Exposure level of carbon monoxide and respirable suspended particulate in public transportation modes while commuting in urban area of Guangzhou, China
This study examined commuter exposure to respirable suspended particulate (PM 10 and PM 2.5) and carbon monoxide (CO) in public transportation modes in Guangzhou, China. During the sampling period, a total of 80 CO, 80 PM 10 and 56 PM 2.5 samples were conducted in four popular commuting modes (subwa...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Atmospheric environment (1994) 2002-12, Vol.36 (38), p.5831-5840 |
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| creator | Chan, L.Y Lau, W.L Zou, S.C Cao, Z.X Lai, S.C |
| description | This study examined commuter exposure to respirable suspended particulate (PM
10 and PM
2.5) and carbon monoxide (CO) in public transportation modes in Guangzhou, China. During the sampling period, a total of 80 CO, 80 PM
10 and 56 PM
2.5 samples were conducted in four popular commuting modes (subway, air-conditioned bus, non-air-conditioned bus and taxi) while running in typical urban routes. The results show that the PM
10 as well as CO level is greatly influenced by the mode of transport. The highest mean PM
10 and CO level was obtained in a non-air-conditioned bus
(203
μg
m
−3)
and in an air-conditioned taxi
(28.7
ppm)
, respectively. Noticeably, the exposure levels in subway are lower than those in the roadway transports. The ventilation condition of the transport is also a crucial factor affecting the in-vehicle level. There was statistically significant difference of
PM
10
(p |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/S1352-2310(02)00687-8 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_27794978</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><els_id>S1352231002006878</els_id><sourcerecordid>14636910</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c430t-b5eae77bc9bee9d1778de97b5e4fb0f11dfde6710da593d639875120d7abfc543</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqFkdGK1TAQhosouK4-gpAbRcFq0qRNcyXLYV2FBS_U6zBJpnsibVKTZl19EV_X9pwVLw-5mBC--f_M_FX1nNG3jLLu3RfG26ZuOKOvaPOa0q6Xdf-gOmO95HXTC_Fwvf9DHldPcv5OKeVSybPqz-XdHHNJSEa8xZHEgVhIJgYyxRDvvEMCwZGEefYJzIgklzxjcOjIDGnxtoywIPGBzMWM3pIlQchzTAss_iDjMJOfe7-22jhNZfHhZsNLMhAIJITN9KpAuPm9j-UN2e19gKfVowHGjM_u63n17cPl193H-vrz1afdxXVtBadLbVoElNJYZRCVY1L2DpVcn8Vg6MCYGxx2klEHreKu46qXLWuok2AG2wp-Xr086s4p_iiYFz35bHEcIWAsWTdSKqFkfxJkHVvFlToNio53itEVbI-gTTHnhIOek58g_dKM6i1YfQhWb6lp2uhDsHr7yYt7A8gWxmHdt_X5f7Og6xHbaO-PHK77u_WYdLYeg0XnE9pFu-hPOP0F9Gy7Xg</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>14636910</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Exposure level of carbon monoxide and respirable suspended particulate in public transportation modes while commuting in urban area of Guangzhou, China</title><source>Access via ScienceDirect (Elsevier)</source><creator>Chan, L.Y ; Lau, W.L ; Zou, S.C ; Cao, Z.X ; Lai, S.C</creator><creatorcontrib>Chan, L.Y ; Lau, W.L ; Zou, S.C ; Cao, Z.X ; Lai, S.C</creatorcontrib><description>This study examined commuter exposure to respirable suspended particulate (PM
10 and PM
2.5) and carbon monoxide (CO) in public transportation modes in Guangzhou, China. During the sampling period, a total of 80 CO, 80 PM
10 and 56 PM
2.5 samples were conducted in four popular commuting modes (subway, air-conditioned bus, non-air-conditioned bus and taxi) while running in typical urban routes. The results show that the PM
10 as well as CO level is greatly influenced by the mode of transport. The highest mean PM
10 and CO level was obtained in a non-air-conditioned bus
(203
μg
m
−3)
and in an air-conditioned taxi
(28.7
ppm)
, respectively. Noticeably, the exposure levels in subway are lower than those in the roadway transports. The ventilation condition of the transport is also a crucial factor affecting the in-vehicle level. There was statistically significant difference of
PM
10
(p<0.01)
and CO (
p<0.01) level in taxi and
PM
10
(p<0.01)
level in bus between natural and mechanical ventilation. In this study, the effect of driving time has minor impact on the in-vehicle level. The exposure levels were only slightly lower in afternoon non-peak hour than in evening peak hour. This is related to the fact that the road traffic in the selected urban routes is dominated by the extensive use of public transports, which provide service at regular intervals regardless of the time of day. The PM
