Morphine use induces gastric microbial dysbiosis driving gastric inflammation through TLR2 signalling which is attenuated by proton pump inhibition

Background and Purpose Opioids are the standard drug for pain management; however, their effects on gastric dysfunction are relatively understudied. Opioid users have a higher incidence of gastric pathology leading to increased hospitalization. Herein, we investigated the consequences of morphine us...

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