Long-term consumption of fermented pork fat-based diets differing in calorie, fat content, and fatty acid levels mediates oxidative stress, inflammation, redox imbalance, germ cell apoptosis, disruption of steroidogenesis, and testicular dysfunction in Wistar rats
There is a dearth of experimental evidence available as to whether the consumption of fermented pork fat (FPF) food has any harmful effects on metabolism and reproduction due to its excessive calories, high fat content, and fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) levels. We hypothesized that exposure to a FP...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Environmental science and pollution research international 2023-04, Vol.30 (18), p.52446-52471 |
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| creator | Lalrinzuali, Sailo Khushboo, Maurya Dinata, Roy Bhanushree, Baishya Nisa, Nisekhoto Bidanchi, Rema Momin Laskar, Saeed-Ahmed Manikandan, Bose Abinash, Giri Pori, Buragohain Roy, Vikas Kumar Gurusubramanian, Guruswami |
| description | There is a dearth of experimental evidence available as to whether the consumption of fermented pork fat (FPF) food has any harmful effects on metabolism and reproduction due to its excessive calories, high fat content, and fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) levels. We hypothesized that exposure to a FPF-diet with excessive calories, a high fat content, and high FAME levels alters testicular physiology and metabolism, leading to permanent damage to the testicular system and its function. Thirteen-week-old male rats (
n
= 20) were assigned to a high-calorie, high-fat diet (FPF-H, fat-60%, 23 kJ/g), a moderate-calorie, moderate-fat diet (FPF-M, fat-30%, 17.5 kJ/g), a low-calorie and low-fat diet (FPF-L, fat-15%, 14.21 kJ/g) compared to the standard diet (Control, fat-11%, 12.56 kJ/g) orally for 90 days. GC–MS analysis of the three FPF-diets showed high quantities of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids-ω6 (PUFA-ω6) and low levels of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids-ω3 (PUFA-ω3) compared to the control diet. Consequently, the levels of serum FAMEs of the FPF-diet fed rats were significantly increased. In addition, a high level of n-6:n-3 PUFA towards PUFA-ω6 was observed in the serum of FPF-diet fed rats due to the high content of linoleic, γ-linolenic, and arachidonic acid. Long-term consumption of FPF-diets disturbed the anthropometrical, nutritional, physiological, and metabolic profiles. Furthermore, administration of FPF-diets generated metabolic syndrome (dyslipidemia, leptinemia, insulin resistance, obesity, hepato-renal disorder and function), increased the cardiovascular risk factors, and triggered serum and testis inflammatory markers (interleukin-1↑, interleukin-6↑, interleukin-10↓, leukotriene B4↑, prostaglandin↑, nitric oxide↑, myeloperoxidase↑, lactate dehydrogenase↑, and tumor necrosis factor-α↑). Activated testis oxidative stress (conjugated dienes↑, lipid hydroperoxides↑, malondialdehyde↑, protein carbonyl↑, and fragmented DNA↑) and depleted antioxidant reserve (catalase↓, superoxide dismutase↓, glutathione S-transferase↓, reduced glutathione↓, glutathione disulfide↑, and GSH:GSSG ratio↓) were observed in FPF-diet fed rats. Disrupted testis histoarchitecture, progressive deterioration of spermatogenesis, poor sperm quality and functional indices, significant alterations in the reproductive hormones (serum and testis testosterone↓, serum estradiol↑, serum luteinizing hormone↓, and follicl |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s11356-023-26018-0 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_2780079867</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2780079867</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-57013613aa406bf9a46953bde02333036c404b419d4708f5dc08670dba80d23f3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9ksuO1DAQRQMC0cPAD7BAltiw6EA5TuexRCNeUktsQCyjSmy3PCR2cDmj6b-n0j0MiAWbOC6fe32tqix7IeGNBKjfkpRqV-VQqLyoQDY5PMwuZCXLvC7b9tFf_5vsKdE1QAFtUT_JNqpqSmjq5uLBZh_8IU8mTmIInpZpTi54EaywXDM-GS3mEH8IiynvkXirnUnEX8uE8wfhvBhwDNGZ7UqtPomFW4Fer4V0FDg4LUZzY0YSk9EOkyERbp3G5G6MoBQN0Zad7IjThGuErYhGh1vhph5H9AObH04pzTgKnMOcAjnWaEdxuQ9N_JLgdDgYb07Hawa-LLlhGTEKfSS7-OGEc-7vjhJXIyZ6lj22OJJ5frdeZt8-vP969Snff_n4-erdPh9UvUv5rgapKqkQS6h622JZtTvVa8NdUApUNZRQ9qVsdVlDY3d6gKaqQffYgC6UVZfZ67PvHMPPhZN1k6P1UehNWKgr6oZ727KI0Vf_oNdhiZ7TdUWzMhKqhqniTA0xEEVjuzm6CeOxk9Ctc9Kd56TjhN1pTjpg0cs766XnhtxLfg8GA-oM0Lw22cQ_d__H9hfmEs3B</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2807981068</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Long-term