Glucose Infusion Induced Change in Intracellular pH and Its Relationship with Tumor Glycolysis in a C6 Rat Model of Glioblastoma
Introduction The reliance on glycolytic metabolism is a hallmark of tumor metabolism. Excess acid and protons are produced, leading to an acidic tumor environment. Therefore, we explored the relationship between the tumor glycolytic metabolism and tissue pH by comparing 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose posit...
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| creator | Qi, Qi Fox, Matthew S. Lim, Heeseung Sullivan, Rebecca Li, Alex Bellyou, Miranda Desjardins, Lise McClennan, Andrew Bartha, Robert Hoffman, Lisa Scholl, Timothy J. Lee, Ting-Yim Thiessen, Jonathan D. |
| description | Introduction
The reliance on glycolytic metabolism is a hallmark of tumor metabolism. Excess acid and protons are produced, leading to an acidic tumor environment. Therefore, we explored the relationship between the tumor glycolytic metabolism and tissue pH by comparing
18
F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) and hyperpolarized [1-
13
C]pyruvate MR spectroscopy imaging (MRSI) to chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI measurements of tumor pH.
Methods
10
6
C6 glioma cells were implanted in the brains of male Wistar rats (
N
= 11) using stereotactic surgery. A 60-min PET acquisition after a bolus of FDG was performed at 11–13 days post implantation, and standardized uptake value (SUV) was calculated. CEST measurements were acquired the following day before and during constant infusion of glucose solution. Tumor intracellular pH (pHi) was evaluated using amine and amide concentration-independent detection (AACID) CEST MRI. The change of pH
i
(∆pH
i
) was calculated as the difference between pH
i
pre- and during glucose infusion. Rats were imaged immediately with hyperpolarized [1-
13
C]pyruvate MRSI. Regional maps of the ratio of Lac:Pyr were acquired. The correlations between SUV, Lac:Pyr ratio, and ∆pH
i
were evaluated using Pearson’s correlation.
Results
A decrease of 0.14 in pH
i
was found after glucose infusion in tumor region. Significant correlations between tumor glycolysis measurements of Lac:Pyr and ∆pH
i
within the tumor (
ρ
= 0.83,
P
= 0.01) and peritumoral region (
ρ
= 0.76,
P
= 0.028) were observed. No significant correlations were found between tumor SUV and ∆pH
i
within the tumor (
ρ
= − 0.45,
P
= 0.17) and peritumor regions (
ρ
= − 0.6,
P
= 0.051).
Conclusion
AACID detected the changes in pH
i
induced by glucose infusion. Significant correlations between tumor glycolytic measurement of Lac:Pyr and tumoral and peritumoral pH
i
and ∆pH
i
