Thyroid dysfunction after immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment in a single-center Chinese cohort: a retrospective study
Background Thyroid dysfunction is a common adverse event after immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy. The clinical manifestations of thyroid immune-related adverse events (irAEs) are variable and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Purpose To identify the clinical and biochemical character...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Endocrine 2023-07, Vol.81 (1), p.123-133 |
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| creator | Wu, Lingge Xu, Yan Wang, Xiang Cheng, Xinqi Zhang, Yuelun Wang, Yingyi Fan, Xinrong Zhao, Haitao Liu, He Chai, Xiaofeng Zhang, Li Wang, Mengzhao Li, Naishi Pan, Hui Lian, Xiaolan |
| description | Background
Thyroid dysfunction is a common adverse event after immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy. The clinical manifestations of thyroid immune-related adverse events (irAEs) are variable and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.
Purpose
To identify the clinical and biochemical characteristics of Chinese patients with ICI-related thyroid dysfunction.
Methods
We retrospectively reviewed patients with carcinoma who received ICI therapy and underwent evaluation of thyroid function during hospitalization at Peking Union Medical College Hospital between January 1, 2017 and December 31, 2020. Clinical and biochemical features were analyzed in patients who developed ICI-related thyroid dysfunction. Survival analyses were performed to determine the effect of thyroid autoantibodies on thyroid abnormalities and the impact of thyroid irAEs on clinical outcomes.
Results
The cohort included 270 patients with a median follow-up of 17.7 months; 120 (44%) of these patients developed thyroid dysfunction on immunotherapy. The most common thyroid irAE was overt hypothyroidism (with/without transient thyrotoxicosis), which occurred in 38% of patients (
n
= 45), followed by subclinical thyrotoxicosis (
n
= 42), subclinical hypothyroidism (
n
= 27), and isolated overt thyrotoxicosis (
n
= 6). The median time to first clinical presentation was 49 days (interquartile range 23, 93) for thyrotoxicosis and 98 days (interquartile range 51, 172) for hypothyroidism. In patients treated with PD-1 inhibitors, hypothyroidism was strongly associated with younger age (odds ratio [OR] 0.44, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.29–0.67;
P
|
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s12020-023-03323-9 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_2783497708</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2783497708</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c419t-9045ce7c212607c56c0492ad22511920468defd9e11b9e0c13de621f03d33af53</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9kU1v1DAQhiMEoqXwBzggS1y4hI7HiR1zQyu-pEq9lLOVtSeNy8ZebAex_x63Wz7EoQfbo5nnfW3rbZqXHN5yAHWeOQJCCyhaEKLu-lFzyvtet1Dnj_-pT5pnOd8AIKJUT5sTIQephJSnzc-r-ZCid8wd8rQGW3wMbJwKJeaXZQ3E7Ez22z76UJgPs9_6EhMricay0F2PjSz7cL2j1tZGFW5mHyhXZZxjKu_qPFFJMe-p2v8glsvqDs-bJ9O4y_Ti_jxrvn78cLX53F5cfvqyeX_R2o7r0mroekvKIkcJyvbSQqdxdIg95xqhk4OjyWnifKsJLBeOJPIJhBNinHpx1rw5-u5T_L5SLmbx2dJuNwaKazaoBtFppWCo6Ov_0Ju4plBfZ3BABDXUVSk8UrZ-KSeazD75ZUwHw8Hc5mKOuZiai7nLxegqenVvvW4Xcn8kv4OogDgCuY7CNaW_dz9g-wvS25li</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2822078207</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Thyroid dysfunction after immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment in a single-center Chinese cohort: a retrospective study</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Springer Nature - Complete Springer Journals</source><creator>Wu, Lingge ; Xu, Yan ; Wang, Xiang ; Cheng, Xinqi ; Zhang, Yuelun ; Wang, Yingyi ; Fan, Xinrong ; Zhao, Haitao ; Liu, He ; Chai, Xiaofeng ; Zhang, Li ; Wang, Mengzhao ; Li, Naishi ; Pan, Hui ; Lian, Xiaolan</creator><creatorcontrib>Wu, Lingge ; Xu, Yan ; Wang, Xiang ; Cheng, Xinqi ; Zhang, Yuelun ; Wang, Yingyi ; Fan, Xinrong ; Zhao, Haitao ; Liu, He ; Chai, Xiaofeng ; Zhang, Li ; Wang, Mengzhao ; Li, Naishi ; Pan, Hui ; Lian, Xiaolan</creatorcontrib><description>Background
Thyroid dysfunction is a common adverse event after immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy. The clinical manifestations of thyroid immune-related adverse events (irAEs) are variable and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.