consumption of fermented pork fat-based diets differing in calorie, fat content, and fatty acid levels mediates oxidative stress, inflammation, redox imbalance, germ cell apoptosis, disruption of steroidogenesis, and testicular dysfunction in Wistar rats</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>SpringerNature Journals</source><creator>Lalrinzuali, Sailo ; Khushboo, Maurya ; Dinata, Roy ; Bhanushree, Baishya ; Nisa, Nisekhoto ; Bidanchi, Rema Momin ; Laskar, Saeed-Ahmed ; Manikandan, Bose ; Abinash, Giri ; Pori, Buragohain ; Roy, Vikas Kumar ; Gurusubramanian, Guruswami</creator><creatorcontrib>Lalrinzuali, Sailo ; Khushboo, Maurya ; Dinata, Roy ; Bhanushree, Baishya ; Nisa, Nisekhoto ; Bidanchi, Rema Momin ; Laskar, Saeed-Ahmed ; Manikandan, Bose ; Abinash, Giri ; Pori, Buragohain ; Roy, Vikas Kumar ; Gurusubramanian, Guruswami</creatorcontrib><description>There is a dearth of experimental evidence available as to whether the consumption of fermented pork fat (FPF) food has any harmful effects on metabolism and reproduction due to its excessive calories, high fat content, and fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) levels. We hypothesized that exposure to a FPF-diet with excessive calories, a high fat content, and high FAME levels alters testicular physiology and metabolism, leading to permanent damage to the testicular system and its function. Thirteen-week-old male rats (
n
= 20) were assigned to a high-calorie, high-fat diet (FPF-H, fat-60%, 23 kJ/g), a moderate-calorie, moderate-fat diet (FPF-M, fat-30%, 17.5 kJ/g), a low-calorie and low-fat diet (FPF-L, fat-15%, 14.21 kJ/g) compared to the standard diet (Control, fat-11%, 12.56 kJ/g) orally for 90 days. GC–MS analysis of the three FPF-diets showed high quantities of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids-ω6 (PUFA-ω6) and low levels of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids-ω3 (PUFA-ω3) compared to the control diet. Consequently, the levels of serum FAMEs of the FPF-diet fed rats were significantly increased. In addition, a high level of n-6:n-3 PUFA towards PUFA-ω6 was observed in the serum of FPF-diet fed rats due to the high content of linoleic, γ-linolenic, and arachidonic acid. Long-term consumption of FPF-diets disturbed the anthropometrical, nutritional, physiological, and metabolic profiles. Furthermore, administration of FPF-diets generated metabolic syndrome (dyslipidemia, leptinemia, insulin resistance, obesity, hepato-renal disorder and function), increased the cardiovascular risk factors, and triggered serum and testis inflammatory markers (interleukin-1↑, interleukin-6↑, interleukin-10↓, leukotriene B4↑, prostaglandin↑, nitric oxide↑, myeloperoxidase↑, lactate dehydrogenase↑, and tumor necrosis factor-α↑). Activated testis oxidative stress (conjugated dienes↑, lipid hydroperoxides↑, malondialdehyde↑, protein carbonyl↑, and fragmented DNA↑) and depleted antioxidant reserve (catalase↓, superoxide dismutase↓, glutathione S-transferase↓, reduced glutathione↓, glutathione disulfide↑, and GSH:GSSG ratio↓) were observed in FPF-diet fed rats. Disrupted testis histoarchitecture, progressive deterioration of spermatogenesis, poor sperm quality and functional indices, significant alterations in the reproductive hormones (serum and testis testosterone↓, serum estradiol↑, serum luteinizing hormone↓, and follicle-stimulating hormone↑), were noted in rats fed with FPF diets than in the control diet. Severe steroidogenic impairment (steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, StAR↓; 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, 3β-HSD↓; and luteinizing hormone receptor, LHR↓), deficiency in germ cells proliferation (proliferating cell nuclear antigen, PCNA↓), and abnormally enhanced testicular germ cell apoptosis (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling, TUNEL assay↑; B-cell