Angle-resolved XPS characterization of urea formaldehyde-epoxy systems
A series a coil coating primers, based on high‐molecular‐weight epoxy resins and a urea formaldehyde crosslinking agent, have been investigated by angle‐resolved XPS (ARXPS) analysis. The addition of a low amount of flow agent additive (
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Surface and interface analysis 2002-10, Vol.33 (10-11), p.869-878 |
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| container_end_page | 878 |
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| container_issue | 10-11 |
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| container_title | Surface and interface analysis |
| container_volume | 33 |
| creator | Perruchot, Christian Watts, John F. Lowe, Chris White, Richard G. Cumpson, Peter J. |
| description | A series a coil coating primers, based on high‐molecular‐weight epoxy resins and a urea formaldehyde crosslinking agent, have been investigated by angle‐resolved XPS (ARXPS) analysis. The addition of a low amount of flow agent additive ( |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1002/sia.1465 |
| format | Article |
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The addition of a low amount of flow agent additive (<0.2 wt.%) in the formulations induced significant changes in the surface composition and the peak‐fitted carbon spectra compared with the reference formulation containing no additive. Characterization of the surface composition of the various coatings at different take‐off angles of analysis, combined with the use of a public domain forward transform routine (ARCtick 1.0 software, from the National Physical Laboratory, UK), allows the determination of the elemental depth profile for each formulation. In addition, changes of the relative intensities of specific components in the peak‐fitted carbon signals allow the determination of chemical depth profiles within the analysis depth of XPS (∼4–5 nm). Elemental and chemical compositions clearly demonstrate a preferential segregation of the flow agent additive towards the air/surface interface of the coating. The thickness of the additive outerlayer was evaluated in the range of 0.5–1.0 nm using the variations of the elemental and carbon chemistry depth profiles, which shows changes in the concentration of the additive. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0142-2421</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1096-9918</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/sia.1465</identifier><identifier>CODEN: SIANDQ</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd</publisher><subject>angle-resolved XPS ; Applied sciences ; Coatings. 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Interface Anal</addtitle><description>A series a coil coating primers, based on high‐molecular‐weight epoxy resins and a urea formaldehyde crosslinking agent, have been investigated by angle‐resolved XPS (ARXPS) analysis. The addition of a low amount of flow agent additive (<0.2 wt.%) in the formulations induced significant changes in the surface composition and the peak‐fitted carbon spectra compared with the reference formulation containing no additive. Characterization of the surface composition of the various coatings at different take‐off angles of analysis, combined with the use of a public domain forward transform routine (ARCtick 1.0 software, from the National Physical Laboratory, UK), allows the determination of the elemental depth profile for each formulation. In addition, changes of the relative intensities of specific components in the peak‐fitted carbon signals allow the determination of chemical depth profiles within the analysis depth of XPS (∼4–5 nm). Elemental and chemical compositions clearly demonstrate a preferential segregation of the flow agent additive towards the air/surface interface of the coating. The thickness of the additive outerlayer was evaluated in the range of 0.5–1.0 nm using the variations of the elemental and carbon chemistry depth profiles, which shows changes in the concentration of the additive. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</description><subject>angle-resolved XPS</subject><subject>Applied sciences</subject><subject>Coatings. Paints, varnishes and inks</subject><subject>elemental and chemical depth profiles</subject><subject>epoxy and urea formaldehyde resins</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>Film formation and curing, properties, testing</subject><subject>flow agent additives</subject><subject>Polymer industry, paints, wood</subject><issn>0142-2421</issn><issn>1096-9918</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2002</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp10M9PwjAYxvHGaCKiiX_CLhovw3Zd1_VIiCAJURM0cGteurcy3Q9sQZl_vSMQPXl6Lp88hy8hl4z2GKXRrc-hx-JEHJEOoyoJlWLpMelQFkdhFEfslJx5_0YpTXmadMiwX70WGDr0dfGJWTB_mgZmCQ7MGl3-Deu8roLaBhuHENjalVBkuGwyDHFVb5vAN36NpT8nJxYKjxeH7ZKX4d3z4D6cPI7Gg_4kNDyJRIgso0ZBBpYaSJigVFkUdqHkgivGOM8YpCyTJk2loWLBrM2UVDaWjBuZAu-S6_3vytUfG_RrXebeYFFAhfXG60iKVFLOW3izh8bV3ju0euXyElyjGdW7ULoNpXehWnp1-ARvoLAOKpP7P8-VjEUUty7cu6-8wObfPz0d9w-_B5-3iba_Hty7TiSXQs8eRnou5UgMZ0PN-Q-dd4X5</recordid><startdate>200210</startdate><enddate>200210</enddate><creator>Perruchot, Christian</creator><creator>Watts, John F.</creator><creator>Lowe, Chris</creator><creator>White, Richard G.</creator><creator>Cumpson, Peter J.</creator><general>John Wiley & Sons, Ltd</general><general>Wiley</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>JG9</scope></search><sort><creationdate>200210</creationdate><title>Angle-resolved XPS characterization of urea formaldehyde-epoxy systems</title><author>Perruchot, Christian ; Watts, John F. ; Lowe, Chris ; White, Richard G. ; Cumpson, Peter J.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c3625-e1d0c9adaf0ca615009fe5fb97b391133d1a81d7c887c05b1ffd979f4713c78a3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2002</creationdate><topic>angle-resolved XPS</topic><topic>Applied sciences</topic><topic>Coatings. Paints, varnishes and inks</topic><topic>elemental and chemical depth profiles</topic><topic>epoxy and urea formaldehyde resins</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>Film formation and curing, properties, testing</topic><topic>flow agent additives</topic><topic>Polymer industry, paints, wood</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Perruchot, Christian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Watts, John F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lowe, Chris</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>White, Richard G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cumpson, Peter J.</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><jtitle>Surface and interface analysis</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Perruchot, Christian</au><au>Watts, John F.</au><au>Lowe, Chris</au><au>White, Richard G.</au><au>Cumpson, Peter J.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Angle-resolved XPS characterization of urea formaldehyde-epoxy systems</atitle><jtitle>Surface and interface analysis</jtitle><addtitle>Surf. Interface Anal</addtitle><date>2002-10</date><risdate>2002</risdate><volume>33</volume><issue>10-11</issue><spage>869</spage><epage>878</epage><pages>869-878</pages><issn>0142-2421</issn><eissn>1096-9918</eissn><coden>SIANDQ</coden><abstract>A series a coil coating primers, based on high‐molecular‐weight epoxy resins and a urea formaldehyde crosslinking agent, have been investigated by angle‐resolved XPS (ARXPS) analysis. The addition of a low amount of flow agent additive (<0.2 wt.%) in the formulations induced significant changes in the surface composition and the peak‐fitted carbon spectra compared with the reference formulation containing no additive. Characterization of the surface composition of the various coatings at different take‐off angles of analysis, combined with the use of a public domain forward transform routine (ARCtick 1.0 software, from the National Physical Laboratory, UK), allows the determination of the elemental depth profile for each formulation. In addition, changes of the relative intensities of specific components in the peak‐fitted carbon signals allow the determination of chemical depth profiles within the analysis depth of XPS (∼4–5 nm). Elemental and chemical compositions clearly demonstrate a preferential segregation of the flow agent additive towards the air/surface interface of the coating. The thickness of the additive outerlayer was evaluated in the range of 0.5–1.0 nm using the variations of the elemental and carbon chemistry depth profiles, which shows changes in the concentration of the additive. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</abstract><cop>Chichester, UK</cop><pub>John Wiley & Sons, Ltd</pub><doi>10.1002/sia.1465</doi><tpages>10</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | angle-resolved XPS Applied sciences Coatings. Paints, varnishes and inks elemental and chemical depth profiles epoxy and urea formaldehyde resins Exact sciences and technology Film formation and curing, properties, testing flow agent additives Polymer industry, paints, wood |
| title | Angle-resolved XPS characterization of urea formaldehyde-epoxy systems |
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