Quantification of body ownership awareness induced by the visual movement illusion of the lower limbs: a study of electroencephalogram and surface electromyography
The visual movement illusion (VMI) is a subjective experience. This illusion is produced by watching the subject’s motion video. At the same time, VMI evokes awareness of body ownership. We applied the power spectral density (PSD) matrix and the partial directed correlation (PDC) matrix to build the...
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description | The visual movement illusion (VMI) is a subjective experience. This illusion is produced by watching the subject’s motion video. At the same time, VMI evokes awareness of body ownership. We applied the power spectral density (PSD) matrix and the partial directed correlation (PDC) matrix to build the PPDC matrix for the γ
2
band (34–98.5 Hz), combining cerebral cortical and musculomotor cortical complexity and PPDC to quantify the degree of body ownership. Thirty-five healthy subjects were recruited to participate in this experiment. The subjects’ electroencephalography (EEG) and surface electromyography (sEMG) data were recorded under resting conditions, observation conditions, illusion conditions, and actual seated front-kick movements. The results show the following: (1) VMI activates the cerebral cortex to some extent; (2) VMI enhances cortical muscle excitability in the rectus femoris and medial vastus muscles; (3) VMI induces a sense of body ownership; (4) the use of PPDC values, fuzzy entropy values of muscles, and fuzzy entropy values of the cerebral cortex can quantify whether VMI induces awareness of body ownership. These results illustrate that PPDC can be used as a biomarker to show that VMI affects changes in the cerebral cortex and as a quantitative tool to show whether body ownership awareness arises.
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doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s11517-022-02744-4 |
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2
band (34–98.5 Hz), combining cerebral cortical and musculomotor cortical complexity and PPDC to quantify the degree of body ownership. Thirty-five healthy subjects were recruited to participate in this experiment. The subjects’ electroencephalography (EEG) and surface electromyography (sEMG) data were recorded under resting conditions, observation conditions, illusion conditions, and actual seated front-kick movements. The results show the following: (1) VMI activates the cerebral cortex to some extent; (2) VMI enhances cortical muscle excitability in the rectus femoris and medial vastus muscles; (3) VMI induces a sense of body ownership; (4) the use of PPDC values, fuzzy entropy values of muscles, and fuzzy entropy values of the cerebral cortex can quantify whether VMI induces awareness of body ownership. These results illustrate that PPDC can be used as a biomarker to show that VMI affects changes in the cerebral cortex and as a quantitative tool to show whether body ownership awareness arises.
Graphical abstract</description><identifier>ISSN: 0140-0118</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1741-0444</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s11517-022-02744-4</identifier><identifier>PMID: 36662378</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher><subject>Biomarkers ; Biomedical and Life Sciences ; Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering ; Biomedicine ; Cerebral cortex ; Computer Applications ; EEG ; Electroencephalography ; Electromyography ; Entropy ; Excitability ; Hand - physiology ; Human Physiology ; Humans ; Illusions - physiology ; Imaging ; Lower Extremity ; Motion detection ; Movement - physiology ; Muscles ; Ownership ; Power spectral density ; Radiology ; Review Article ; Visual perception</subject><ispartof>Medical & biological engineering & computing, 2023-05, Vol.61 (5), p.951-965</ispartof><rights>International Federation for Medical and Biological Engineering 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.</rights><rights>2023. International Federation for Medical and Biological Engineering.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c326t-b84670504185c8a1064a05e49bae63d2cc30d843e904253d5c4c0913b41e17943</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-9213-6313</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11517-022-02744-4$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11517-022-02744-4$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902,41464,42533,51294</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36662378$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Li, Jing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Junhong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Ting</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kong, Wanzeng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xi, Xugang</creatorcontrib><title>Quantification of body ownership awareness induced by the visual movement illusion of the lower limbs: a study of electroencephalogram and surface electromyography</title><title>Medical & biological engineering & computing</title><addtitle>Med Biol Eng Comput</addtitle><addtitle>Med Biol Eng Comput</addtitle><description>The visual movement illusion (VMI) is a subjective experience. This illusion is produced by watching the subject’s motion video. At the same time, VMI evokes awareness of body ownership. We applied the power spectral density (PSD) matrix and the partial directed correlation (PDC) matrix to build the PPDC matrix for the γ