Purpose
To identify the clinical and biochemical characteristics of Chinese patients with ICI-related thyroid dysfunction.
Methods
We retrospectively reviewed patients with carcinoma who received ICI therapy and underwent evaluation of thyroid function during hospitalization at Peking Union Medical College Hospital between January 1, 2017 and December 31, 2020. Clinical and biochemical features were analyzed in patients who developed ICI-related thyroid dysfunction. Survival analyses were performed to determine the effect of thyroid autoantibodies on thyroid abnormalities and the impact of thyroid irAEs on clinical outcomes.
Results
The cohort included 270 patients with a median follow-up of 17.7 months; 120 (44%) of these patients developed thyroid dysfunction on immunotherapy. The most common thyroid irAE was overt hypothyroidism (with/without transient thyrotoxicosis), which occurred in 38% of patients (
n
= 45), followed by subclinical thyrotoxicosis (
n
= 42), subclinical hypothyroidism (
n
= 27), and isolated overt thyrotoxicosis (
n
= 6). The median time to first clinical presentation was 49 days (interquartile range 23, 93) for thyrotoxicosis and 98 days (interquartile range 51, 172) for hypothyroidism. In patients treated with PD-1 inhibitors, hypothyroidism was strongly associated with younger age (odds ratio [OR] 0.44, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.29–0.67;
P
< 0.001), previous thyroid disease (OR 4.30, 95% CI 1.54–11.99;
P
= 0.005), and a higher baseline thyroid-stimulating hormone level (OR 2.76, 95% CI 1.80–4.23;
P
< 0.001). Thyrotoxicosis was only associated with the baseline thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level (OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.37–0.94;
P
= 0.025). Thyroid dysfunction after initiation of ICI therapy was associated with better progression-free survival (hazard ratio [HR] 0.61, 95% CI 0.44–0.86;
P
= 0.005) and overall survival (hazard ratio 0.67, 95% CI 0.45–0.99;
P
= 0.046). Anti-thyroglobulin antibody positivity increased the risk of thyroid irAEs.
Conclusions
The occurrence of thyroid irAEs with diverse phenotypes is common. Distinct clinical and biochemical characteristics suggest heterogeneity among different subgroups of thyroid dysfunction, which requires further research to explore the under mechanism.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1559-0100</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1355-008X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1559-0100</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s12020-023-03323-9</identifier><identifier>PMID: 36867366</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York: Springer US</publisher><subject>Adverse events ; Autoantibodies ; Biochemical characteristics ; Diabetes ; East Asian People ; Endocrinology ; Humanities and Social Sciences ; Humans ; Hypothyroidism ; Hypothyroidism - chemically induced ; Hypothyroidism - epidemiology ; Immune checkpoint inhibitors ; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors - adverse effects ; Immunotherapy ; Internal Medicine ; Medicine ; Medicine & Public Health ; multidisciplinary ; Original Article ; Patients ; PD-1 protein ; Phenotypes ; Retrospective Studies ; Science ; Survival ; Thyroglobulin ; Thyroid diseases ; Thyroid Diseases - chemically induced ; Thyroid gland ; Thyroid-stimulating hormone ; Thyrotoxicosis ; Thyrotropin</subject><ispartof>Endocrine, 2023-07, Vol.81 (1), p.123-133</ispartof><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.</rights><rights>2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c419t-9045ce7c212607c56c0492ad22511920468defd9e11b9e0c13de621f03d33af53</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c419t-9045ce7c212607c56c0492ad22511920468defd9e11b9e0c13de621f03d33af53</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-2261-7349</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12020-023-03323-9$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12020-023-03323-9$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902,41464,42533,51294</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36867366$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Wu, Lingge</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xu, Yan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Xiang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cheng, Xinqi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Yuelun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Yingyi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fan, Xinrong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhao, Haitao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, He</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chai, Xiaofeng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Li</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Mengzhao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Naishi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pan, Hui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lian, Xiaolan</creatorcontrib><title>Thyroid dysfunction after immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment in a single-center Chinese cohort: a retrospective study</title><title>Endocrine</title><addtitle>Endocrine</addtitle><addtitle>Endocrine</addtitle><description>Background
Thyroid dysfunction is a common adverse event after immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy. The clinical manifestations of thyroid immune-related adverse events (irAEs) are variable and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.
