Callicarpanes A–L, Twelve New Clerodane Diterpenoids with NLRP3 Inflammasome Inhibitory Activity from Callicarpa integerrima

Twelve new clerodane diterpenoids named callicarpanes A–L (1–12), together with eight known compounds (13–20), were isolated from Callicarpa integerrima. Their structures were determined by comprehensive spectroscopic data. The calculated chemical shifts were used to identify relative configurations using DP4+ analysis. The absolute configurations (AC) were assigned based on quantum chemical calculations and X‐ray single‐crystal diffraction methods. Compounds 1, 3, 5, 9, 10, 12, 15, 16, and 19 showed significant inhibitory activity for NLRP3 inflammasome activation, with the IC50 against lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release ranging from 0.08 to 4.78 μM. Further study revealed that compound 10 repressed IL‐1β secretion and caspase‐1 maturation in J774A.1 cell as well as blocked macrophage pyroptosis.