lymphoma-2, BCL-2↓; Bcl-2-associated X protein, BAX↑; and BAX/BCL-2 ratio↑) were remarked in the FPF-diet administered rats in comparison with the control diet. In conclusion, the long-term feeding of an FPF-diet with excessive calories, a high fat content, and high FAME levels induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis, resulting in metabolic syndrome and hampering male reproductive system and functions. Therefore, the adoption of FPF diets correlates with irreversible changes in testis metabolism, steroidogenesis, germ cell proliferation, and apoptosis, which are related to permanent damage to the testicular system and function later in life.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1614-7499</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 0944-1344</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1614-7499</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26018-0</identifier><identifier>PMID: 36840878</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher><subject>Activated carbon ; Animal fat ; Animals ; Antigens ; Apoptosis ; Aquatic Pollution ; Arachidonic acid ; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution ; BAX protein ; Bcl-2 protein ; Bcl-x protein ; Beta cells ; Calories ; Carbonyl compounds ; Carbonyls ; Cardiovascular diseases ; Catalase ; Cell proliferation ; Cytokines ; Damage ; Dehydrogenase ; Dehydrogenases ; Dienes ; Diet ; Diet, High-Fat - adverse effects ; DNA nucleotidylexotransferase ; Dyslipidemia ; Earth and Environmental Science ; Ecotoxicology ; Environment ; Environmental Chemistry ; Environmental Health ; Environmental science ; Fatty acids ; Fatty Acids - metabolism ; Fatty Acids, Omega-3 - pharmacology ; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated - metabolism ; Follicle-stimulating hormone ; Germ cells ; Germ Cells - metabolism ; Glutathione ; Glutathione - metabolism ; Glutathione transferase ; Health risks ; High fat diet ; Hormones ; Hydroxysteroids ; Inflammation ; Inflammation - metabolism ; Interleukin 1 ; Interleukin 10 ; Interleukin 6 ; Interleukins ; Lactate dehydrogenase ; Lipids ; Lymphoma ; Male ; Males ; Metabolic disorders ; Metabolic Syndrome ; Nitric oxide ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxidative Stress ; Physiology ; Polyunsaturated fatty acids ; Pork ; Pork Meat ; Proteins ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Red Meat ; Reproductive system ; Research Article ; Risk factors ; Semen - metabolism ; Sex hormones ; Spermatogenesis ; Superoxide dismutase ; Swine ; Testes ; Testis ; Testosterone ; Waste Water Technology ; Water Management ; Water Pollution Control</subject><ispartof>Environmental science and pollution research international, 2023-04, Vol.30 (18), p.52446-52471</ispartof><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.</rights><rights>2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-57013613aa406bf9a46953bde02333036c404b419d4708f5dc08670dba80d23f3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-57013613aa406bf9a46953bde02333036c404b419d4708f5dc08670dba80d23f3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-3747-2074</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11356-023-26018-0$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11356-023-26018-0$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925,41488,42557,51319</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36840878$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Lalrinzuali, Sailo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Khushboo, Maurya</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dinata, Roy</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bhanushree, Baishya</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nisa, Nisekhoto</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bidanchi, Rema Momin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Laskar, Saeed-Ahmed</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Manikandan, Bose</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Abinash, Giri</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pori, Buragohain</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Roy, Vikas Kumar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gurusubramanian, Guruswami</creatorcontrib><title>Long-term