Purpose
To identify the clinical and biochemical characteristics of Chinese patients with ICI-related thyroid dysfunction.
Methods
We retrospectively reviewed patients with carcinoma who received ICI therapy and underwent evaluation of thyroid function during hospitalization at Peking Union Medical College Hospital between January 1, 2017 and December 31, 2020. Clinical and biochemical features were analyzed in patients who developed ICI-related thyroid dysfunction. Survival analyses were performed to determine the effect of thyroid autoantibodies on thyroid abnormalities and the impact of thyroid irAEs on clinical outcomes.
Results
The cohort included 270 patients with a median follow-up of 17.7 months; 120 (44%) of these patients developed thyroid dysfunction on immunotherapy. The most common thyroid irAE was overt hypothyroidism (with/without transient thyrotoxicosis), which occurred in 38% of patients (
n
= 45), followed by subclinical thyrotoxicosis (
n
= 42), subclinical hypothyroidism (
n
= 27), and isolated overt thyrotoxicosis (
n
= 6). The median time to first clinical presentation was 49 days (interquartile range 23, 93) for thyrotoxicosis and 98 days (interquartile range 51, 172) for hypothyroidism. In patients treated with PD-1 inhibitors, hypothyroidism was strongly associated with younger age (odds ratio [OR] 0.44, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.29–0.67;
P
< 0.001), previous thyroid disease (OR 4.30, 95% CI 1.54–11.99;
P
= 0.005), and a higher baseline thyroid-stimulating hormone level (OR 2.76, 95% CI 1.80–4.23;
P
< 0.001). Thyrotoxicosis was only associated with the baseline thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level (OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.37–0.94;
P
= 0.025). Thyroid dysfunction after initiation of ICI therapy was associated with better progression-free survival (hazard ratio [HR] 0.61, 95% CI 0.44–0.86;
P
= 0.005) and overall survival (hazard ratio 0.67, 95% CI 0.45–0.99;
P
= 0.046). Anti-thyroglobulin antibody positivity increased the risk of thyroid irAEs.
Conclusions
The occurrence of thyroid irAEs with diverse phenotypes is common. Distinct clinical and biochemical characteristics suggest heterogeneity among different subgroups of thyroid dysfunction, which requires further research to explore the under mechanism.</description><subject>Adverse events</subject><subject>Autoantibodies</subject><subject>Biochemical characteristics</subject><subject>Diabetes</subject><subject>East Asian People</subject><subject>Endocrinology</subject><subject>Humanities and Social Sciences</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hypothyroidism</subject><subject>Hypothyroidism - chemically induced</subject><subject>Hypothyroidism - epidemiology</subject><subject>Immune checkpoint inhibitors</subject><subject>Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors - adverse effects</subject><subject>Immunotherapy</subject><subject>Internal Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine & Public Health</subject><subject>multidisciplinary</subject><subject>Original Article</subject><subject>Patients</subject><subject>PD-1 protein</subject><subject>Phenotypes</subject><subject>Retrospective Studies</subject><subject>Science</subject><subject>Survival</subject><subject>Thyroglobulin</subject><subject>Thyroid diseases</subject><subject>Thyroid Diseases - chemically induced</subject><subject>Thyroid gland</subject><subject>Thyroid-stimulating hormone</subject><subject>Thyrotoxicosis</subject><subject>Thyrotropin</subject><issn>1559-0100</issn><issn>1355-008X</issn><issn>1559-0100</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kU1v1DAQhiMEoqXwBzggS1y4hI7HiR1zQyu-pEq9lLOVtSeNy8ZebAex_x63Wz7EoQfbo5nnfW3rbZqXHN5yAHWeOQJCCyhaEKLu-lFzyvtet1Dnj_-pT5pnOd8AIKJUT5sTIQephJSnzc-r-ZCid8wd8rQGW3wMbJwKJeaXZQ3E7Ez22z76UJgPs9_6EhMricay0F2PjSz7cL2j1tZGFW5mHyhXZZxjKu_qPFFJMe-p2v8glsvqDs-bJ9O4y_Ti_jxrvn78cLX53F5cfvqyeX_R2o7r0mroekvKIkcJyvbSQqdxdIg95xqhk4OjyWnifKsJLBeOJPIJhBNinHpx1rw5-u5T_L5SLmbx2dJuNwaKazaoBtFppWCo6Ov_0Ju4plBfZ3BABDXUVSk8UrZ-KSeazD75ZUwHw8Hc5mKOuZiai7nLxegqenVvvW4Xcn8kv4OogDgCuY7CNaW_dz9g-wvS25li</recordid><startdate>20230701</startdate><enddate>20230701</enddate><creator>Wu, Lingge</creator><creator>Xu, Yan</creator><creator>Wang, Xiang</creator><creator>Cheng, Xinqi</creator><creator>Zhang, Yuelun</creator><creator>Wang, Yingyi</creator><creator>Fan, Xinrong</creator><creator>Zhao, Haitao</creator><creator>Liu, He</creator><creator>Chai, Xiaofeng</creator><creator>Zhang, Li</creator><creator>Wang, Mengzhao</creator><creator>Li, Naishi</creator><creator>Pan, Hui</creator><creator>Lian, Xiaolan</creator><general>Springer