Human exposure to radio base-station antennas in urban environment
In this paper, the human exposure to the electromagnetic field radiated by a radio base-station antenna operating around 900 MHz in an urban environment has been analyzed. A hybrid ray-tracing/finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method has been used to evaluate the incident field and the power abso...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | IEEE transactions on microwave theory and techniques 2000-11, Vol.48 (11), p.1996-2002 |
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| container_end_page | 2002 |
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| container_issue | 11 |
| container_start_page | 1996 |
| container_title | IEEE transactions on microwave theory and techniques |
| container_volume | 48 |
| creator | Bernardi, P. Cavagnaro, M. Pisa, S. Piuzzi, E. |
| description | In this paper, the human exposure to the electromagnetic field radiated by a radio base-station antenna operating around 900 MHz in an urban environment has been analyzed. A hybrid ray-tracing/finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method has been used to evaluate the incident field and the power absorbed in an exposed subject in the presence of reflecting walls. The base-station antenna has been characterized by means of its radiation pattern, evaluated with an FDTD analysis of a typical panel antenna. Three particular situations for a rooftop mounted antenna have been considered. In all the examined cases, the obtained results, in terms of incident field and absorbed power, are below the most recognized safety standard levels. The importance of an accurate modeling of the environment in which the exposure takes place has been evidenced. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1109/22.884188 |
| format | Article |
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A hybrid ray-tracing/finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method has been used to evaluate the incident field and the power absorbed in an exposed subject in the presence of reflecting walls. The base-station antenna has been characterized by means of its radiation pattern, evaluated with an FDTD analysis of a typical panel antenna. Three particular situations for a rooftop mounted antenna have been considered. In all the examined cases, the obtained results, in terms of incident field and absorbed power, are below the most recognized safety standard levels. 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A hybrid ray-tracing/finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method has been used to evaluate the incident field and the power absorbed in an exposed subject in the presence of reflecting walls. The base-station antenna has been characterized by means of its radiation pattern, evaluated with an FDTD analysis of a typical panel antenna. Three particular situations for a rooftop mounted antenna have been considered. In all the examined cases, the obtained results, in terms of incident field and absorbed power, are below the most recognized safety standard levels. The importance of an accurate modeling of the environment in which the exposure takes place has been evidenced.</description><subject>Antenna radiation patterns</subject><subject>Antennas</subject><subject>Antennas and propagation</subject><subject>Biological system modeling</subject><subject>Electromagnetic fields</subject><subject>Finite difference method</subject><subject>Finite difference methods</subject><subject>Finite difference time domain method</subject><subject>Human</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Microwaves</subject><subject>Optical scattering</subject><subject>Pattern analysis</subject><subject>Radio</subject><subject>Ray tracing</subject><subject>Time domain analysis</subject><subject>Urban environments</subject><subject>Walls</subject><issn>0018-9480</issn><issn>1557-9670</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2000</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>RIE</sourceid><recordid>eNqN0TtPwzAQAGALgUQpDKxMEQOIIcXnR2yPUAFFqsQCs-WkFylVaxc7QfDvSRTEwABMp9N9dyfdEXIKdAZAzTVjM60FaL1HJiClyk2h6D6ZUAo6N0LTQ3KU0rpPhaR6Qm4X3db5DN93IXURszZk0a2akJUuYZ5a1zbBZ8636L1LWeOzLpZDg39rYvBb9O0xOajdJuHJV5ySl_u75_kiXz49PM5vlnnFOW1zXlXClVgCKFlWq9Ioo9AxBlgWwChfoQSmESgaoE6UlSy44aZWwMDwWvEpuRzn7mJ47TC1dtukCjcb5zF0yRoQBVeUQy8vfpVMc9EP1X9DJYUWmv0H8n77AM9_wHXoou_vYrWWUBSGDuhqRFUMKUWs7S42Wxc_LFA7vNEyZsc39vZstA0ifruv4ici-5V3</recordid><startdate>20001101</startdate><enddate>20001101</enddate><creator>Bernardi, P.</creator><creator>Cavagnaro, M.</creator><creator>Pisa, S.</creator><creator>Piuzzi, E.</creator><general>IEEE</general><general>The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 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| language | eng |
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| source | IEEE Electronic Library (IEL) |
| subjects | Antenna radiation patterns Antennas Antennas and propagation Biological system modeling Electromagnetic fields Finite difference method Finite difference methods Finite difference time domain method Human Humans Microwaves Optical scattering Pattern analysis Radio Ray tracing Time domain analysis Urban environments Walls |
| title | Human exposure to radio base-station antennas in urban environment |
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