Impact of lesion length on the outcomes of chronic total occlusion percutaneous coronary intervention: Insights from the PROGRESS‐CTO registry

Background The impact of occlusion length on the procedural techniques and outcomes of chronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has received limited study. Methods We examined the clinical and angiographic characteristics and procedural outcomes of 10,335 CTO PCIs at 42...

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Veröffentlicht in:Catheterization and cardiovascular interventions 2023-03, Vol.101 (4), p.747-755
Hauptverfasser: Rempakos, Athanasios, Simsek, Bahadir, Kostantinis, Spyridon, Karacsonyi, Judit, Choi, James W., Poommipanit, Paul, Khatri, Jaikirshan J., Jaber, Wissam, Rinfret, Stephane, Nicholson, William, Gorgulu, Sevket, Jaffer, Farouc A., Chandwaney, Raj, Koutouzis, Michael, Tsiafoutis, Ioannis, Alaswad, Khaldoon, Krestyaninov, Oleg, Khelimskii, Dmitrii, Karmpaliotis, Dimitrios, Uretsky, Barry F., Patel, Mitul P., Mahmud, Ehtisham, Potluri, Srinivasa, Rangan, Bavana V., Mastrodemos, Olga C., Allana, Salman, Sandoval, Yader, Burke, Nicholas M., Brilakis, Emmanouil S.
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container_issue 4
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container_title Catheterization and cardiovascular interventions
container_volume 101
creator Rempakos, Athanasios
Simsek, Bahadir
Kostantinis, Spyridon
Karacsonyi, Judit
Choi, James W.
Poommipanit, Paul
Khatri, Jaikirshan J.
Jaber, Wissam
Rinfret, Stephane
Nicholson, William
Gorgulu, Sevket
Jaffer, Farouc A.
Chandwaney, Raj
Koutouzis, Michael
Tsiafoutis, Ioannis
Alaswad, Khaldoon
Krestyaninov, Oleg
Khelimskii, Dmitrii
Karmpaliotis, Dimitrios
Uretsky, Barry F.
Patel, Mitul P.
Mahmud, Ehtisham
Potluri, Srinivasa
Rangan, Bavana V.
Mastrodemos, Olga C.
Allana, Salman
Sandoval, Yader
Burke, Nicholas M.
Brilakis, Emmanouil S.
description Background The impact of occlusion length on the procedural techniques and outcomes of chronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has received limited study. Methods We examined the clinical and angiographic characteristics and procedural outcomes of 10,335 CTO PCIs at 42 US and non‐US centers between 2012 and 2022. The cohort was divided into two groups based on lesion length (≥20 mm vs.
doi_str_mv 10.1002/ccd.30581
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Methods We examined the clinical and angiographic characteristics and procedural outcomes of 10,335 CTO PCIs at 42 US and non‐US centers between 2012 and 2022. The cohort was divided into two groups based on lesion length (≥20 mm vs. <20 mm). Results Long lesions were present in 7208 (70%) patients. Comorbidities were more common in patients with long CTOs. Compared with short lesions, long lesions had higher J‐CTO score (2.8 ± 1.1 vs. 1.3 ± 1; p < 0.001) and retrograde wiring was more often the initial (15.5% vs. 4.0%; p < 0.001) and successful (22.8% vs. 8.2%; p < 0.001) crossing strategy. Long lesions were more likely to require longer procedure (123 vs. 91 min; p < 0.001) and fluoroscopy (47.1 vs. 32.2 min; p < 0.001) time, larger contrast volume (218 vs. 200 mL; p < 0.001) and higher air kerma radiation dose (2.4 vs. 1.7 Gy; p < 0.001). After adjusting for potential confounders, long lesions were associated with lower technical success (odds ratio [OR]: 0.91 per 10 mm increase; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.88, 0.94) and higher major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) (OR: 1.08 per 10 mm increase; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.15). Conclusions CTO PCI of long occlusions is independently associated with lower rates of technical success and higher rates of in‐hospital MACE.]]></description><identifier>ISSN: 1522-1946</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1522-726X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/ccd.30581</identifier><identifier>PMID: 36740236</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</publisher><subject>Angioplasty ; Chronic Disease ; chronic total occlusion ; Comorbidity ; Coronary Angiography - methods ; Coronary Occlusion - etiology ; Fluoroscopy ; Humans ; lesion length ; Lesions ; Occlusion ; occlusion length ; Patients ; percutaneous coronary intervention ; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention - adverse effects ; Registries ; Risk Factors ; Treatment Outcome</subject><ispartof>Catheterization and cardiovascular interventions, 2023-03, Vol.101 (4), p.747-755</ispartof><rights>2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3531-9e4655c2cf18399b14e9b2a8d3f113c3ef1151faa3483baa2a7b121f5439a67a3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3531-9e4655c2cf18399b14e9b2a8d3f113c3ef1151faa3483baa2a7b121f5439a67a3</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-1099-681X ; 0000-0001-7835-793X ; 0000-0003-4800-2972 ; 0000-0003-4775-1402 ; 0000-0001-7980-384X ; 0000-0002-6991-7621 ; 0000-0001-5419-913X ; 0000-0002-2683-5255 ; 0000-0002-0315-3219 ; 0000-0001-6198-8006 ; 0000-0001-9416-9701 ; 0000-0003-1069-2437 ; 