US</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2261-7349</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20230701</creationdate><title>Thyroid dysfunction after immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment in a single-center Chinese cohort: a retrospective study</title><author>Wu, Lingge ; Xu, Yan ; Wang, Xiang ; Cheng, Xinqi ; Zhang, Yuelun ; Wang, Yingyi ; Fan, Xinrong ; Zhao, Haitao ; Liu, He ; Chai, Xiaofeng ; Zhang, Li ; Wang, Mengzhao ; Li, Naishi ; Pan, Hui ; Lian, Xiaolan</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c419t-9045ce7c212607c56c0492ad22511920468defd9e11b9e0c13de621f03d33af53</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>Adverse events</topic><topic>Autoantibodies</topic><topic>Biochemical characteristics</topic><topic>Diabetes</topic><topic>East Asian People</topic><topic>Endocrinology</topic><topic>Humanities and Social Sciences</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Hypothyroidism</topic><topic>Hypothyroidism - chemically induced</topic><topic>Hypothyroidism - epidemiology</topic><topic>Immune checkpoint inhibitors</topic><topic>Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors - adverse effects</topic><topic>Immunotherapy</topic><topic>Internal Medicine</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Medicine & Public Health</topic><topic>multidisciplinary</topic><topic>Original Article</topic><topic>Patients</topic><topic>PD-1 protein</topic><topic>Phenotypes</topic><topic>Retrospective Studies</topic><topic>Science</topic><topic>Survival</topic><topic>Thyroglobulin</topic><topic>Thyroid diseases</topic><topic>Thyroid Diseases - chemically induced</topic><topic>Thyroid gland</topic><topic>Thyroid-stimulating hormone</topic><topic>Thyrotoxicosis</topic><topic>Thyrotropin</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Wu, Lingge</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xu, Yan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Xiang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cheng, Xinqi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Yuelun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Yingyi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fan, Xinrong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhao, Haitao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, He</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chai, Xiaofeng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Li</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Mengzhao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Naishi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pan, Hui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lian, Xiaolan</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Endocrine</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Wu, Lingge</au><au>Xu, Yan</au><au>Wang, Xiang</au><au>Cheng, Xinqi</au><au>Zhang, Yuelun</au><au>Wang, Yingyi</au><au>Fan, Xinrong</au><au>Zhao, Haitao</au><au>Liu, He</au><au>Chai, Xiaofeng</au><au>Zhang, Li</au><au>Wang, Mengzhao</au><au>Li, Naishi</au><au>Pan, Hui</au><au>Lian, Xiaolan</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Thyroid dysfunction after immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment in a single-center Chinese cohort: a retrospective study</atitle><jtitle>Endocrine</jtitle><stitle>Endocrine</stitle><addtitle>Endocrine</addtitle><date>2023-07-01</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>81</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>123</spage><epage>133</epage><pages>123-133</pages><issn>1559-0100</issn><issn>1355-008X</issn><eissn>1559-0100</eissn><abstract>Background
Thyroid dysfunction is a common adverse event after immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy. The clinical manifestations of thyroid immune-related adverse events (irAEs) are variable and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.
