Long‐term results of kidney transplantation in patients with familial mediterranean fever

Introduction Long‐term kidney transplantation (KT) results in patients with familial Mediterranean fever (FMF)‐related amyloidosis are not well studied. This study reviewed the long‐term survival outcomes of FMF patients who underwent KT. Methods We compared the outcomes of 31 patients who underwent (KT) for biopsy‐proven amyloidosis secondary to FMF with 31 control patients (five with diabetes mellitus and 26 with nondiabetic kidney disease) undergoing KT between 1994 and 2021 at Başkent University Hospital. All data were recorded retrospectively from patients’ files. Results: The median age (quartile deviation QD) at the time of KT in the FMF and control group were 31 (6.7) and 33 (11), respectively. The median follow‐up period (QD) after KT was 108 (57) months in the FMF and 132 (72) months in the control group. In the FMF group, graft and patient survivals were 71% and 84% at 5 years and 45% and 48% at 10 years, respectively. In the control group, graft and patient survivals were 79% and 100% at 5 years and 63% and 71% at 10 years, respectively. Patient survival in the FMF group at 5 years was significantly lower than in the control group (p = .045). There was no statistically significant difference between the FMF and control groups in terms of graft and patient survival, and serum creatinine levels at 10 years. All patients were given triple immunosuppressive treatment with cyclosporine, mycophenolate mofetil, and prednisolone. Three patients received anakinra and one received canakinumab in addition to colchicine treatment. One FMF patient also underwent heart transplantation due to AA amyloidosis. Of the FMF patients, 11 died during follow‐up. Conclusion We have found that the long‐term outcome of KT in patients with FMF amyloidosis is numerically worse but not statistically different from the control group. However, short‐ and long‐term complications still need to be resolved.