Travel Across More Time Zones Results in Worse Perceived Fatigue and Sleep in National-Team Footballers
This study investigated the association between (1) time zone difference and (2) travel direction (east vs west) with posttravel changes in perceptual responses of national-team footballers. Travel schedules from 355 national-team trips (50 elite soccer players) were verified using an online flight...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | International journal of sports physiology and performance 2023-03, Vol.18 (3), p.268-275 |
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| container_title | International journal of sports physiology and performance |
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| creator | Clements, Ewan Ehrmann, Fabian Clark, Andrew Jones, Mark McCall, Alan Duffield, Rob |
| description | This study investigated the association between (1) time zone difference and (2) travel direction (east vs west) with posttravel changes in perceptual responses of national-team footballers.
Travel schedules from 355 national-team trips (50 elite soccer players) were verified using an online flight database. All players provided perceptual ratings of fatigue, sleep quality, soreness, and stress to calculate changes in scores up to 2 days after travel. Trips were categorized as |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1123/ijspp.2022-0230 |
| format | Article |
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Travel schedules from 355 national-team trips (50 elite soccer players) were verified using an online flight database. All players provided perceptual ratings of fatigue, sleep quality, soreness, and stress to calculate changes in scores up to 2 days after travel. Trips were categorized as <3, 3 to 6, 6 to 9, or 9+ time zone changes, along with travel direction (eastward or westward). The pretravel to posttravel changes in perceptual ratings at days 1 and 2 postarrival were compared between time zone change and travel direction with linear mixed models.
For every time zone crossed, poorer ratings of perceptual fatigue (β = 0.068, P < .001), sleep (β = 0.095, P < .001), soreness (β = 0.0049, P < .001), and total wellness (β = 0.214, P < .001) were observed. However, the models explained only small proportions of the variation in postflight perceptual responses (7%-18%). Regardless, travel across 9+ time zones resulted in significantly worse perceived fatigue, sleep, and total wellness for days 1 and 2 postarrival compared with travel with <6 time zones (P < .05). Additionally, fatigue, sleep, and total scores were worse on day 2 following trips of 9+ time zones. Eastward travel resulted in poorer sleep ratings (β = 0.52, P < .001) than westward travel within time zone groupings.
Perceptual ratings of fatigue and sleep become progressively worse as travel increases in national-team soccer players, especially after travel across 9+ time zones and eastward travel.]]></description><identifier>ISSN: 1555-0265</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1555-0273</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2022-0230</identifier><identifier>PMID: 36716744</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States</publisher><subject>Fatigue ; Humans ; Jet Lag Syndrome ; Pain ; Sleep - physiology ; Soccer - physiology ; Travel</subject><ispartof>International journal of sports physiology and performance, 2023-03, Vol.18 (3), p.268-275</ispartof><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><orcidid>0000-0002-7371-1773 ; 0000-0003-4697-7784 ; 0000-0002-5641-1314</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36716744$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Clements, Ewan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ehrmann, Fabian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Clark, Andrew</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jones, Mark</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McCall, Alan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Duffield, Rob</creatorcontrib><title>Travel Across More Time Zones Results in Worse Perceived Fatigue and Sleep in National-Team Footballers</title><title>International journal of sports physiology and performance</title><addtitle>Int J Sports Physiol Perform</addtitle><description><![CDATA[This study investigated the association between (1) time zone difference and (2) travel direction (east vs west) with posttravel changes in perceptual responses of national-team footballers.
Travel schedules from 355 national-team trips (50 elite soccer players) were verified using an online flight database. All players provided perceptual ratings of fatigue, sleep quality, soreness, and stress to calculate changes in scores up to 2 days after travel. Trips were categorized as <3, 3 to 6, 6 to 9, or 9+ time zone changes, along with travel direction (eastward or westward). The pretravel to posttravel changes in perceptual ratings at days 1 and 2 postarrival were compared between time zone change and travel direction with linear mixed models.
For every time zone crossed, poorer ratings of perceptual fatigue (β = 0.068, P < .001), sleep (β = 0.095, P < .001), soreness (β = 0.0049, P < .001), and total wellness (β = 0.214, P < .001) were observed. However, the models explained only small proportions of the variation in postflight perceptual responses (7%-18%). Regardless, travel across 9+ time zones resulted in significantly worse perceived fatigue, sleep, and total wellness for days 1 and 2 postarrival compared with travel with <6 time zones (P < .05). Additionally, fatigue, sleep, and total scores were worse on day 2 following trips of 9+ time zones. Eastward travel resulted in poorer sleep ratings (β = 0.52, P < .001) than westward travel within time zone groupings.
