Ecological environment monitoring for sustainable development goals in Gomishan international wetland, Gorgan Bay, Caspian Sea

Monitoring of coastal ecosystems is of particular importance for sustainable development and environmental management. Remote sensing, using satellite imagery, can play an important role in these studies. In this study, changes of qualitative parameters in Gomishan wetland and Gorgan Bay located in the southeast of the Caspian Sea were investigated using Landsat images. Based on the results of the range of chlorophyll-a and water temperature changes in both ecosystems, there was an increasing trend. Evaluating of Secchi disk (transparency) ranges showed a decreasing trend until 2018. Also, among the studied years, 2009 has the lowest fluctuations. Overall, the findings of this study showed that changes in water quality parameters of Gorgan Bay and Gomishan wetland had been affected by ecological conditions and human activities such as industrial-domestic and agricultural effluents. Also, satellite data in such coastal ecosystems at different time intervals have valuable results and can be given special attention for the study of similar ecosystems.