consumption of fermented pork fat-based diets differing in calorie, fat content, and fatty acid levels mediates oxidative stress, inflammation, redox imbalance, germ cell apoptosis, disruption of steroidogenesis, and testicular dysfunction in Wistar rats</title><title>Environmental science and pollution research international</title><addtitle>Environ Sci Pollut Res</addtitle><addtitle>Environ Sci Pollut Res Int</addtitle><description>There is a dearth of experimental evidence available as to whether the consumption of fermented pork fat (FPF) food has any harmful effects on metabolism and reproduction due to its excessive calories, high fat content, and fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) levels. We hypothesized that exposure to a FPF-diet with excessive calories, a high fat content, and high FAME levels alters testicular physiology and metabolism, leading to permanent damage to the testicular system and its function. Thirteen-week-old male rats (
n
= 20) were assigned to a high-calorie, high-fat diet (FPF-H, fat-60%, 23 kJ/g), a moderate-calorie, moderate-fat diet (FPF-M, fat-30%, 17.5 kJ/g), a low-calorie and low-fat diet (FPF-L, fat-15%, 14.21 kJ/g) compared to the standard diet (Control, fat-11%, 12.56 kJ/g) orally for 90 days. GC–MS analysis of the three FPF-diets showed high quantities of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids-ω6 (PUFA-ω6) and low levels of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids-ω3 (PUFA-ω3) compared to the control diet. Consequently, the levels of serum FAMEs of the FPF-diet fed rats were significantly increased. In addition, a high level of n-6:n-3 PUFA towards PUFA-ω6 was observed in the serum of FPF-diet fed rats due to the high content of linoleic, γ-linolenic, and arachidonic acid. Long-term consumption of FPF-diets disturbed the anthropometrical, nutritional, physiological, and metabolic profiles. Furthermore, administration of FPF-diets generated metabolic syndrome (dyslipidemia, leptinemia, insulin resistance, obesity, hepato-renal disorder and function), increased the cardiovascular risk factors, and triggered serum and testis inflammatory markers (interleukin-1↑, interleukin-6↑, interleukin-10↓, leukotriene B4↑, prostaglandin↑, nitric oxide↑, myeloperoxidase↑, lactate dehydrogenase↑, and tumor necrosis factor-α↑). Activated testis oxidative stress (conjugated dienes↑, lipid hydroperoxides↑, malondialdehyde↑, protein carbonyl↑, and fragmented DNA↑) and depleted antioxidant reserve (catalase↓, superoxide dismutase↓, glutathione S-transferase↓, reduced glutathione↓, glutathione disulfide↑, and GSH:GSSG ratio↓) were observed in FPF-diet fed rats. Disrupted testis histoarchitecture, progressive deterioration of spermatogenesis, poor sperm quality and functional indices, significant alterations in the reproductive hormones (serum and testis testosterone↓, serum estradiol↑, serum luteinizing hormone↓, and follicle-stimulating hormone↑), were noted in rats fed with FPF diets than in the control diet. Severe steroidogenic impairment (steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, StAR↓; 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, 3β-HSD↓; and luteinizing hormone receptor, LHR↓), deficiency in germ cells proliferation (proliferating cell nuclear antigen, PCNA↓), and abnormally enhanced testicular germ cell apoptosis (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling, TUNEL assay↑; B-cell lymphoma-2, BCL-2↓; Bcl-2-associated X protein, BAX↑; and BAX/BCL-2 ratio↑) were remarked in the FPF-diet administered rats in comparison with the control diet. In conclusion, the long-term feeding of an FPF-diet with excessive calories, a high fat content, and high FAME levels induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis, resulting in metabolic syndrome and hampering male reproductive system and functions. Therefore, the adoption of FPF diets correlates with irreversible changes in testis metabolism, steroidogenesis, germ cell proliferation, and apoptosis, which are related to permanent damage to the testicular system and function later in life.