suggest the intrinsic relationship between tumor glycolytic metabolism and the tumor pH environment as well as the peritumor pH environment. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s11307-022-01726-0 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_2739743686</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2785663268</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-58f810df543318bad0464efd733177ac3dfa70a09a048ade2f2d716501afd5cb3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9kcFvFCEUxompsbX6D3hoSLx4GX3ADLDHZlO3m9SYNPVM3g7gTsMMWxjS7M0_XdatNfHQEw_e7_uA9xHygcFnBqC-ZMYEqAY4b4ApLht4Rc6YltBwAH5S607IhknBT8nbnO-hUoyLN-RUyJZpJRdn5NcqlD5mR9eTL3mIUy1s6Z2lyy1OPx0dDidzwt6FUAImurumOFm6njO9dQHnqsnbYUcfh3lL78oYE12FfR_DPg_5IEe6lPQWZ_otWhdo9LU_xE3APMcR35HXHkN275_Wc_Lj69Xd8rq5-b5aLy9vml6obm467TUD67tWCKY3aKGVrfNW1a1S2AvrUQHCAqHVaB333ComO2DobddvxDn5dPTdpfhQXJ7NOOTDp3BysWTDlVioVkgtK_rxP_Q-ljTV11VKd7IOVOpK8SPVp5hzct7s0jBi2hsG5pCPOeZjaj7mTz4GqujiybpsRmefJX8DqYA4Arm26vzTv7tfsP0NoiCa0Q</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2785663268</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Glucose Infusion Induced Change in Intracellular pH and Its Relationship with Tumor Glycolysis in a C6 Rat Model of Glioblastoma</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Springer Nature - Complete Springer Journals</source><creator>Qi, Qi ; Fox, Matthew S. ; Lim, Heeseung ; Sullivan, Rebecca ; Li, Alex ; Bellyou, Miranda ; Desjardins, Lise ; McClennan, Andrew ; Bartha, Robert ; Hoffman, Lisa ; Scholl, Timothy J. ; Lee, Ting-Yim ; Thiessen, Jonathan D.</creator><creatorcontrib>Qi, Qi ; Fox, Matthew S. ; Lim, Heeseung ; Sullivan, Rebecca ; Li, Alex ; Bellyou, Miranda ; Desjardins, Lise ; McClennan, Andrew ; Bartha, Robert ; Hoffman, Lisa ; Scholl, Timothy J. ; Lee, Ting-Yim ; Thiessen, Jonathan D.</creatorcontrib><description>Introduction
The reliance on glycolytic metabolism is a hallmark of tumor metabolism. Excess acid and protons are produced, leading to an acidic tumor environment. Therefore, we explored the relationship between the tumor glycolytic metabolism and tissue pH by comparing
18
F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) and hyperpolarized [1-
13
C]pyruvate MR spectroscopy imaging (MRSI) to chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI measurements of tumor pH.
Methods
10
6
C6 glioma cells were implanted in the brains of male Wistar rats (
N
= 11) using stereotactic surgery. A 60-min PET acquisition after a bolus of FDG was performed at 11–13 days post implantation, and standardized uptake value (SUV) was calculated. CEST measurements were acquired the following day before and during constant infusion of glucose solution. Tumor intracellular pH (pHi) was evaluated using amine and amide concentration-independent detection (AACID) CEST MRI. The change of pH
i
(∆pH
i
) was calculated as the difference between pH
i
pre- and during glucose infusion. Rats were imaged immediately with hyperpolarized [1-
13
C]pyruvate MRSI. Regional maps of the ratio of Lac:Pyr were acquired. The correlations between SUV, Lac:Pyr ratio, and ∆pH
i
were evaluated using Pearson’s correlation.
Results
A decrease of 0.14 in pH
i
was found after glucose infusion in tumor region. Significant correlations between tumor glycolysis measurements of Lac:Pyr and ∆pH
i
within the tumor (
ρ
= 0.83,
P
= 0.01) and peritumoral region (
ρ
= 0.76,
P
= 0.028) were observed. No significant correlations were found between tumor SUV and ∆pH
i
within the tumor (
ρ
= − 0.45,
P
= 0.17) and peritumor regions (
ρ
= − 0.6,
P
= 0.051).