0000-0002-2884-7778</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002%2Fccd.30581$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002%2Fccd.30581$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,777,781,1412,27905,27906,45555,45556</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36740236$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Rempakos, Athanasios</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Simsek, Bahadir</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kostantinis, Spyridon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Karacsonyi, Judit</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Choi, James W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Poommipanit, Paul</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Khatri, Jaikirshan J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jaber, Wissam</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rinfret, Stephane</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nicholson, William</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gorgulu, Sevket</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jaffer, Farouc A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chandwaney, Raj</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Koutouzis, Michael</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tsiafoutis, Ioannis</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alaswad, Khaldoon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Krestyaninov, Oleg</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Khelimskii, Dmitrii</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Karmpaliotis, Dimitrios</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Uretsky, Barry F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Patel, Mitul P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mahmud, Ehtisham</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Potluri, Srinivasa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rangan, Bavana V.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mastrodemos, Olga C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Allana, Salman</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sandoval, Yader</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Burke, Nicholas M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brilakis, Emmanouil S.</creatorcontrib><title>Impact of lesion length on the outcomes of chronic total occlusion percutaneous coronary intervention: Insights from the PROGRESS‐CTO registry</title><title>Catheterization and cardiovascular interventions</title><addtitle>Catheter Cardiovasc Interv</addtitle><description><![CDATA[Background The impact of occlusion length on the procedural techniques and outcomes of chronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has received limited study. Methods We examined the clinical and angiographic characteristics and procedural outcomes of 10,335 CTO PCIs at 42 US and non‐US centers between 2012 and 2022. The cohort was divided into two groups based on lesion length (≥20 mm vs. <20 mm). Results Long lesions were present in 7208 (70%) patients. Comorbidities were more common in patients with long CTOs. Compared with short lesions, long lesions had higher J‐CTO score (2.8 ± 1.1 vs. 1.3 ± 1; p < 0.001) and retrograde wiring was more often the initial (15.5% vs. 4.0%; p < 0.001) and successful (22.8% vs. 8.2%; p < 0.001) crossing strategy. Long lesions were more likely to require longer procedure (123 vs. 91 min; p < 0.001) and fluoroscopy (47.1 vs. 32.2 min; p < 0.001) time, larger contrast volume (218 vs. 200 mL; p < 0.001) and higher air kerma radiation dose (2.4 vs. 1.7 Gy; p < 0.001). After adjusting for potential confounders, long lesions were associated with lower technical success (odds ratio [OR]: 0.91 per 10 mm increase; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.88, 0.94) and higher major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) (OR: 1.08 per 10 mm increase; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.15). Conclusions CTO PCI of long occlusions is independently associated with lower rates of technical success and higher rates of in‐hospital MACE.]]></description><subject>Angioplasty</subject><subject>Chronic Disease</subject><subject>chronic total occlusion</subject><subject>Comorbidity</subject><subject>Coronary Angiography - methods</subject><subject>Coronary Occlusion - etiology</subject><subject>Fluoroscopy</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>lesion length</subject><subject>Lesions</subject><subject>Occlusion</subject><subject>occlusion length</subject><subject>Patients</subject><subject>percutaneous coronary intervention</subject><subject>Percutaneous Coronary Intervention - adverse effects</subject><subject>Registries</subject><subject>Risk Factors</subject><subject>Treatment Outcome</subject><issn>1522-1946</issn><issn>1522-726X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp10U9P2zAYBnBrAg3W7bAvgCxxYYe2_pM4MbcpQKmE1Ak6abfIcd-0QUnc2Q6oNz5CPyOfBLcpHCbt9L6Hnx_ZfhD6TsmIEsLGWi9GnMQp_YROaczYMGHiz9FhpzISJ-iLc4-EECmY_IxOuEgiwrg4Rdtps1baY1PiGlxl2jDapV_hsPkVYNN5bRpwO6BX1rSVxt54VWOjdd3tT6zB6s6rFkznsDYBKbvBVevBPkHrA7nE09ZVy5V3uLSm2Sf_up9N7q8fHl5fttl8hi0sK-ft5is6LlXt4NthDtDvm-t5dju8m02m2c-7oeYxp0MJkYhjzXRJUy5lQSOQBVPpgpeUcs0hjJiWSvEo5YVSTCUFZbSMIy6VSBQfoIs-d23N3w6cz5vKaajr_h05SxKeUCmZCPT8H_poOtuG2wWVxmkkUrJTP3qlrXHOQpmvbdWEn8gpyXc15aGmfF9TsGeHxK5oYPEh33sJYNyD56qGzf-T8iy76iPfAMOQnkA</recordid><startdate>20230301</startdate><enddate>20230301</enddate><creator>Rempakos, Athanasios</creator><creator>Simsek, Bahadir</creator><creator>Kostantinis, Spyridon</creator><creator>Karacsonyi, Judit</creator><creator>Choi, James W.