</description><subject>Activated carbon</subject><subject>Animal fat</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Antigens</subject><subject>Apoptosis</subject><subject>Aquatic Pollution</subject><subject>Arachidonic acid</subject><subject>Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution</subject><subject>BAX protein</subject><subject>Bcl-2 protein</subject><subject>Bcl-x protein</subject><subject>Beta cells</subject><subject>Calories</subject><subject>Carbonyl compounds</subject><subject>Carbonyls</subject><subject>Cardiovascular diseases</subject><subject>Catalase</subject><subject>Cell proliferation</subject><subject>Cytokines</subject><subject>Damage</subject><subject>Dehydrogenase</subject><subject>Dehydrogenases</subject><subject>Dienes</subject><subject>Diet</subject><subject>Diet, High-Fat - adverse effects</subject><subject>DNA nucleotidylexotransferase</subject><subject>Dyslipidemia</subject><subject>Earth and Environmental Science</subject><subject>Ecotoxicology</subject><subject>Environment</subject><subject>Environmental Chemistry</subject><subject>Environmental Health</subject><subject>Environmental science</subject><subject>Fatty acids</subject><subject>Fatty Acids - metabolism</subject><subject>Fatty Acids, Omega-3 - pharmacology</subject><subject>Fatty Acids, Unsaturated - metabolism</subject><subject>Follicle-stimulating hormone</subject><subject>Germ cells</subject><subject>Germ Cells - metabolism</subject><subject>Glutathione</subject><subject>Glutathione - metabolism</subject><subject>Glutathione transferase</subject><subject>Health risks</subject><subject>High fat diet</subject><subject>Hormones</subject><subject>Hydroxysteroids</subject><subject>Inflammation</subject><subject>Inflammation - metabolism</subject><subject>Interleukin 1</subject><subject>Interleukin 10</subject><subject>Interleukin 6</subject><subject>Interleukins</subject><subject>Lactate dehydrogenase</subject><subject>Lipids</subject><subject>Lymphoma</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Males</subject><subject>Metabolic disorders</subject><subject>Metabolic Syndrome</subject><subject>Nitric oxide</subject><subject>Oxidation-Reduction</subject><subject>Oxidative Stress</subject><subject>Physiology</subject><subject>Polyunsaturated fatty acids</subject><subject>Pork</subject><subject>Pork Meat</subject><subject>Proteins</subject><subject>Rats</subject><subject>Rats, Wistar</subject><subject>Red Meat</subject><subject>Reproductive system</subject><subject>Research Article</subject><subject>Risk factors</subject><subject>Semen - metabolism</subject><subject>Sex hormones</subject><subject>Spermatogenesis</subject><subject>Superoxide dismutase</subject><subject>Swine</subject><subject>Testes</subject><subject>Testis</subject><subject>Testosterone</subject><subject>Waste Water Technology</subject><subject>Water Management</subject><subject>Water Pollution Control</subject><issn>1614-7499</issn><issn>0944-1344</issn><issn>1614-7499</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNp9ksuO1DAQRQMC0cPAD7BAltiw6EA5TuexRCNeUktsQCyjSmy3PCR2cDmj6b-n0j0MiAWbOC6fe32tqix7IeGNBKjfkpRqV-VQqLyoQDY5PMwuZCXLvC7b9tFf_5vsKdE1QAFtUT_JNqpqSmjq5uLBZh_8IU8mTmIInpZpTi54EaywXDM-GS3mEH8IiynvkXirnUnEX8uE8wfhvBhwDNGZ7UqtPomFW4Fer4V0FDg4LUZzY0YSk9EOkyERbp3G5G6MoBQN0Zad7IjThGuErYhGh1vhph5H9AObH04pzTgKnMOcAjnWaEdxuQ9N_JLgdDgYb07Hawa-LLlhGTEKfSS7-OGEc-7vjhJXIyZ6lj22OJJ5frdeZt8-vP969Snff_n4-erdPh9UvUv5rgapKqkQS6h622JZtTvVa8NdUApUNZRQ9qVsdVlDY3d6gKaqQffYgC6UVZfZ67PvHMPPhZN1k6P1UehNWKgr6oZ727KI0Vf_oNdhiZ7TdUWzMhKqhqniTA0xEEVjuzm6CeOxk9Ctc9Kd56TjhN1pTjpg0cs766XnhtxLfg8GA-oM0Lw22cQ_d__H9hfmEs3B</recordid><startdate>20230401</startdate><enddate>20230401</enddate><creator>Lalrinzuali, Sailo</creator><creator>Khushboo, Maurya</creator><creator>Dinata, Roy</creator><creator>Bhanushree, Baishya</creator><creator>Nisa, Nisekhoto</creator><creator>Bidanchi, Rema Momin</creator><creator>Laskar, Saeed-Ahmed</creator><creator>Manikandan, Bose</creator><creator>Abinash, Giri</creator><creator>Pori, Buragohain</creator><creator>Roy, Vikas Kumar</creator><creator>Gurusubramanian, Guruswami</creator><general>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7TV</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>7WY</scope><scope>7WZ</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>87Z</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8FL</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BEZIV</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FRNLG</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>F~G</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K60</scope><scope>K6~</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>L.