Children with medical complexity and pediatric palliative care: Data by a respiratory intermediate care unit

Pediatric palliative care (PPC) is an active and total approach to the care of children with life‐limiting conditions and their families. PPC programs provide ongoing treatment for children with medical complexity (CMC), many of whom will reach adulthood. Aim of the study was to describe a population of CMC attendingin six preselected months the Respiratory Intermediate Care Unit of a tertiary referral hospital for southern and central Italy. We enrolled all CMC patients admitted to our unit in six preselected months and registered pathologies and different categories of childhood diseases, devices and needs, hospitalization and home care plan. Among the 275 children admitted to our unit, 130 CMC were included. Median age was 9.9 (0.1–40.0) years. The main pathologies recorded were neuromuscular, neurological, respiratory, metabolic and malformative diseases, genetic syndromes and outcomes of prematurity. Comorbidity due to respiratory, digestive, neurological, cardiac and urological involvement was present in a high percentage of cases. Among our patients, only 46 were not carriers of any medical device. The average length of hospitalization was 7.0 (1.0–270.0) days with 2 (1.0–7.0) admissions per year per patient. Home care activation was not required for 47 out of 130 patients. Children eligible for PPC are increasing and their survival results in a rise of comorbidities and special needs demanding multilevel interventions. Respiratory symptoms are the most recurrent ones observed, thus requiring an expert in PPC with expertise in the respiratory field. Sharing data and knowledge of CMC needs may help improve care coordination.