Conclusion
AACID detected the changes in pH
i
induced by glucose infusion. Significant correlations between tumor glycolytic measurement of Lac:Pyr and tumoral and peritumoral pH
i
and ∆pH
i
suggest the intrinsic relationship between tumor glycolytic metabolism and the tumor pH environment as well as the peritumor pH environment.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1536-1632</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1860-2002</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s11307-022-01726-0</identifier><identifier>PMID: 36418769</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Cham: Springer International Publishing</publisher><subject>Animal models ; Animals ; Brain cancer ; Brain Neoplasms - pathology ; Brain tumors ; Evaluation ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 ; Glioblastoma ; Glioblastoma - pathology ; Glioma cells ; Glucose ; Glycolysis ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Imaging ; Intracellular ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging - methods ; Magnetic resonance spectroscopy ; Male ; Medicine ; Medicine & Public Health ; Metabolism ; pH effects ; Positron emission ; Positron emission tomography ; Protons ; Pyruvates ; Pyruvic acid ; Radiology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Research Article ; Tumors</subject><ispartof>Molecular imaging and biology, 2023-04, Vol.25 (2), p.271-282</ispartof><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to World Molecular Imaging Society 2022. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.</rights><rights>2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to World Molecular Imaging Society.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-58f810df543318bad0464efd733177ac3dfa70a09a048ade2f2d716501afd5cb3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-58f810df543318bad0464efd733177ac3dfa70a09a048ade2f2d716501afd5cb3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11307-022-01726-0$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11307-022-01726-0$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27903,27904,41467,42536,51297</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36418769$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Qi, Qi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fox, Matthew S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lim, Heeseung</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sullivan, Rebecca</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Alex</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bellyou, Miranda</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Desjardins, Lise</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McClennan, Andrew</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bartha, Robert</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hoffman, Lisa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Scholl, Timothy J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Ting-Yim</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thiessen, Jonathan D.</creatorcontrib><title>Glucose Infusion Induced Change in Intracellular pH and Its Relationship with Tumor Glycolysis in a C6 Rat Model of Glioblastoma</title><title>Molecular imaging and biology</title><addtitle>Mol Imaging Biol</addtitle><addtitle>Mol Imaging Biol</addtitle><description>Introduction
The reliance on glycolytic metabolism is a hallmark of tumor metabolism. Excess acid and protons are produced, leading to an acidic tumor environment. Therefore, we explored the relationship between the tumor glycolytic metabolism and tissue pH by comparing
18
F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) and hyperpolarized [1-
13
C]pyruvate MR spectroscopy imaging (MRSI) to chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI measurements of tumor pH.
Methods
10
6
C6 glioma cells were implanted in the brains of male Wistar rats (
N
= 11) using stereotactic surgery. A 60-min PET acquisition after a bolus of FDG was performed at 11–13 days post implantation, and standardized uptake value (SUV) was calculated. CEST measurements were acquired the following day before and during constant infusion of glucose solution. Tumor intracellular pH (pHi) was evaluated using amine and amide concentration-independent detection (AACID) CEST MRI. The change of pH
i
(∆pH
i
) was calculated as the difference between pH
i
pre- and during glucose infusion. Rats were imaged immediately with hyperpolarized [1-
13
C]pyruvate MRSI. Regional maps of the ratio of Lac:Pyr were acquired. The correlations between SUV, Lac:Pyr ratio, and ∆pH
i
were evaluated using Pearson’s correlation.
Results
A decrease of 0.14 in pH
i
