Navigating zinc-involved nanomedicine in oncotherapy

Zinc (Zn), extolled as "the flower of life" in modern medicine, has been extensively highlighted with its physiological functions to maintain growth, development, and metabolism homeostasis. Driven by the substantial advancement of nanotechnology and oncology, Zn-involved nanomedicines integrating the intrinsic bioactivity of Zn species and the physiochemical attributes of Zn-composed nanosystems have blazed a highly efficient and relatively biosafe antineoplastic path. In this review, we aim to highlight and discuss the recent representative modalities of emerging Zn-involved oncology nanomedicine, mainly emphasizing the rational design, biological effect and biosafety, and therapeutic strategies. In addition, we provide the underlying critical obstacles and future perspectives of Zn-involved oncology nanomedicines, primarily focusing on the chances and challenges of clinical translation. Furthermore, we hope the review can give rise to opportunities within oncology nanomedicine and other biomedical fields, promoting the prosperity and progress of the "Zincic Age". This present review systematically summarizes inherently secure and bioactive Zn involved nanomedicines for antineoplastic applications, presenting a promising development orientation for malignant tumor theranostics in the future.