2
band (34–98.5 Hz), combining cerebral cortical and musculomotor cortical complexity and PPDC to quantify the degree of body ownership. Thirty-five healthy subjects were recruited to participate in this experiment. The subjects’ electroencephalography (EEG) and surface electromyography (sEMG) data were recorded under resting conditions, observation conditions, illusion conditions, and actual seated front-kick movements. The results show the following: (1) VMI activates the cerebral cortex to some extent; (2) VMI enhances cortical muscle excitability in the rectus femoris and medial vastus muscles; (3) VMI induces a sense of body ownership; (4) the use of PPDC values, fuzzy entropy values of muscles, and fuzzy entropy values of the cerebral cortex can quantify whether VMI induces awareness of body ownership. These results illustrate that PPDC can be used as a biomarker to show that VMI affects changes in the cerebral cortex and as a quantitative tool to show whether body ownership awareness arises.
Graphical abstract</description><subject>Biomarkers</subject><subject>Biomedical and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering</subject><subject>Biomedicine</subject><subject>Cerebral cortex</subject><subject>Computer Applications</subject><subject>EEG</subject><subject>Electroencephalography</subject><subject>Electromyography</subject><subject>Entropy</subject><subject>Excitability</subject><subject>Hand - physiology</subject><subject>Human Physiology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Illusions - physiology</subject><subject>Imaging</subject><subject>Lower Extremity</subject><subject>Motion detection</subject><subject>Movement - physiology</subject><subject>Muscles</subject><subject>Ownership</subject><subject>Power spectral density</subject><subject>Radiology</subject><subject>Review Article</subject><subject>Visual perception</subject><issn>0140-0118</issn><issn>1741-0444</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kUtrFTEYhoNY7LH6B1xIwI2bsbnOxZ0Ub1Aogq5DJvNNT0omGZNJD_N7_KNmPKcKLroIWbxP3rzwIPSKkneUkOYyUSppUxHGymmEqMQTtKONoBURQjxFO0IFqQil7Tl6ntIdIYxKJp6hc17XNeNNu0O_vmXtFztaoxcbPA4j7sOw4nDwENPezlgfdAQPKWHrh2xgwP2Klz3ge5uydngK9zCBX7B1LqdTx5a7cICInZ369B5rnJa89Y4YHJglBvAG5r124TbqCWs_4JTjqA08ANO6RfN-fYHORu0SvDzdF-jHp4_fr75U1zefv159uK4MZ_VS9a2oGyKJoK00raakFppIEF2voeYDM4aToRUcOiKY5IM0wpCO8l5QoE0n-AV6e-ydY_iZIS1qssmAc9pDyEmxpm4Zl0y2BX3zH3oXcvRlXaG6MoR2khWKHSkTQ0oRRjVHO-m4KkrUplAdFaqiUP1RqLYVr0_VuZ9g-PvkwVkB-BFIJfK3EP_9_Ujtb5-5qV4</recordid><startdate>20230501</startdate><enddate>20230501</enddate><creator>Li, Jing</creator><creator>Wang, Junhong</creator><creator>Wang, Ting</creator><creator>Kong, Wanzeng</creator><creator>Xi, Xugang</creator><general>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SC</scope><scope>7TB</scope><scope>7TS</scope><scope>7WY</scope><scope>7WZ</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>87Z</scope><scope>88A</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8AL</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8FL</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BEZIV</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FRNLG</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>F~G</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>JQ2</scope><scope>K60</scope><scope>K6~</scope><scope>K7-</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>L.-</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>L~C</scope><scope>L~D</scope><scope>M0C</scope><scope>M0N</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7Z</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PQBIZ</scope><scope>PQBZA</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9213-6313</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20230501</creationdate><title>Quantification of body ownership awareness induced by the visual movement illusion of the lower limbs: a study of electroencephalogram and surface electromyography</title><author>Li, Jing ; Wang, Junhong ; Wang, Ting ; Kong, Wanzeng ; Xi, Xugang</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c326t-b84670504185c8a1064a05e49bae63d2cc30d843e904253d5c4c0913b41e17943</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>Biomarkers</topic><topic>Biomedical and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering</topic><topic>Biomedicine</topic><topic>Cerebral cortex</topic><topic>Computer Applications</topic><topic>EEG</topic><topic>Electroencephalography</topic><topic>Electromyography</topic><topic>Entropy</topic><topic>Excitability</topic><topic>Hand - physiology</topic><topic>Human