was found after glucose infusion in tumor region. Significant correlations between tumor glycolysis measurements of Lac:Pyr and ∆pH
i
within the tumor (
ρ
= 0.83,
P
= 0.01) and peritumoral region (
ρ
= 0.76,
P
= 0.028) were observed. No significant correlations were found between tumor SUV and ∆pH
i
within the tumor (
ρ
= − 0.45,
P
= 0.17) and peritumor regions (
ρ
= − 0.6,
P
= 0.051).
Conclusion
AACID detected the changes in pH
i
induced by glucose infusion. Significant correlations between tumor glycolytic measurement of Lac:Pyr and tumoral and peritumoral pH
i
and ∆pH
i
suggest the intrinsic relationship between tumor glycolytic metabolism and the tumor pH environment as well as the peritumor pH environment.</description><subject>Animal models</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Brain cancer</subject><subject>Brain Neoplasms - pathology</subject><subject>Brain tumors</subject><subject>Evaluation</subject><subject>Fluorodeoxyglucose F18</subject><subject>Glioblastoma</subject><subject>Glioblastoma - pathology</subject><subject>Glioma cells</subject><subject>Glucose</subject><subject>Glycolysis</subject><subject>Hydrogen-Ion Concentration</subject><subject>Imaging</subject><subject>Intracellular</subject><subject>Magnetic resonance imaging</subject><subject>Magnetic Resonance Imaging - methods</subject><subject>Magnetic resonance spectroscopy</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine & Public Health</subject><subject>Metabolism</subject><subject>pH effects</subject><subject>Positron emission</subject><subject>Positron emission tomography</subject><subject>Protons</subject><subject>Pyruvates</subject><subject>Pyruvic acid</subject><subject>Radiology</subject><subject>Rats</subject><subject>Rats, Wistar</subject><subject>Research Article</subject><subject>Tumors</subject><issn>1536-1632</issn><issn>1860-2002</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kcFvFCEUxompsbX6D3hoSLx4GX3ADLDHZlO3m9SYNPVM3g7gTsMMWxjS7M0_XdatNfHQEw_e7_uA9xHygcFnBqC-ZMYEqAY4b4ApLht4Rc6YltBwAH5S607IhknBT8nbnO-hUoyLN-RUyJZpJRdn5NcqlD5mR9eTL3mIUy1s6Z2lyy1OPx0dDidzwt6FUAImurumOFm6njO9dQHnqsnbYUcfh3lL78oYE12FfR_DPg_5IEe6lPQWZ_otWhdo9LU_xE3APMcR35HXHkN275_Wc_Lj69Xd8rq5-b5aLy9vml6obm467TUD67tWCKY3aKGVrfNW1a1S2AvrUQHCAqHVaB333ComO2DobddvxDn5dPTdpfhQXJ7NOOTDp3BysWTDlVioVkgtK_rxP_Q-ljTV11VKd7IOVOpK8SPVp5hzct7s0jBi2hsG5pCPOeZjaj7mTz4GqujiybpsRmefJX8DqYA4Arm26vzTv7tfsP0NoiCa0Q</recordid><startdate>20230401</startdate><enddate>20230401</enddate><creator>Qi, Qi</creator><creator>Fox, Matthew S.</creator><creator>Lim, Heeseung</creator><creator>Sullivan, Rebecca</creator><creator>Li, Alex</creator><creator>Bellyou, Miranda</creator><creator>Desjardins, Lise</creator><creator>McClennan, Andrew</creator><creator>Bartha, Robert</creator><creator>Hoffman, Lisa</creator><creator>Scholl, Timothy J.</creator><creator>Lee, Ting-Yim</creator><creator>Thiessen, Jonathan D.</creator><general>Springer International Publishing</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20230401</creationdate><title>Glucose Infusion Induced Change in Intracellular pH and Its Relationship with Tumor Glycolysis in a C6 Rat Model of Glioblastoma</title><author>Qi, Qi ; Fox, Matthew S. ; Lim, Heeseung ; Sullivan, Rebecca ; Li, Alex ; Bellyou, Miranda ; Desjardins, Lise ; McClennan, Andrew ; Bartha, Robert ; Hoffman, Lisa ; Scholl, Timothy J. ; Lee, Ting-Yim ; Thiessen, Jonathan D.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-58f810df543318bad0464efd733177ac3dfa70a09a048ade2f2d716501afd5cb3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>Animal models</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Brain cancer</topic><topic>Brain Neoplasms - pathology</topic><topic>Brain tumors</topic><topic>Evaluation</topic><topic>Fluorodeoxyglucose F18</topic><topic>Glioblastoma</topic><topic>Glioblastoma - pathology</topic><topic>Glioma cells</topic><topic>Glucose</topic><topic>Glycolysis</topic><topic>Hydrogen-Ion Concentration</topic><topic>Imaging</topic><topic>Intracellular</topic><topic>Magnetic resonance imaging</topic><topic>Magnetic Resonance Imaging - methods</topic><topic>Magnetic resonance spectroscopy</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Medicine & Public Health</topic><topic>Metabolism</topic><topic>pH effects</topic><topic>Positron emission</topic><topic>Positron emission tomography</topic><topic>Protons</topic><topic>Pyruvates</topic><topic>Pyruvic acid</topic><topic>Radiology</topic><topic>Rats</topic><topic>Rats, Wistar</topic><topic>Research Article</topic><topic>Tumors</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Qi, Qi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fox, Matthew S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lim, Heeseung</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sullivan, Rebecca</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Alex</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bellyou, Miranda</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Desjardins, Lise</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McClennan, Andrew</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bartha, Robert</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hoffman, Lisa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Scholl, Timothy J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Ting-Yim</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thiessen, Jonathan D.