Perceptual ratings of fatigue and sleep become progressively worse as travel increases in national-team soccer players, especially after travel across 9+ time zones and eastward travel.]]></description><subject>Fatigue</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Jet Lag Syndrome</subject><subject>Pain</subject><subject>Sleep - physiology</subject><subject>Soccer - physiology</subject><subject>Travel</subject><issn>1555-0265</issn><issn>1555-0273</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNo9kE1Lw0AQhhdRbK2evckevaTd79VjKVaF-oFWBC9hs5mUlE027iYF_71NrT3Ny_DMC_MgdEnJmFLGJ-U6Ns2YEcYSwjg5QkMqpdxmzY8PWckBOotxTYiQQpJTNOBKU6WFGKLVMpgNODy1wceIn3wAvCwrwF--hojfIHaujbis8acPEfArBAvlBnI8N2256gCbOsfvDqDpoeft0tfGJUswFZ5732bGOQjxHJ0UxkW42M8R-pjfLWcPyeLl_nE2XSSWSdomnGlliOAZSNDMGpLfmEJLTThhggmlgFhbSGKYorec20ITZpUlWZFlqqCCj9D1X28T_HcHsU2rMlpwztTgu5gyrSnnggu6RSd_6O71AEXahLIy4SelJO3tpju7aW837e1uL6725V1WQX7g_3XyX7jldg8</recordid><startdate>20230301</startdate><enddate>20230301</enddate><creator>Clements, Ewan</creator><creator>Ehrmann, Fabian</creator><creator>Clark, Andrew</creator><creator>Jones, Mark</creator><creator>McCall, Alan</creator><creator>Duffield, Rob</creator><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7371-1773</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4697-7784</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5641-1314</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20230301</creationdate><title>Travel Across More Time Zones Results in Worse Perceived Fatigue and Sleep in National-Team Footballers</title><author>Clements, Ewan ; Ehrmann, Fabian ; Clark, Andrew ; Jones, Mark ; McCall, Alan ; Duffield, Rob</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c251t-3276a043be5e72ca0d8af757030242466e0ccf50a261933cf702c6c0bfbb6f143</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>Fatigue</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Jet Lag Syndrome</topic><topic>Pain</topic><topic>Sleep - physiology</topic><topic>Soccer - physiology</topic><topic>Travel</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Clements, Ewan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ehrmann, Fabian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Clark, Andrew</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jones, Mark</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McCall, Alan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Duffield, Rob</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>International journal of sports physiology and performance</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Clements, Ewan</au><au>Ehrmann, Fabian</au><au>Clark, Andrew</au><au>Jones, Mark</au><au>McCall, Alan</au><au>Duffield, Rob</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Travel Across More Time Zones Results in Worse Perceived Fatigue and Sleep in National-Team Footballers</atitle><jtitle>International journal of sports physiology and performance</jtitle><addtitle>Int J Sports Physiol Perform</addtitle><date>2023-03-01</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>18</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>268</spage><epage>275</epage><pages>268-275</pages><issn>1555-0265</issn><eissn>1555-0273</eissn><abstract><![CDATA[This study investigated the association between (1) time zone difference and (2) travel direction (east vs west) with posttravel changes in perceptual responses of national-team footballers.
Travel schedules from 355 national-team trips (50 elite soccer players) were verified using an online flight database. All players provided perceptual ratings of fatigue, sleep quality, soreness, and stress to calculate changes in scores up to 2 days after travel. Trips were categorized as <3, 3 to 6, 6 to 9, or 9+ time zone changes, along with travel direction (eastward or westward). The pretravel to posttravel changes in perceptual ratings at days 1 and 2 postarrival were compared between time zone change and travel direction with linear mixed models.
For every time zone crossed, poorer ratings of perceptual fatigue (β = 0.068, P < .001), sleep (β = 0.095, P < .001), soreness (β = 0.0049, P < .001), and total wellness (β = 0.214, P < .001) were observed. However, the models explained only small proportions of the variation in postflight perceptual responses (7%-18%). Regardless, travel across 9+ time zones resulted in significantly worse perceived fatigue, sleep, and total wellness for days 1 and 2 postarrival compared with travel with <6 time zones (P < .05). Additionally, fatigue, sleep, and total scores were worse on day 2 following trips of 9+ time zones. Eastward travel resulted in poorer sleep ratings (β = 0.52, P < .001) than westward travel within time zone groupings.
Perceptual ratings of fatigue and sleep become progressively worse as travel increases in national-team soccer players, especially after travel across 9+ time zones and eastward travel.]]></abstract><cop>United States</cop><pmid>36716744</pmid><doi>10.1123/ijspp.2022-0230</doi><tpages>8</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7371-1773</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4697-7784</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5641-1314</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | International journal of sports physiology and performance, 2023-03, Vol.18 (3), p.268-275 |
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| language | eng |
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| source | MEDLINE; Human Kinetics Journals |
| subjects | Fatigue Humans Jet Lag Syndrome Pain Sleep - physiology Soccer - physiology Travel |
| title | Travel Across More Time Zones Results in Worse Perceived Fatigue and Sleep in National-Team Footballers |
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