f4b5382bb064fbe4e60b3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0925-8388(02)00880-0$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,3550,27924,27925,45995</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=14463815$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Welham, N.J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Berbenni, V</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chapman, P.G</creatorcontrib><title>Effect of extended ball milling on graphite</title><title>Journal of alloys and compounds</title><description>Graphite has been milled for up to 1000 h in a laboratory scale tumbling ball mill under vacuum. Raman spectroscopy of the powders indicated the increasing dominance of D-type graphitic
sp
2 bonding over G-type bonding with increasing milling time. Diamond-like
sp
3 bonding and possibly fullerene-like bonding also became evident after milling. TEM of the 100 h sample showed the presence of ribbons which were composed of sheets showing defects, delamination, translation, warping and curvature. Interplanar spacings of 0.40–0.50 nm were measured with the spacing increasing towards the edge of the ribbons where delamination was evident. Thermogravimetric analysis in argon of the powder after exposure to air showed an increasing mass loss with milling time indicating the presence of chemisorbed gas. Using TG–FTIR the gas was found to be a mixture of CO
2 and an unidentified gas (probably oxygen). BET surface area measurements showed a maximum in the surface area; however, this was shown to be massively in error for the longer milling times due to the presence of the chemisorbed gas.</description><subject>Amorphisation</subject><subject>Condensed matter: structure, mechanical and thermal properties</subject><subject>Cross-disciplinary physics: materials science; rheology</subject><subject>Disordered systems</subject><subject>Electron, ion, and scanning probe microscopy</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>Machining, milling</subject><subject>Materials science</subject><subject>Materials synthesis; materials processing</subject><subject>Physics</subject><subject>SEM</subject><subject>Structure of solids and liquids; crystallography</subject><subject>TEM</subject><subject>Thermal analysis</subject><subject>Transmission, reflection and scanning electron microscopy(including ebic)</subject><issn>0925-8388</issn><issn>1873-4669</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2003</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqFkEtLAzEUhYMoWKs_QZiNosjozSSTx0qk1AcUXKjrkGSSGklnajIV_fdOW9Glq7v5zj2cD6FjDJcYMLt6AlnVpSBCnEF1DiAElLCDRlhwUlLG5C4a_SL76CDnNwDAkuARuph672xfdL5wn71rG9cURsdYLEKMoZ0XXVvMk16-ht4doj2vY3ZHP3eMXm6nz5P7cvZ49zC5mZWWEtqXUlOoDSeN8DU2VjAPlvCGUSKFlpXErBGcck88556amojKGGDUG0cdA0PG6HT7d5m695XLvVqEbF2MunXdKquKC15zWQ1gvQVt6nJOzqtlCgudvhQGtVajNmrUereCSm3UKBhyJz8FOlsdfdKtDfkvTCkjAtcDd73l3LD2I7iksg2uta4JaZCmmi780_QN6zV2QA</recordid><startdate>20030203</startdate><enddate>20030203</enddate><creator>Welham, N.J</creator><creator>Berbenni, V</creator><creator>Chapman, P.G</creator><general>Elsevier B.V</general><general>Elsevier</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>JG9</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20030203</creationdate><title>Effect of extended ball milling on graphite</title><author>Welham, N.J ; Berbenni, V ; Chapman, P.G</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c434t-9a405b73d8f51bc86f0c37d64398a92916d8747f3f77f4b5382bb064fbe4e60b3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2003</creationdate><topic>Amorphisation</topic><topic>Condensed matter: structure, mechanical and thermal properties</topic><topic>Cross-disciplinary physics: materials science; rheology</topic><topic>Disordered systems</topic><topic>Electron, ion, and scanning probe microscopy</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>Machining, milling</topic><topic>Materials science</topic><topic>Materials synthesis; materials processing</topic><topic>Physics</topic><topic>SEM</topic><topic>Structure of solids and liquids; crystallography</topic><topic>TEM</topic><topic>Thermal analysis</topic><topic>Transmission, reflection and scanning electron microscopy(including ebic)</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Welham, N.J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Berbenni, V</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chapman, P.G</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><jtitle>Journal of alloys and compounds</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Welham, N.J</au><au>Berbenni, V</au><au>Chapman, P.G</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Effect of extended ball milling on graphite</atitle><jtitle>Journal of alloys and compounds</jtitle><date>2003-02-03</date><risdate>2003</risdate><volume>349</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>255</spage><epage>263</epage><pages>255-263</pages><issn>0925-8388</issn><eissn>1873-4669</eissn><abstract>Graphite has been milled for up to 1000 h in a laboratory scale tumbling ball mill under vacuum. Raman spectroscopy of the powders indicated the increasing dominance of D-type graphitic
sp
2 bonding over G-type bonding with increasing milling time. Diamond-like
sp
3 bonding and possibly fullerene-like bonding also became evident after milling. TEM of the 100 h sample showed the presence of ribbons which were composed of sheets showing defects, delamination, translation, warping and curvature. Interplanar spacings of 0.40–0.50 nm were measured with the spacing increasing towards the edge of the ribbons where delamination was evident. Thermogravimetric analysis in argon of the powder after exposure to air showed an increasing mass loss with milling time indicating the presence of chemisorbed gas. Using TG–FTIR the gas was found to be a mixture of CO
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| subjects | Amorphisation Condensed matter: structure, mechanical and thermal properties Cross-disciplinary physics: materials science rheology Disordered systems Electron, ion, and scanning probe microscopy Exact sciences and technology Machining, milling Materials science Materials synthesis materials processing Physics SEM Structure of solids and liquids crystallography TEM Thermal analysis Transmission, reflection and scanning electron microscopy(including ebic) |
| title | Effect of extended ball milling on graphite |
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