Purpose
To identify the clinical and biochemical characteristics of Chinese patients with ICI-related thyroid dysfunction.
Methods
We retrospectively reviewed patients with carcinoma who received ICI therapy and underwent evaluation of thyroid function during hospitalization at Peking Union Medical College Hospital between January 1, 2017 and December 31, 2020. Clinical and biochemical features were analyzed in patients who developed ICI-related thyroid dysfunction. Survival analyses were performed to determine the effect of thyroid autoantibodies on thyroid abnormalities and the impact of thyroid irAEs on clinical outcomes.
Results
The cohort included 270 patients with a median follow-up of 17.7 months; 120 (44%) of these patients developed thyroid dysfunction on immunotherapy. The most common thyroid irAE was overt hypothyroidism (with/without transient thyrotoxicosis), which occurred in 38% of patients (
n
= 45), followed by subclinical thyrotoxicosis (
n
= 42), subclinical hypothyroidism (
n
= 27), and isolated overt thyrotoxicosis (
n
= 6). The median time to first clinical presentation was 49 days (interquartile range 23, 93) for thyrotoxicosis and 98 days (interquartile range 51, 172) for hypothyroidism. In patients treated with PD-1 inhibitors, hypothyroidism was strongly associated with younger age (odds ratio [OR] 0.44, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.29–0.67;
P
< 0.001), previous thyroid disease (OR 4.30, 95% CI 1.54–11.99;
P
= 0.005), and a higher baseline thyroid-stimulating hormone level (OR 2.76, 95% CI 1.80–4.23;
P
< 0.001). Thyrotoxicosis was only associated with the baseline thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level (OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.37–0.94;
P
= 0.025). Thyroid dysfunction after initiation of ICI therapy was associated with better progression-free survival (hazard ratio [HR] 0.61, 95% CI 0.44–0.86;
P
= 0.005) and overall survival (hazard ratio 0.67, 95% CI 0.45–0.99;
P
= 0.046). Anti-thyroglobulin antibody positivity increased the risk of thyroid irAEs.
Conclusions
The occurrence of thyroid irAEs with diverse phenotypes is common. Distinct clinical and biochemical characteristics suggest heterogeneity among different subgroups of thyroid dysfunction, which requires further research to explore the under mechanism.</abstract><cop>New York</cop><pub>Springer US</pub><pmid>36867366</pmid><doi>10.1007/s12020-023-03323-9</doi><tpages>11</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2261-7349</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
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| ispartof | Endocrine, 2023-07, Vol.81 (1), p.123-133 |
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| language | eng |
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| source | MEDLINE; Springer Nature - Complete Springer Journals |
| subjects | Adverse events Autoantibodies Biochemical characteristics Diabetes East Asian People Endocrinology Humanities and Social Sciences Humans Hypothyroidism Hypothyroidism - chemically induced Hypothyroidism - epidemiology Immune checkpoint inhibitors Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors - adverse effects Immunotherapy Internal Medicine Medicine Medicine & Public Health multidisciplinary Original Article Patients PD-1 protein Phenotypes Retrospective Studies Science Survival Thyroglobulin Thyroid diseases Thyroid Diseases - chemically induced Thyroid gland Thyroid-stimulating hormone Thyrotoxicosis Thyrotropin |
| title | Thyroid dysfunction after immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment in a single-center Chinese cohort: a retrospective study |
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