Phenology, floral and reproductive biology of Dichorisandra rhizantha Aona (Commelinaceae), an endemic endangered species in an Atlantic Forest fragment

Commelinaceae is an important component of the Atlantic Forest and its analysis can provide information on the conservation of that species. This study had the objective of analyzing the phenology and floral and reproductive biology of Dichorisandra rhizantha, growing in an Atlantic Forest fragment,...

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Veröffentlicht in:Microscopy research and technique 2023-05, Vol.86 (5), p.573-588
Hauptverfasser: Almeida Junior, Railson Alves Correia, Souza, Everton Hilo, Costa, Grênivel Mota, Rossi, Mônica Lanzoni, Bittrich, Volker, Amaral, Maria do Carmo Estanislau do, Aona, Lidyanne Yuriko Saleme
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container_issue 5
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container_title Microscopy research and technique
container_volume 86
creator Almeida Junior, Railson Alves Correia
Souza, Everton Hilo
Costa, Grênivel Mota
Rossi, Mônica Lanzoni
Bittrich, Volker
Amaral, Maria do Carmo Estanislau do
Aona, Lidyanne Yuriko Saleme
description Commelinaceae is an important component of the Atlantic Forest and its analysis can provide information on the conservation of that species. This study had the objective of analyzing the phenology and floral and reproductive biology of Dichorisandra rhizantha, growing in an Atlantic Forest fragment, to obtain data related to the form of reproduction and pollination mechanism of this species. We monitored the phenophases and reproductive biology of the D. rhizantha in the area studied using different methodologies and microscopy techniques (LM, SEM and FM). The flowering period occurs during the dry season. The species is andromonoecious and has daytime anthesis (4:30 a.m.–1:30 p.m.). It has purple zygomorphic flowers and rimose but functionally poricidal anthers. The pollen viability was 97.6% and the two floral morphs investigated contained a large quantity of pollen grains. The time of greatest stigma receptivity (anthesis) coincided with the pollen viability. Cross‐pollination was the only efficient reproductive system of the species, with observation of gametophytic self‐incompatibility and pollen tubes growth only as far as the middle or lower third of the pistil. We observed bee species of the genera Xylocopa and Euglossa visiting the flowers and acting as effective pollinators. The immature fruits were formed after about 3.25 ± 1 days, and the presence was noted of ants of the genus Cephalotes acting as dispersers of the seeds, with aril serving as the reward. Although the natural reproductive system is efficient, D. rhizantha is endangered, mainly due to fragmentation of habitat caused by deforestation and urban encroachment. Different microscopic techniques (light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and fluorescent microscopy) were performed to evaluate the phenology and floral and reproductive biology of Dichorisandra rhizantha, growing in an Atlantic Forest fragment, to obtain data related to the form of reproduction and pollination mechanism of this species.
