Improving the performance of doped π-conjugated polymers for use in organic light-emitting diodes
Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) represent a promising technology for large, flexible, lightweight, flat-panel displays 1 , 2 , 3 . Such devices consist of one or several semiconducting organic layer(s) sandwiched between two electrodes. When an electric field is applied, electrons are injected...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Nature (London) 2000-06, Vol.405 (6787), p.661-665 |
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| creator | Gross, Markus Müller, David C. Nothofer, Heinz-Georg Scherf, Ulrich Neher, Dieter Bräuchle, Christoph Meerholz, Klaus |
| description | Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) represent a promising technology for large, flexible, lightweight, flat-panel displays
1
,
2
,
3
. Such devices consist of one or several semiconducting organic layer(s) sandwiched between two electrodes. When an electric field is applied, electrons are injected by the cathode into the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of the adjacent molecules (simultaneously, holes are injected by the anode into the highest occupied molecular orbital). The two types of carriers migrate towards each other and a fraction of them recombine to form excitons, some of which decay radiatively to the ground state by spontaneous emission. Doped π-conjugated polymer layers improve the injection of holes in OLED devices
4
,
5
,
6
,
7
,
8
,
9
; this is thought to result from the more favourable work function of these injection layers compared with the more commonly used layer material (indium tin oxide). Here we demonstrate that by increasing the doping level of such polymers, the barrier to hole injection can be continuously reduced. The use of combinatorial devices allows us to quickly screen for the optimum doping level. We apply this concept in OLED devices with hole-limited electroluminescence (such as polyfluorene-based systems
10
,
11
,
12
), finding that it is possible to significantly reduce the operating voltage while improving the light output and efficiency. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1038/35015037 |
| format | Article |
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1
,
2
,
3
. Such devices consist of one or several semiconducting organic layer(s) sandwiched between two electrodes. When an electric field is applied, electrons are injected by the cathode into the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of the adjacent molecules (simultaneously, holes are injected by the anode into the highest occupied molecular orbital). The two types of carriers migrate towards each other and a fraction of them recombine to form excitons, some of which decay radiatively to the ground state by spontaneous emission. Doped π-conjugated polymer layers improve the injection of holes in OLED devices
4
,
5
,
6
,
7
,
8
,
9
; this is thought to result from the more favourable work function of these injection layers compared with the more commonly used layer material (indium tin oxide). Here we demonstrate that by increasing the doping level of such polymers, the barrier to hole injection can be continuously reduced. The use of combinatorial devices allows us to quickly screen for the optimum doping level. We apply this concept in OLED devices with hole-limited electroluminescence (such as polyfluorene-based systems
10
,
11
,
12
), finding that it is possible to significantly reduce the operating voltage while improving the light output and efficiency.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0028-0836</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1476-4687</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1038/35015037</identifier><identifier>PMID: 10864318</identifier><identifier>CODEN: NATUAS</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>London: Nature Publishing Group UK</publisher><subject>Applied sciences ; Diodes ; Electrodes ; Electronics ; Electrons ; Exact sciences and technology ; Fundamental areas of phenomenology (including applications) ; Humanities and Social Sciences ; Injection ; letter ; Light-emitting devices ; multidisciplinary ; Optical materials ; Optics ; Optoelectronic devices ; Physics ; Polymers ; Polymers and organics ; Science ; Science (multidisciplinary) ; Semiconductor electronics. Microelectronics. Optoelectronics. Solid state devices</subject><ispartof>Nature (London), 2000-06, Vol.405 (6787), p.661-665</ispartof><rights>Macmillan Magazines Ltd. 2000</rights><rights>2001 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2000 Nature Publishing Group</rights><rights>Copyright Macmillan Journals Ltd. Jun 8, 2000</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c577t-db9a40c2bdd33a8f8219e7b1b2b738a86ecd0104a533affc42d5961bdb0a803c3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c577t-db9a40c2bdd33a8f8219e7b1b2b738a86ecd0104a533affc42d5961bdb0a803c3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1038/35015037$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1038/35015037$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27903,27904,41467,42536,51298</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=797243$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10864318$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Gross, Markus</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Müller, David