Theoretical and Experimental Investigation of Autoxidation Propensity of Selected Drugs in Solution State

The C–H bond dissociation energy (BDE) of drug molecules is often used to estimate their relative propensities to undergo autoxidation. BDE calculations based on electronic structures provide a convenient means to estimate the risk for a given compound to degrade via autoxidation. This study aimed to verify the utility of calculated C–H BDEs of a range of drug molecules in predicting their autoxidation propensities, in the solution state. For the autoxidation study, 2,2′-azobis (2-methylpropionitrile) was employed as the solution state stressor, and the experimental reaction rate constants were determined employing ultraperformance liquid chromatographic (UPLC) methods. Reaction rates in the solution state were compared to the calculated C–H BDE values of the respective compounds. The results indicated a poor correlation for compounds in the solution state, and their relative stabilities could not be explained with C–H BDE. On the other hand, a favorable relationship was observed between the relative extent of ionization and the autoxidation rates of the selected compounds. In the solution state, factors such as the type and extent of drug ionization, degree and type of solvation have been shown to contribute to differences in reactivity. By applying the computational method involving the effect of H-atom abstraction and potential ionization sites in the molecule, the calculated C–H BDE should relate better to the experimental autoxidation rates.