Self-compassion mitigates the cognitive, affective, and social impact of courtesy stigma on parents of autistic children
Purpose Due to the courtesy stigma of autism spectrum disorder, many parents of autistic children are devaluated and discriminated against by the public. Despite the high prevalence of this courtesy stigma, very few studies have examined its negative effects on parents of autistic children and explo...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 2023-11, Vol.58 (11), p.1649-1660 |
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creator | Chan, Kevin Ka Shing Fung, Winnie Tsz Wa Leung, Donald Chi Kin |
description | Purpose
Due to the courtesy stigma of autism spectrum disorder, many parents of autistic children are devaluated and discriminated against by the public. Despite the high prevalence of this courtesy stigma, very few studies have examined its negative effects on parents of autistic children and explored the factors that may protect the parents from these negative effects. The present study utilized a 2-year, two-wave prospective longitudinal design to examine the associations of courtesy stigma with adverse cognitive (self-stigma), affective (depressive and anxiety symptoms), and social (parent–child and inter-parental conflicts) consequences for parents of autistic children and to test whether these associations would be moderated and mitigated by self-compassion.
Methods
A total of 381 parents of autistic children completed questionnaires about courtesy stigma, self-compassion, self-stigma, depressive and anxiety symptoms, and parent–child and inter-parental conflicts at time 1 (T1) and time 2 (T2).
Results
Courtesy stigma interacted with self-compassion at T1 in predicting self-stigma, depressive and anxiety symptoms, and parent–child and inter-parental conflicts at T2. Specifically, the associations of courtesy stigma with the adverse psychological consequences were weaker for parents with high self-compassion than for those with low self-compassion.
Conclusion
Our results demonstrate the prospective associations of courtesy stigma with adverse cognitive, affective, and social consequences for parents of autistic children, as well as the protective effects of self-compassion against such associations. These results highlight the importance of increasing parents’ self-compassion to help them cope with courtesy stigma and improve their psychological well-being. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s00127-022-02413-9 |
format | Article |
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Due to the courtesy stigma of autism spectrum disorder, many parents of autistic children are devaluated and discriminated against by the public. Despite the high prevalence of this courtesy stigma, very few studies have examined its negative effects on parents of autistic children and explored the factors that may protect the parents from these negative effects. The present study utilized a 2-year, two-wave prospective longitudinal design to examine the associations of courtesy stigma with adverse cognitive (self-stigma), affective (depressive and anxiety symptoms), and social (parent–child and inter-parental conflicts) consequences for parents of autistic children and to test whether these associations would be moderated and mitigated by self-compassion.
Methods
A total of 381 parents of autistic children completed questionnaires about courtesy stigma, self-compassion, self-stigma, depressive and anxiety symptoms, and parent–child and inter-parental conflicts at time 1 (T1) and time 2 (T2).
Results
Courtesy stigma interacted with self-compassion at T1 in predicting self-stigma, depressive and anxiety symptoms, and parent–child and inter-parental conflicts at T2. Specifically, the associations of courtesy stigma with the adverse psychological consequences were weaker for parents with high self-compassion than for those with low self-compassion.