Physiology</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Illusions - physiology</topic><topic>Imaging</topic><topic>Lower Extremity</topic><topic>Motion detection</topic><topic>Movement - physiology</topic><topic>Muscles</topic><topic>Ownership</topic><topic>Power spectral density</topic><topic>Radiology</topic><topic>Review Article</topic><topic>Visual perception</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Li, Jing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Junhong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Ting</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kong, Wanzeng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xi, Xugang</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts</collection><collection>Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Physical Education Index</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Collection</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Global (PDF only)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Global (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Biology Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Science Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Computing Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Business Premium Collection</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Business Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Global (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Computer Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Business Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Business Collection</collection><collection>Computer Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Professional Advanced</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Academic</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Professional</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Global</collection><collection>Computing Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Science Database</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Biochemistry Abstracts 1</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest One Business</collection><collection>ProQuest One Business (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Medical & biological engineering & computing</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Li, Jing</au><au>Wang, Junhong</au><au>Wang, Ting</au><au>Kong, Wanzeng</au><au>Xi, Xugang</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Quantification of body ownership awareness induced by the visual movement illusion of the lower limbs: a study of electroencephalogram and surface electromyography</atitle><jtitle>Medical & biological engineering & computing</jtitle><stitle>Med Biol Eng Comput</stitle><addtitle>Med Biol Eng Comput</addtitle><date>2023-05-01</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>61</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>951</spage><epage>965</epage><pages>951-965</pages><issn>0140-0118</issn><eissn>1741-0444</eissn><abstract>The visual movement illusion (VMI) is a subjective experience. This illusion is produced by watching the subject’s motion video. At the same time, VMI evokes awareness of body ownership. We applied the power spectral density (PSD) matrix and the partial directed correlation (PDC) matrix to build the PPDC matrix for the γ
2
band (34–98.5 Hz), combining cerebral cortical and musculomotor cortical complexity and PPDC to quantify the degree of body ownership. Thirty-five healthy subjects were recruited to participate in this experiment. The subjects’ electroencephalography (EEG) and surface electromyography (sEMG) data were recorded under resting conditions, observation conditions, illusion conditions, and actual seated front-kick movements. The results show the following: (1) VMI activates the cerebral cortex to some extent; (2) VMI enhances cortical muscle excitability in the rectus femoris and medial vastus muscles; (3) VMI induces a sense of body ownership; (4) the use of PPDC values, fuzzy entropy values of muscles, and fuzzy entropy values of the cerebral cortex can quantify whether VMI induces awareness of body ownership. These results illustrate that PPDC can be used as a biomarker to show that VMI affects changes in the cerebral cortex and as a quantitative tool to show whether body ownership awareness arises.
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subjects | Biomarkers Biomedical and Life Sciences Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering Biomedicine Cerebral cortex Computer Applications EEG Electroencephalography Electromyography Entropy Excitability Hand - physiology Human Physiology Humans Illusions - physiology Imaging Lower Extremity Motion detection Movement - physiology Muscles Ownership Power spectral density Radiology Review Article Visual perception |
title | Quantification of body ownership awareness induced by the visual movement illusion of the lower limbs: a study of electroencephalogram and surface electromyography |
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