doi_str_mv 10.1002/jemt.24296
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This study had the objective of analyzing the phenology and floral and reproductive biology of Dichorisandra rhizantha, growing in an Atlantic Forest fragment, to obtain data related to the form of reproduction and pollination mechanism of this species. We monitored the phenophases and reproductive biology of the D. rhizantha in the area studied using different methodologies and microscopy techniques (LM, SEM and FM). The flowering period occurs during the dry season. The species is andromonoecious and has daytime anthesis (4:30 a.m.–1:30 p.m.). It has purple zygomorphic flowers and rimose but functionally poricidal anthers. The pollen viability was 97.6% and the two floral morphs investigated contained a large quantity of pollen grains. The time of greatest stigma receptivity (anthesis) coincided with the pollen viability. Cross‐pollination was the only efficient reproductive system of the species, with observation of gametophytic self‐incompatibility and pollen tubes growth only as far as the middle or lower third of the pistil. We observed bee species of the genera Xylocopa and Euglossa visiting the flowers and acting as effective pollinators. The immature fruits were formed after about 3.25 ± 1 days, and the presence was noted of ants of the genus Cephalotes acting as dispersers of the seeds, with aril serving as the reward. Although the natural reproductive system is efficient, D. rhizantha is endangered, mainly due to fragmentation of habitat caused by deforestation and urban encroachment. 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Cross‐pollination was the only efficient reproductive system of the species, with observation of gametophytic self‐incompatibility and pollen tubes growth only as far as the middle or lower third of the pistil. We observed bee species of the genera Xylocopa and Euglossa visiting the flowers and acting as effective pollinators. The immature fruits were formed after about 3.25 ± 1 days, and the presence was noted of ants of the genus Cephalotes acting as dispersers of the seeds, with aril serving as the reward. Although the natural reproductive system is efficient, D. rhizantha is endangered, mainly due to fragmentation of habitat caused by deforestation and urban encroachment. 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Souza, Everton Hilo ; Costa, Grênivel Mota ; Rossi, Mônica Lanzoni ; Bittrich, Volker ; Amaral, Maria do Carmo Estanislau do ; Aona, Lidyanne Yuriko Saleme</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-p2816-6db2908695ee19e919f400fa7921dc03eb0e2e87228516827b6059e37a73da743</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>allogamy</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Anthers</topic><topic>Ants</topic><topic>Bees</topic><topic>Biology</topic><topic>Commelinaceae</topic><topic>conservation</topic><topic>Deforestation</topic><topic>Dry season</topic><topic>Encroachment</topic><topic>Endangered &amp; extinct species</topic><topic>Endangered Species</topic><topic>Endemic species</topic><topic>Flowering</topic><topic>Flowers</topic><topic>Forests</topic><topic>Habitat fragmentation</topic><topic>Incompatibility</topic><topic>Phenology</topic><topic>Plant reproduction</topic><topic>Plant reproductive structures</topic><topic>Pollen</topic><topic>Pollen tubes</topic><topic>pollen viability</topic><topic>Pollination</topic><topic>pollination syndrome</topic><topic>Pollinators</topic><topic>Reproduction</topic><topic>Reproduction (biology)</topic><topic>Reproductive system</topic><topic>Seeds</topic><topic>stigma receptivity</topic><topic>Stigmas (botany)</topic><topic>Wildlife conservation</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Almeida Junior, Railson Alves Correia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Souza, Everton Hilo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Costa, Grênivel Mota</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rossi, Mônica Lanzoni</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bittrich, Volker</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Amaral, Maria do Carmo Estanislau do</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Aona, Lidyanne Yuriko Saleme</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>Aluminium Industry Abstracts</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Calcium &amp; 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This study had the objective of analyzing the phenology and floral and reproductive biology of Dichorisandra rhizantha, growing in an Atlantic Forest fragment, to obtain data related to the form of reproduction and pollination mechanism of this species. We monitored the phenophases and reproductive biology of the D. rhizantha in the area studied using different methodologies and microscopy techniques (LM, SEM and FM). The flowering period occurs during the dry season. The species is andromonoecious and has daytime anthesis (4:30 a.m.–1:30 p.m.). It has purple zygomorphic flowers and rimose but functionally poricidal anthers. The pollen viability was 97.6% and the two floral morphs investigated contained a large quantity of pollen grains. The time of greatest stigma receptivity (anthesis) coincided with the pollen viability. 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subjects allogamy
Animals
Anthers
Ants
Bees
Biology
Commelinaceae
conservation
Deforestation
Dry season
Encroachment
Endangered & extinct species
Endangered Species
Endemic species
Flowering
Flowers
Forests
Habitat fragmentation
Incompatibility
Phenology
Plant reproduction
Plant reproductive structures
Pollen
Pollen tubes
pollen viability
Pollination
pollination syndrome
Pollinators
Reproduction
Reproduction (biology)
Reproductive system
Seeds
stigma receptivity
Stigmas (botany)
Wildlife conservation
title Phenology, floral and reproductive biology of Dichorisandra rhizantha Aona (Commelinaceae), an endemic endangered species in an Atlantic Forest fragment
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