HIV-associated nephropathy in children: challenges in a resource-limited setting
HIV infection remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, especially in children living in resource-limited settings. Although the World Health Organization (WHO) recently recommended antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation upon diagnosis regardless of the number of CD4,...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, West) West), 2023-08, Vol.38 (8), p.2509-2521 |
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| container_title | Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, West) |
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| creator | Nkoy, Agathe B. Ekulu, Pépé M. Labarque, Veerle Van den Heuvel, Lambertus P. Levtchenko, Elena N. |
| description | HIV infection remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, especially in children living in resource-limited settings. Although the World Health Organization (WHO) recently recommended antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation upon diagnosis regardless of the number of CD4, ART access remains limited, especially in children living in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). HIV-infected children who do not receive appropriate ART are at increased risk of developing HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN). Although due to genetic susceptibility, SSA is recognized to be the epicenter of HIVAN, limited information is available regarding the burden of HIVAN in children living in Africa. The present review discusses the information available to date on the prevalence, pathogenesis, risk factors, diagnosis, and management of HIVAN in children, focusing on related challenges in a resource-limited setting. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s00467-022-05819-4 |
| format | Article |
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Although the World Health Organization (WHO) recently recommended antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation upon diagnosis regardless of the number of CD4, ART access remains limited, especially in children living in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). HIV-infected children who do not receive appropriate ART are at increased risk of developing HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN). Although due to genetic susceptibility, SSA is recognized to be the epicenter of HIVAN, limited information is available regarding the burden of HIVAN in children living in Africa. 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Although the World Health Organization (WHO) recently recommended antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation upon diagnosis regardless of the number of CD4, ART access remains limited, especially in children living in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). HIV-infected children who do not receive appropriate ART are at increased risk of developing HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN). Although due to genetic susceptibility, SSA is recognized to be the epicenter of HIVAN, limited information is available regarding the burden of HIVAN in children living in Africa. 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Although the World Health Organization (WHO) recently recommended antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation upon diagnosis regardless of the number of CD4, ART access remains limited, especially in children living in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). HIV-infected children who do not receive appropriate ART are at increased risk of developing HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN). Although due to genetic susceptibility, SSA is recognized to be the epicenter of HIVAN, limited information is available regarding the burden of HIVAN in children living in Africa. 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| ispartof | Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, West), 2023-08, Vol.38 (8), p.2509-2521 |
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| subjects | Africa South of the Sahara - epidemiology AIDS-Associated Nephropathy - diagnosis AIDS-Associated Nephropathy - epidemiology AIDS-Associated Nephropathy - etiology Antiretroviral therapy Biopsy CD4 antigen Child Children Complications and side effects Creatinine Diagnosis Diseases Drug therapy Heparan sulfate HIV HIV (Viruses) HIV Infections - complications HIV Infections - drug therapy HIV Infections - epidemiology Hospitals Human immunodeficiency virus Humans Immune system Infections Kidney diseases Medicine Medicine & Public Health Morbidity Mortality Nephrology Nephropathy Pathogenesis Pediatrics Proteins Resource-Limited Settings Review Risk Factors Toxicity Urology |
| title | HIV-associated nephropathy in children: challenges in a resource-limited setting |
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