-</scope><scope>M0C</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PQBIZ</scope><scope>PQBZA</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3747-2074</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20230401</creationdate><title>Long-term consumption of fermented pork fat-based diets differing in calorie, fat content, and fatty acid levels mediates oxidative stress, inflammation, redox imbalance, germ cell apoptosis, disruption of steroidogenesis, and testicular dysfunction in Wistar rats</title><author>Lalrinzuali, Sailo ; Khushboo, Maurya ; Dinata, Roy ; Bhanushree, Baishya ; Nisa, Nisekhoto ; Bidanchi, Rema Momin ; Laskar, Saeed-Ahmed ; Manikandan, Bose ; Abinash, Giri ; Pori, Buragohain ; Roy, Vikas Kumar ; Gurusubramanian, Guruswami</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-57013613aa406bf9a46953bde02333036c404b419d4708f5dc08670dba80d23f3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>Activated carbon</topic><topic>Animal fat</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Antigens</topic><topic>Apoptosis</topic><topic>Aquatic Pollution</topic><topic>Arachidonic acid</topic><topic>Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution</topic><topic>BAX protein</topic><topic>Bcl-2 protein</topic><topic>Bcl-x protein</topic><topic>Beta cells</topic><topic>Calories</topic><topic>Carbonyl compounds</topic><topic>Carbonyls</topic><topic>Cardiovascular diseases</topic><topic>Catalase</topic><topic>Cell proliferation</topic><topic>Cytokines</topic><topic>Damage</topic><topic>Dehydrogenase</topic><topic>Dehydrogenases</topic><topic>Dienes</topic><topic>Diet</topic><topic>Diet, High-Fat - adverse effects</topic><topic>DNA nucleotidylexotransferase</topic><topic>Dyslipidemia</topic><topic>Earth and Environmental Science</topic><topic>Ecotoxicology</topic><topic>Environment</topic><topic>Environmental Chemistry</topic><topic>Environmental Health</topic><topic>Environmental science</topic><topic>Fatty acids</topic><topic>Fatty Acids - metabolism</topic><topic>Fatty Acids, Omega-3 - pharmacology</topic><topic>Fatty Acids, Unsaturated - metabolism</topic><topic>Follicle-stimulating hormone</topic><topic>Germ cells</topic><topic>Germ Cells - metabolism</topic><topic>Glutathione</topic><topic>Glutathione - metabolism</topic><topic>Glutathione transferase</topic><topic>Health risks</topic><topic>High fat diet</topic><topic>Hormones</topic><topic>Hydroxysteroids</topic><topic>Inflammation</topic><topic>Inflammation - metabolism</topic><topic>Interleukin 1</topic><topic>Interleukin 10</topic><topic>Interleukin 6</topic><topic>Interleukins</topic><topic>Lactate dehydrogenase</topic><topic>Lipids</topic><topic>Lymphoma</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Males</topic><topic>Metabolic disorders</topic><topic>Metabolic Syndrome</topic><topic>Nitric oxide</topic><topic>Oxidation-Reduction</topic><topic>Oxidative Stress</topic><topic>Physiology</topic><topic>Polyunsaturated fatty acids</topic><topic>Pork</topic><topic>Pork Meat</topic><topic>Proteins</topic><topic>Rats</topic><topic>Rats, Wistar</topic><topic>Red Meat</topic><topic>Reproductive system</topic><topic>Research Article</topic><topic>Risk factors</topic><topic>Semen - metabolism</topic><topic>Sex hormones</topic><topic>Spermatogenesis</topic><topic>Superoxide dismutase</topic><topic>Swine</topic><topic>Testes</topic><topic>Testis</topic><topic>Testosterone</topic><topic>Waste Water Technology</topic><topic>Water Management</topic><topic>Water Pollution Control</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Lalrinzuali, Sailo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Khushboo, Maurya</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dinata, Roy</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bhanushree, Baishya</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nisa, Nisekhoto</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bidanchi, Rema