2.5 inter-microenvironment variation is similar to the pattern of PM
10. The PM
2.5 to PM
10 ratio in the transports was high, ranging from 76% to 83%. The poor vehicle emission controls, poor vehicle maintenance, plus the slow moving traffic condition with frequent stops are believed to be the major causes of high in-vehicle levels in some public commuting trips.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1352-2310</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-2844</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/S1352-2310(02)00687-8</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Air pollution ; Air. Soil. Water. Waste. Feeding ; Applied sciences ; Atmospheric pollution ; Biological and medical sciences ; Buses (vehicles) ; Carbon monoxide ; Commuter exposure ; Emissions control ; Environment. Living conditions ; Exact sciences and technology ; Exposure ; Maintenance ; Medical sciences ; Particles ; PM 10 ; PM 2.5 ; Pollution ; Pollution sources. Measurement results ; Public health. Hygiene ; Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine ; Public transportation ; Public transportation modes ; Roadways ; Routes ; Sampling ; Subways ; Traffic engineering ; Traffic flow ; Transports ; Urban areas ; Variations ; Ventilation</subject><ispartof>Atmospheric environment (1994), 2002-12, Vol.36 (38), p.5831-5840</ispartof><rights>2002 Elsevier Science Ltd</rights><rights>2003 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c430t-b5eae77bc9bee9d1778de97b5e4fb0f11dfde6710da593d639875120d7abfc543</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c430t-b5eae77bc9bee9d1778de97b5e4fb0f11dfde6710da593d639875120d7abfc543</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(02)00687-8$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,3550,27924,27925,45995</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=14040444$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Chan, L.Y</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lau, W.L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zou, S.C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cao, Z.X</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lai, S.C</creatorcontrib><title>Exposure level of carbon monoxide and respirable suspended particulate in public transportation modes while commuting in urban area of Guangzhou, China</title><title>Atmospheric environment (1994)</title><description>This study examined commuter exposure to respirable suspended particulate (PM
10 and PM
2.5) and carbon monoxide (CO) in public transportation modes in Guangzhou, China. During the sampling period, a total of 80 CO, 80 PM
10 and 56 PM
2.5 samples were conducted in four popular commuting modes (subway, air-conditioned bus, non-air-conditioned bus and taxi) while running in typical urban routes. The results show that the PM
10 as well as CO level is greatly influenced by the mode of transport. The highest mean PM
10 and CO level was obtained in a non-air-conditioned bus
(203
μg
m
−3)
and in an air-conditioned taxi
(28.7
ppm)
, respectively. Noticeably, the exposure levels in subway are lower than those in the roadway transports. The ventilation condition of the transport is also a crucial factor affecting the in-vehicle level. There was statistically significant difference of
PM
10
(p<0.01)
and CO (
p<0.01) level in taxi and
PM
10
(p<0.01)
level in bus between natural and mechanical ventilation. In this study, the effect of driving time has minor impact on the in-vehicle level. The exposure levels were only slightly lower in afternoon non-peak hour than in evening peak hour. This is related to the fact that the road traffic in the selected urban routes is dominated by the extensive use of public transports, which provide service at regular intervals regardless of the time of day. The PM
2.5 inter-microenvironment variation is similar to the pattern of PM
10. The PM
2.5 to PM