Conclusion
Our results demonstrate the prospective associations of courtesy stigma with adverse cognitive, affective, and social consequences for parents of autistic children, as well as the protective effects of self-compassion against such associations. These results highlight the importance of increasing parents’ self-compassion to help them cope with courtesy stigma and improve their psychological well-being.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0933-7954</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1433-9285</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s00127-022-02413-9</identifier><identifier>PMID: 36566467</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher><subject>Anxiety ; Autism ; Autistic children ; Children ; Epidemiology ; Medicine ; Medicine & Public Health ; Original Paper ; Parents ; Parents & parenting ; Psychiatry ; Psychological factors ; Self compassion ; Social aspects ; Stigma ; Well being</subject><ispartof>Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 2023-11, Vol.58 (11), p.1649-1660</ispartof><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany 2022. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.</rights><rights>2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany.</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2023 Springer</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c393t-eb2be5dcb3a513b2edad32ca199d01d7bbad7c321299a94c9df70125579e2ed53</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-9749-2755</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00127-022-02413-9$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00127-022-02413-9$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27923,27924,41487,42556,51318</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36566467$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Chan, Kevin Ka Shing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fung, Winnie Tsz Wa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Leung, Donald Chi Kin</creatorcontrib><title>Self-compassion mitigates the cognitive, affective, and social impact of courtesy stigma on parents of autistic children</title><title>Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology</title><addtitle>Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol</addtitle><addtitle>Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol</addtitle><description>Purpose
Due to the courtesy stigma of autism spectrum disorder, many parents of autistic children are devaluated and discriminated against by the public. Despite the high prevalence of this courtesy stigma, very few studies have examined its negative effects on parents of autistic children and explored the factors that may protect the parents from these negative effects. The present study utilized a 2-year, two-wave prospective longitudinal design to examine the associations of courtesy stigma with adverse cognitive (self-stigma), affective (depressive and anxiety symptoms), and social (parent–child and inter-parental conflicts) consequences for parents of autistic children and to test whether these associations would be moderated and mitigated by self-compassion.
Methods
A total of 381 parents of autistic children completed questionnaires about courtesy stigma, self-compassion, self-stigma, depressive and anxiety symptoms, and parent–child and inter-parental conflicts at time 1 (T1) and time 2 (T2).
Results
Courtesy stigma interacted with self-compassion at T1 in predicting self-stigma, depressive and anxiety symptoms, and parent–child and inter-parental conflicts at T2. Specifically, the associations of courtesy stigma with the adverse psychological consequences were weaker for parents with high self-compassion than for those with low self-compassion.
Conclusion
Our results demonstrate the prospective associations of courtesy stigma with adverse cognitive, affective, and social consequences for parents of autistic children, as well as the protective effects of self-compassion against such associations. These results highlight the importance of increasing parents’ self-compassion to help them cope with courtesy stigma and improve their psychological well-being.</description><subject>Anxiety</subject><subject>Autism</subject><subject>Autistic children</subject><subject>Children</subject><subject>Epidemiology</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine & Public Health</subject><subject>Original Paper</subject><subject>Parents</subject><subject>Parents & parenting</subject><subject>Psychiatry</subject><subject>Psychological factors</subject><subject>Self compassion</subject><subject>Social aspects</subject><subject>Stigma</subject><subject>Well being</subject><issn>0933-7954</issn><issn>1433-9285</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kU9rFTEUxYMo9ln9Ai4k4KYLp-bPZDJZlmJVKLhQ1yGT3LymzEyek0yx3977fE-LIhJCLvf-ziHJIeQlZ-ecMf22MMaFbpgQuFsuG_OIbHgrsRC9ekw2zGCtjWpPyLNSbhlj0mj5lJzITnVd2-kN-f4Zxtj4PO1cKSnPdEo1bV2FQusNUJ-3Mzbu4A11MYI_lnOgJfvkRppQ6CvNEdF1Qdk9LWgwOYpeO7fAXMt-6taacOCpv0ljwPZz8iS6scCL43lKvl69-3L5obn-9P7j5cV146WRtYFBDKCCH6RTXA4CggtSeMeNCYwHPQwuaC8FF8Y403oTosZfUUobQFjJU3J28N0t-dsKpdopFQ_j6GbIa7FCq55z_L4O0dd_obf4phlvZ0Wv2072nIkHautGsGmOuS7O703the562QnFWqTO_0HhCjAln2eICft_CMRB4JdcygLR7pY0ueXecmb3cdtD3Bbjtj_jtgZFr443XocJwm_Jr3wRkAeg4GjewvLwpP_Y_gB0M7V3</recordid><startdate>20231101</startdate><enddate>20231101</enddate><creator>Chan, Kevin