</creator><creator>Poommipanit, Paul</creator><creator>Khatri, Jaikirshan J.</creator><creator>Jaber, Wissam</creator><creator>Rinfret, Stephane</creator><creator>Nicholson, William</creator><creator>Gorgulu, Sevket</creator><creator>Jaffer, Farouc A.</creator><creator>Chandwaney, Raj</creator><creator>Koutouzis, Michael</creator><creator>Tsiafoutis, Ioannis</creator><creator>Alaswad, Khaldoon</creator><creator>Krestyaninov, Oleg</creator><creator>Khelimskii, Dmitrii</creator><creator>Karmpaliotis, Dimitrios</creator><creator>Uretsky, Barry F.</creator><creator>Patel, Mitul P.</creator><creator>Mahmud, Ehtisham</creator><creator>Potluri, Srinivasa</creator><creator>Rangan, Bavana V.</creator><creator>Mastrodemos, Olga C.</creator><creator>Allana, Salman</creator><creator>Sandoval, Yader</creator><creator>Burke, Nicholas M.</creator><creator>Brilakis, Emmanouil S.</creator><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1099-681X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7835-793X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4800-2972</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4775-1402</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7980-384X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6991-7621</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5419-913X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2683-5255</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0315-3219</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6198-8006</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9416-9701</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1069-2437</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2884-7778</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20230301</creationdate><title>Impact of lesion length on the outcomes of chronic total occlusion percutaneous coronary intervention: Insights from the PROGRESS‐CTO registry</title><author>Rempakos, Athanasios ; Simsek, Bahadir ; Kostantinis, Spyridon ; Karacsonyi, Judit ; Choi, James W. ; Poommipanit, Paul ; Khatri, Jaikirshan J. ; Jaber, Wissam ; Rinfret, Stephane ; Nicholson, William ; Gorgulu, Sevket ; Jaffer, Farouc A. ; Chandwaney, Raj ; Koutouzis, Michael ; Tsiafoutis, Ioannis ; Alaswad, Khaldoon ; Krestyaninov, Oleg ; Khelimskii, Dmitrii ; Karmpaliotis, Dimitrios ; Uretsky, Barry F. ; Patel, Mitul P. ; Mahmud, Ehtisham ; Potluri, Srinivasa ; Rangan, Bavana V. ; Mastrodemos, Olga C. ; Allana, Salman ; Sandoval, Yader ; Burke, Nicholas M. ; Brilakis, Emmanouil S.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c3531-9e4655c2cf18399b14e9b2a8d3f113c3ef1151faa3483baa2a7b121f5439a67a3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>Angioplasty</topic><topic>Chronic Disease</topic><topic>chronic total occlusion</topic><topic>Comorbidity</topic><topic>Coronary Angiography - methods</topic><topic>Coronary Occlusion - etiology</topic><topic>Fluoroscopy</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>lesion length</topic><topic>Lesions</topic><topic>Occlusion</topic><topic>occlusion length</topic><topic>Patients</topic><topic>percutaneous coronary intervention</topic><topic>Percutaneous Coronary Intervention - adverse effects</topic><topic>Registries</topic><topic>Risk Factors</topic><topic>Treatment Outcome</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Rempakos, Athanasios</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Simsek, Bahadir</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kostantinis, Spyridon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Karacsonyi, Judit</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Choi, James W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Poommipanit, Paul</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Khatri, Jaikirshan J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jaber, Wissam</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rinfret, Stephane</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nicholson, William</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gorgulu, Sevket</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jaffer, Farouc A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chandwaney, Raj</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Koutouzis, Michael</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tsiafoutis, Ioannis</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alaswad, Khaldoon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Krestyaninov, Oleg</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Khelimskii, Dmitrii</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Karmpaliotis, Dimitrios</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Uretsky, Barry F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Patel, Mitul P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mahmud, Ehtisham</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Potluri, Srinivasa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rangan, Bavana V.