10 ratio in the transports was high, ranging from 76% to 83%. The poor vehicle emission controls, poor vehicle maintenance, plus the slow moving traffic condition with frequent stops are believed to be the major causes of high in-vehicle levels in some public commuting trips.</description><subject>Air pollution</subject><subject>Air. Soil. Water. Waste. Feeding</subject><subject>Applied sciences</subject><subject>Atmospheric pollution</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Buses (vehicles)</subject><subject>Carbon monoxide</subject><subject>Commuter exposure</subject><subject>Emissions control</subject><subject>Environment. Living conditions</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>Exposure</subject><subject>Maintenance</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Particles</subject><subject>PM 10</subject><subject>PM 2.5</subject><subject>Pollution</subject><subject>Pollution sources. Measurement results</subject><subject>Public health. Hygiene</subject><subject>Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine</subject><subject>Public transportation</subject><subject>Public transportation modes</subject><subject>Roadways</subject><subject>Routes</subject><subject>Sampling</subject><subject>Subways</subject><subject>Traffic engineering</subject><subject>Traffic flow</subject><subject>Transports</subject><subject>Urban areas</subject><subject>Variations</subject><subject>Ventilation</subject><issn>1352-2310</issn><issn>1873-2844</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2002</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqFkdGK1TAQhosouK4-gpAbRcFq0qRNcyXLYV2FBS_U6zBJpnsibVKTZl19EV_X9pwVLw-5mBC--f_M_FX1nNG3jLLu3RfG26ZuOKOvaPOa0q6Xdf-gOmO95HXTC_Fwvf9DHldPcv5OKeVSybPqz-XdHHNJSEa8xZHEgVhIJgYyxRDvvEMCwZGEefYJzIgklzxjcOjIDGnxtoywIPGBzMWM3pIlQchzTAss_iDjMJOfe7-22jhNZfHhZsNLMhAIJITN9KpAuPm9j-UN2e19gKfVowHGjM_u63n17cPl193H-vrz1afdxXVtBadLbVoElNJYZRCVY1L2DpVcn8Vg6MCYGxx2klEHreKu46qXLWuok2AG2wp-Xr086s4p_iiYFz35bHEcIWAsWTdSKqFkfxJkHVvFlToNio53itEVbI-gTTHnhIOek58g_dKM6i1YfQhWb6lp2uhDsHr7yYt7A8gWxmHdt_X5f7Og6xHbaO-PHK77u_WYdLYeg0XnE9pFu-hPOP0F9Gy7Xg</recordid><startdate>20021201</startdate><enddate>20021201</enddate><creator>Chan, L.Y</creator><creator>Lau, W.L</creator><creator>Zou, S.C</creator><creator>Cao, Z.X</creator><creator>Lai, S.C</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><general>Elsevier Science</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>SOI</scope><scope>7T2</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TV</scope><scope>7U2</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>H96</scope><scope>H97</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>7SU</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>KR7</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20021201</creationdate><title>Exposure level of carbon monoxide and respirable suspended particulate in public transportation modes while commuting in urban area of Guangzhou, China</title><author>Chan, L.Y ; Lau, W.L ; Zou, S.C ; Cao, Z.X ; Lai, S.C</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c430t-b5eae77bc9bee9d1778de97b5e4fb0f11dfde6710da593d639875120d7abfc543</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2002</creationdate><topic>Air pollution</topic><topic>Air. Soil. Water. Waste. Feeding</topic><topic>Applied sciences</topic><topic>Atmospheric pollution</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Buses (vehicles)</topic><topic>Carbon monoxide</topic><topic>Commuter exposure</topic><topic>Emissions control</topic><topic>Environment. Living conditions</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>Exposure</topic><topic>Maintenance</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Particles</topic><topic>PM 10</topic><topic>PM 2.5</topic><topic>Pollution</topic><topic>Pollution sources. Measurement results</topic><topic>Public health. Hygiene</topic><topic>Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine</topic><topic>Public transportation</topic><topic>Public transportation modes</topic><topic>Roadways</topic><topic>Routes</topic><topic>Sampling</topic><topic>Subways</topic><topic>Traffic engineering</topic><topic>Traffic flow</topic><topic>Transports</topic><topic>Urban areas</topic><topic>Variations</topic><topic>Ventilation</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Chan, L.Y</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lau, W.L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zou, S.C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cao, Z.X</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lai, S.C</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Health