Momin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Laskar, Saeed-Ahmed</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Manikandan, Bose</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Abinash, Giri</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pori, Buragohain</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Roy, Vikas Kumar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gurusubramanian, Guruswami</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Pollution Abstracts</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Access via ABI/INFORM (ProQuest)</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Global (PDF only)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Global (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Science Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Business Premium Collection</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Business Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Global (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Business Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Business Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Professional Advanced</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Global</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Science Database</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Business</collection><collection>ProQuest One Business (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Environmental science and pollution research international</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Lalrinzuali, Sailo</au><au>Khushboo, Maurya</au><au>Dinata, Roy</au><au>Bhanushree, Baishya</au><au>Nisa, Nisekhoto</au><au>Bidanchi, Rema Momin</au><au>Laskar, Saeed-Ahmed</au><au>Manikandan, Bose</au><au>Abinash, Giri</au><au>Pori, Buragohain</au><au>Roy, Vikas Kumar</au><au>Gurusubramanian, Guruswami</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Long-term consumption of fermented pork fat-based diets differing in calorie, fat content, and fatty acid levels mediates oxidative stress, inflammation, redox imbalance, germ cell apoptosis, disruption of steroidogenesis, and testicular dysfunction in Wistar rats</atitle><jtitle>Environmental science and pollution research international</jtitle><stitle>Environ Sci Pollut Res</stitle><addtitle>Environ Sci Pollut Res Int</addtitle><date>2023-04-01</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>30</volume><issue>18</issue><spage>52446</spage><epage>52471</epage><pages>52446-52471</pages><issn>1614-7499</issn><issn>0944-1344</issn><eissn>1614-7499</eissn><abstract>There is a dearth of experimental evidence available as to whether the consumption of fermented pork fat (FPF) food has any harmful effects on metabolism and reproduction due to its excessive calories, high fat content, and fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) levels. We hypothesized that exposure to a FPF-diet with excessive calories, a high fat content, and high FAME levels alters testicular physiology and metabolism, leading to permanent damage to the testicular system and its function. Thirteen-week-old male rats (
n
= 20) were assigned to a high-calorie, high-fat diet (FPF-H, fat-60%, 23 kJ/g), a moderate-calorie, moderate-fat diet (FPF-M, fat-30%, 17.5 kJ/g), a low-calorie and low-fat diet (FPF-L, fat-15%, 14.21 kJ/g) compared to the standard diet (Control, fat-11%, 12.56 kJ/g) orally for 90 days. GC–MS analysis of the three FPF-diets showed high quantities of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids-ω6 (PUFA-ω6) and low levels of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids-ω3 (PUFA-ω3) compared to the control diet. Consequently, the levels of serum FAMEs of the FPF-diet fed rats were significantly increased. In addition, a high level of n-6:n-3 PUFA towards PUFA-ω6 was observed in the serum of FPF-diet fed rats due to the high content of linoleic, γ-linolenic, and arachidonic acid. Long-term consumption of FPF-diets disturbed the anthropometrical, nutritional, physiological, and metabolic profiles. Furthermore, administration of FPF-diets generated metabolic syndrome (dyslipidemia, leptinemia, insulin resistance, obesity, hepato-renal disorder and function), increased the