Ka Shing</creator><creator>Fung, Winnie Tsz Wa</creator><creator>Leung, Donald Chi Kin</creator><general>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</general><general>Springer</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88G</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2M</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PSYQQ</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9749-2755</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20231101</creationdate><title>Self-compassion mitigates the cognitive, affective, and social impact of courtesy stigma on parents of autistic children</title><author>Chan, Kevin Ka Shing ; Fung, Winnie Tsz Wa ; Leung, Donald Chi Kin</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c393t-eb2be5dcb3a513b2edad32ca199d01d7bbad7c321299a94c9df70125579e2ed53</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>Anxiety</topic><topic>Autism</topic><topic>Autistic children</topic><topic>Children</topic><topic>Epidemiology</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Medicine & Public Health</topic><topic>Original Paper</topic><topic>Parents</topic><topic>Parents & parenting</topic><topic>Psychiatry</topic><topic>Psychological factors</topic><topic>Self compassion</topic><topic>Social aspects</topic><topic>Stigma</topic><topic>Well being</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Chan, Kevin Ka Shing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fung, Winnie Tsz Wa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Leung, Donald Chi Kin</creatorcontrib><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Psychology Database (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Research Library (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection (ProQuest)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Research Library Prep</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Psychology Database</collection><collection>Research Library</collection><collection>Research Library (Corporate)</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>ProQuest One Psychology</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Chan, Kevin Ka Shing</au><au>Fung, Winnie Tsz Wa</au><au>Leung, Donald Chi Kin</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Self-compassion mitigates the cognitive, affective, and social impact of courtesy stigma on parents of autistic children</atitle><jtitle>Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology</jtitle><stitle>Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol</stitle><addtitle>Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol</addtitle><date>2023-11-01</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>58</volume><issue>11</issue><spage>1649</spage><epage>1660</epage><pages>1649-1660</pages><issn>0933-7954</issn><eissn>1433-9285</eissn><abstract>Purpose
Due to the courtesy stigma of autism spectrum disorder, many parents of autistic children are devaluated and discriminated against by the public. Despite the high prevalence of this courtesy stigma, very few studies have examined its negative effects on parents of autistic children and explored the factors that may protect the parents from these negative effects. The present study utilized a 2-year, two-wave prospective longitudinal design to examine the associations of courtesy stigma with adverse cognitive (self-stigma), affective (depressive and anxiety symptoms), and social (parent–child and inter-parental conflicts) consequences for parents of autistic children and to test whether these associations would be moderated and mitigated by self-compassion.
Methods
A total of 381 parents of autistic children completed questionnaires about courtesy stigma, self-compassion, self-stigma, depressive and anxiety symptoms, and parent–child and inter-parental conflicts at time 1 (T1) and time 2 (T2).
Results
Courtesy stigma interacted with self-compassion at T1 in predicting self-stigma, depressive and anxiety symptoms, and parent–child and inter-parental conflicts at T2. Specifically, the associations of courtesy stigma with the adverse psychological consequences were weaker for parents with high self-compassion than for those with low self-compassion.
Conclusion
Our results demonstrate the prospective associations of courtesy stigma with adverse cognitive, affective, and social consequences for parents of autistic children, as well as the protective effects of self-compassion against such associations. These results highlight the importance of increasing parents’ self-compassion to help them cope with courtesy stigma and improve their psychological well-being.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</pub><pmid>36566467</pmid><doi>10.1007/s00127-022-02413-9</doi><tpages>12</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9749-2755</orcidid></addata></record> |
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subjects | Anxiety Autism Autistic children Children Epidemiology Medicine Medicine & Public Health Original Paper Parents Parents & parenting Psychiatry Psychological factors Self compassion Social aspects Stigma Well being |
title | Self-compassion mitigates the cognitive, affective, and social impact of courtesy stigma on parents of autistic children |
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