and Safety Science Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Pollution Abstracts</collection><collection>Safety Science and Risk</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 2: Ocean Technology, Policy & Non-Living Resources</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>Environmental Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Civil Engineering Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Atmospheric environment (1994)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Chan, L.Y</au><au>Lau, W.L</au><au>Zou, S.C</au><au>Cao, Z.X</au><au>Lai, S.C</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Exposure level of carbon monoxide and respirable suspended particulate in public transportation modes while commuting in urban area of Guangzhou, China</atitle><jtitle>Atmospheric environment (1994)</jtitle><date>2002-12-01</date><risdate>2002</risdate><volume>36</volume><issue>38</issue><spage>5831</spage><epage>5840</epage><pages>5831-5840</pages><issn>1352-2310</issn><eissn>1873-2844</eissn><abstract>This study examined commuter exposure to respirable suspended particulate (PM
10 and PM
2.5) and carbon monoxide (CO) in public transportation modes in Guangzhou, China. During the sampling period, a total of 80 CO, 80 PM
10 and 56 PM
2.5 samples were conducted in four popular commuting modes (subway, air-conditioned bus, non-air-conditioned bus and taxi) while running in typical urban routes. The results show that the PM
10 as well as CO level is greatly influenced by the mode of transport. The highest mean PM
10 and CO level was obtained in a non-air-conditioned bus
(203
μg
m
−3)
and in an air-conditioned taxi
(28.7
ppm)
, respectively. Noticeably, the exposure levels in subway are lower than those in the roadway transports. The ventilation condition of the transport is also a crucial factor affecting the in-vehicle level. There was statistically significant difference of
PM
10
(p<0.01)
and CO (
p<0.01) level in taxi and
PM
10
(p<0.01)
level in bus between natural and mechanical ventilation. In this study, the effect of driving time has minor impact on the in-vehicle level. The exposure levels were only slightly lower in afternoon non-peak hour than in evening peak hour. This is related to the fact that the road traffic in the selected urban routes is dominated by the extensive use of public transports, which provide service at regular intervals regardless of the time of day. The PM
2.5 inter-microenvironment variation is similar to the pattern of PM
10. The PM
2.5 to PM
10 ratio in the transports was high, ranging from 76% to 83%. The poor vehicle emission controls, poor vehicle maintenance, plus the slow moving traffic condition with frequent stops are believed to be the major causes of high in-vehicle levels in some public commuting trips.</abstract><cop>Oxford</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><doi>10.1016/S1352-2310(02)00687-8</doi><tpages>10</tpages></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1352-2310 |
| ispartof | Atmospheric environment (1994), 2002-12, Vol.36 (38), p.5831-5840 |
| issn | 1352-2310 1873-2844 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_27794978 |
| source | Access via ScienceDirect (Elsevier) |
| subjects | Air pollution Air. Soil. Water. Waste. Feeding Applied sciences Atmospheric pollution Biological and medical sciences Buses (vehicles) Carbon monoxide Commuter exposure Emissions control Environment. Living conditions Exact sciences and technology Exposure Maintenance Medical sciences Particles PM 10 PM 2.5 Pollution Pollution sources. Measurement results Public health. Hygiene Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine Public transportation Public transportation modes Roadways Routes Sampling Subways Traffic engineering Traffic flow Transports Urban areas Variations Ventilation |
| title | Exposure level of carbon monoxide and respirable suspended particulate in public transportation modes while commuting in urban area of Guangzhou, China |
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