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mastrodemos, Olga C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Allana, Salman</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sandoval, Yader</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Burke, Nicholas M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brilakis, Emmanouil S.</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health &amp; Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Catheterization and cardiovascular interventions</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Rempakos, Athanasios</au><au>Simsek, Bahadir</au><au>Kostantinis, Spyridon</au><au>Karacsonyi, Judit</au><au>Choi, James W.</au><au>Poommipanit, Paul</au><au>Khatri, Jaikirshan J.</au><au>Jaber, Wissam</au><au>Rinfret, Stephane</au><au>Nicholson, William</au><au>Gorgulu, Sevket</au><au>Jaffer, Farouc A.</au><au>Chandwaney, Raj</au><au>Koutouzis, Michael</au><au>Tsiafoutis, Ioannis</au><au>Alaswad, Khaldoon</au><au>Krestyaninov, Oleg</au><au>Khelimskii, Dmitrii</au><au>Karmpaliotis, Dimitrios</au><au>Uretsky, Barry F.</au><au>Patel, Mitul P.</au><au>Mahmud, Ehtisham</au><au>Potluri, Srinivasa</au><au>Rangan, Bavana V.</au><au>Mastrodemos, Olga C.</au><au>Allana, Salman</au><au>Sandoval, Yader</au><au>Burke, Nicholas M.</au><au>Brilakis, Emmanouil S.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Impact of lesion length on the outcomes of chronic total occlusion percutaneous coronary intervention: Insights from the PROGRESS‐CTO registry</atitle><jtitle>Catheterization and cardiovascular interventions</jtitle><addtitle>Catheter Cardiovasc Interv</addtitle><date>2023-03-01</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>101</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>747</spage><epage>755</epage><pages>747-755</pages><issn>1522-1946</issn><eissn>1522-726X</eissn><abstract><![CDATA[Background The impact of occlusion length on the procedural techniques and outcomes of chronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has received limited study. Methods We examined the clinical and angiographic characteristics and procedural outcomes of 10,335 CTO PCIs at 42 US and non‐US centers between 2012 and 2022. The cohort was divided into two groups based on lesion length (≥20 mm vs. <20 mm). Results Long lesions were present in 7208 (70%) patients. Comorbidities were more common in patients with long CTOs. Compared with short lesions, long lesions had higher J‐CTO score (2.8 ± 1.1 vs. 1.3 ± 1; p < 0.001) and retrograde wiring was more often the initial (15.5% vs. 4.0%; p < 0.001) and successful (22.8% vs. 8.2%; p < 0.001) crossing strategy. Long lesions were more likely to require longer procedure (123 vs. 91 min; p < 0.001) and fluoroscopy (47.1 vs. 32.2 min; p < 0.001) time, larger contrast volume (218 vs. 200 mL; p < 0.001) and higher air kerma radiation dose (2.4 vs. 1.7 Gy; p < 0.001). After adjusting for potential confounders, long lesions were associated with lower technical success (odds ratio [OR]: 0.91 per 10 mm increase; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.88, 0.94) and higher major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) (OR: 1.08 per 10 mm increase; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.15). Conclusions CTO PCI of long occlusions is independently associated with lower rates of technical success and higher rates of in‐hospital MACE.]]></abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</pub><pmid>36740236</pmid><doi>10.1002/ccd.30581</doi><tpages>9</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1099-681X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7835-793X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4800-2972</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4775-1402</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7980-384X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6991-7621</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5419-913X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2683-5255</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0315-3219</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6198-8006</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9416-9701</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1069-2437</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2884-7778</orcidid></addata></record>
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identifier ISSN: 1522-1946
ispartof Catheterization and cardiovascular interventions, 2023-03, Vol.101 (4), p.747-755
issn 1522-1946
1522-726X
language eng
recordid cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_2773719926
source MEDLINE; Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete
subjects Angioplasty
Chronic Disease
chronic total occlusion
Comorbidity
Coronary Angiography - methods
Coronary Occlusion - etiology
Fluoroscopy
Humans
lesion length
Lesions
Occlusion
occlusion length
Patients
percutaneous coronary intervention
Percutaneous Coronary Intervention - adverse effects
Registries
Risk Factors
Treatment Outcome
title Impact of lesion length on the outcomes of chronic total occlusion percutaneous coronary intervention: Insights from the PROGRESS‐CTO registry
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