C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nothofer, Heinz-Georg</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Scherf, Ulrich</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Neher, Dieter</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bräuchle, Christoph</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Meerholz, Klaus</creatorcontrib><title>Improving the performance of doped π-conjugated polymers for use in organic light-emitting diodes</title><title>Nature (London)</title><addtitle>Nature</addtitle><addtitle>Nature</addtitle><description>Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) represent a promising technology for large, flexible, lightweight, flat-panel displays
1
,
2
,
3
. Such devices consist of one or several semiconducting organic layer(s) sandwiched between two electrodes. When an electric field is applied, electrons are injected by the cathode into the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of the adjacent molecules (simultaneously, holes are injected by the anode into the highest occupied molecular orbital). The two types of carriers migrate towards each other and a fraction of them recombine to form excitons, some of which decay radiatively to the ground state by spontaneous emission. Doped π-conjugated polymer layers improve the injection of holes in OLED devices
4
,
5
,
6
,
7
,
8
,
9
; this is thought to result from the more favourable work function of these injection layers compared with the more commonly used layer material (indium tin oxide). Here we demonstrate that by increasing the doping level of such polymers, the barrier to hole injection can be continuously reduced. The use of combinatorial devices allows us to quickly screen for the optimum doping level. We apply this concept in OLED devices with hole-limited electroluminescence (such as polyfluorene-based systems
10
,
11
,
12
), finding that it is possible to significantly reduce the operating voltage while improving the light output and efficiency.</description><subject>Applied sciences</subject><subject>Diodes</subject><subject>Electrodes</subject><subject>Electronics</subject><subject>Electrons</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>Fundamental areas of phenomenology (including applications)</subject><subject>Humanities and Social Sciences</subject><subject>Injection</subject><subject>letter</subject><subject>Light-emitting devices</subject><subject>multidisciplinary</subject><subject>Optical materials</subject><subject>Optics</subject><subject>Optoelectronic devices</subject><subject>Physics</subject><subject>Polymers</subject><subject>Polymers and organics</subject><subject>Science</subject><subject>Science (multidisciplinary)</subject><subject>Semiconductor electronics. Microelectronics. Optoelectronics. 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1
,
2
,
3
. Such devices consist of one or several semiconducting organic layer(s) sandwiched between two electrodes. When an electric field is applied, electrons are injected by the cathode into the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of the adjacent molecules (simultaneously, holes are injected by the anode into the highest occupied molecular orbital). The two types of carriers migrate towards each other and a fraction of them recombine to form excitons, some of which decay radiatively to the ground state by spontaneous emission. Doped π-conjugated polymer layers improve the injection of holes in OLED devices
4
,
5
,
6
,
7
,
8
,
9
; this is thought to result from the more favourable work function of these injection layers compared with the more commonly used layer material (indium tin oxide). Here we demonstrate that by increasing the doping level of such polymers, the barrier to hole injection can be continuously reduced. The use of combinatorial devices allows us to quickly screen for the optimum doping level. We apply this concept in OLED devices with hole-limited electroluminescence (such as polyfluorene-based systems
10
,
11
,
12
), finding that it is possible to significantly reduce the operating voltage while improving the light output and efficiency.</abstract><cop>London</cop><pub>Nature Publishing Group UK</pub><pmid>10864318</pmid><doi>10.1038/35015037</doi><tpages>5</tpages></addata></record> |
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| issn | 0028-0836 1476-4687 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_27606420 |
| source | Springer Nature - Complete Springer Journals; Nature Journals Online |
| subjects | Applied sciences Diodes Electrodes Electronics Electrons Exact sciences and technology Fundamental areas of phenomenology (including applications) Humanities and Social Sciences Injection letter Light-emitting devices multidisciplinary Optical materials Optics Optoelectronic devices Physics Polymers Polymers and organics Science Science (multidisciplinary) Semiconductor electronics. Microelectronics. Optoelectronics. Solid state devices |
| title | Improving the performance of doped π-conjugated polymers for use in organic light-emitting diodes |
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