cardiovascular risk factors, and triggered serum and testis inflammatory markers (interleukin-1↑, interleukin-6↑, interleukin-10↓, leukotriene B4↑, prostaglandin↑, nitric oxide↑, myeloperoxidase↑, lactate dehydrogenase↑, and tumor necrosis factor-α↑). Activated testis oxidative stress (conjugated dienes↑, lipid hydroperoxides↑, malondialdehyde↑, protein carbonyl↑, and fragmented DNA↑) and depleted antioxidant reserve (catalase↓, superoxide dismutase↓, glutathione S-transferase↓, reduced glutathione↓, glutathione disulfide↑, and GSH:GSSG ratio↓) were observed in FPF-diet fed rats. Disrupted testis histoarchitecture, progressive deterioration of spermatogenesis, poor sperm quality and functional indices, significant alterations in the reproductive hormones (serum and testis testosterone↓, serum estradiol↑, serum luteinizing hormone↓, and follicle-stimulating hormone↑), were noted in rats fed with FPF diets than in the control diet. Severe steroidogenic impairment (steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, StAR↓; 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, 3β-HSD↓; and luteinizing hormone receptor, LHR↓), deficiency in germ cells proliferation (proliferating cell nuclear antigen, PCNA↓), and abnormally enhanced testicular germ cell apoptosis (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling, TUNEL assay↑; B-cell lymphoma-2, BCL-2↓; Bcl-2-associated X protein, BAX↑; and BAX/BCL-2 ratio↑) were remarked in the FPF-diet administered rats in comparison with the control diet. In conclusion, the long-term feeding of an FPF-diet with excessive calories, a high fat content, and high FAME levels induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis, resulting in metabolic syndrome and hampering male reproductive system and functions. Therefore, the adoption of FPF diets correlates with irreversible changes in testis metabolism, steroidogenesis, germ cell proliferation, and apoptosis, which are related to permanent damage to the testicular system and function later in life.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</pub><pmid>36840878</pmid><doi>10.1007/s11356-023-26018-0</doi><tpages>26</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3747-2074</orcidid></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1614-7499 |
| ispartof | Environmental science and pollution research international, 2023-04, Vol.30 (18), p.52446-52471 |
| issn | 1614-7499 0944-1344 1614-7499 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_2780079867 |
| source | MEDLINE; SpringerNature Journals |
| subjects | Activated carbon Animal fat Animals Antigens Apoptosis Aquatic Pollution Arachidonic acid Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution BAX protein Bcl-2 protein Bcl-x protein Beta cells Calories Carbonyl compounds Carbonyls Cardiovascular diseases Catalase Cell proliferation Cytokines Damage Dehydrogenase Dehydrogenases Dienes Diet Diet, High-Fat - adverse effects DNA nucleotidylexotransferase Dyslipidemia Earth and Environmental Science Ecotoxicology Environment Environmental Chemistry Environmental Health Environmental science Fatty acids Fatty Acids - metabolism Fatty Acids, Omega-3 - pharmacology Fatty Acids, Unsaturated - metabolism Follicle-stimulating hormone Germ cells Germ Cells - metabolism Glutathione Glutathione - metabolism Glutathione transferase Health risks High fat diet Hormones Hydroxysteroids Inflammation Inflammation - metabolism Interleukin 1 Interleukin 10 Interleukin 6 Interleukins Lactate dehydrogenase Lipids Lymphoma Male Males Metabolic disorders Metabolic Syndrome Nitric oxide Oxidation-Reduction Oxidative Stress Physiology Polyunsaturated fatty acids Pork Pork Meat Proteins Rats Rats, Wistar Red Meat Reproductive system Research Article Risk factors Semen - metabolism Sex hormones Spermatogenesis Superoxide dismutase Swine Testes Testis Testosterone Waste Water Technology Water Management Water Pollution Control |
| title | Long-term consumption of fermented pork fat-based diets differing in calorie, fat content, and fatty acid levels mediates oxidative stress, inflammation, redox imbalance, germ cell apoptosis, disruption of steroidogenesis, and testicular dysfunction in Wistar rats |
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