</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Molecular imaging and biology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Qi, Qi</au><au>Fox, Matthew S.</au><au>Lim, Heeseung</au><au>Sullivan, Rebecca</au><au>Li, Alex</au><au>Bellyou, Miranda</au><au>Desjardins, Lise</au><au>McClennan, Andrew</au><au>Bartha, Robert</au><au>Hoffman, Lisa</au><au>Scholl, Timothy J.</au><au>Lee, Ting-Yim</au><au>Thiessen, Jonathan D.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Glucose Infusion Induced Change in Intracellular pH and Its Relationship with Tumor Glycolysis in a C6 Rat Model of Glioblastoma</atitle><jtitle>Molecular imaging and biology</jtitle><stitle>Mol Imaging Biol</stitle><addtitle>Mol Imaging Biol</addtitle><date>2023-04-01</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>25</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>271</spage><epage>282</epage><pages>271-282</pages><issn>1536-1632</issn><eissn>1860-2002</eissn><abstract>Introduction
The reliance on glycolytic metabolism is a hallmark of tumor metabolism. Excess acid and protons are produced, leading to an acidic tumor environment. Therefore, we explored the relationship between the tumor glycolytic metabolism and tissue pH by comparing
18
F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) and hyperpolarized [1-
13
C]pyruvate MR spectroscopy imaging (MRSI) to chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI measurements of tumor pH.
Methods
10
6
C6 glioma cells were implanted in the brains of male Wistar rats (
N
= 11) using stereotactic surgery. A 60-min PET acquisition after a bolus of FDG was performed at 11–13 days post implantation, and standardized uptake value (SUV) was calculated. CEST measurements were acquired the following day before and during constant infusion of glucose solution. Tumor intracellular pH (pHi) was evaluated using amine and amide concentration-independent detection (AACID) CEST MRI. The change of pH
i
(∆pH
i
) was calculated as the difference between pH
i
pre- and during glucose infusion. Rats were imaged immediately with hyperpolarized [1-
13
C]pyruvate MRSI. Regional maps of the ratio of Lac:Pyr were acquired. The correlations between SUV, Lac:Pyr ratio, and ∆pH
i
were evaluated using Pearson’s correlation.
Results
A decrease of 0.14 in pH
i
was found after glucose infusion in tumor region. Significant correlations between tumor glycolysis measurements of Lac:Pyr and ∆pH
i
within the tumor (
ρ
= 0.83,
P
= 0.01) and peritumoral region (
ρ
= 0.76,
P
= 0.028) were observed. No significant correlations were found between tumor SUV and ∆pH
i
within the tumor (
ρ
= − 0.45,
P
= 0.17) and peritumor regions (
ρ
= − 0.6,
P
= 0.051).
Conclusion
AACID detected the changes in pH
i
induced by glucose infusion. Significant correlations between tumor glycolytic measurement of Lac:Pyr and tumoral and peritumoral pH
i
and ∆pH
i
suggest the intrinsic relationship between tumor glycolytic metabolism and the tumor pH environment as well as the peritumor pH environment.</abstract><cop>Cham</cop><pub>Springer International Publishing</pub><pmid>36418769</pmid><doi>10.1007/s11307-022-01726-0</doi><tpages>12</tpages></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
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| ispartof | Molecular imaging and biology, 2023-04, Vol.25 (2), p.271-282 |
| issn | 1536-1632 1860-2002 |
| language | eng |
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| source | MEDLINE; Springer Nature - Complete Springer Journals |
| subjects | Animal models Animals Brain cancer Brain Neoplasms - pathology Brain tumors Evaluation Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 Glioblastoma Glioblastoma - pathology Glioma cells Glucose Glycolysis Hydrogen-Ion Concentration Imaging Intracellular Magnetic resonance imaging Magnetic Resonance Imaging - methods Magnetic resonance spectroscopy Male Medicine Medicine & Public Health Metabolism pH effects Positron emission Positron emission tomography Protons Pyruvates Pyruvic acid Radiology Rats Rats, Wistar Research Article Tumors |
| title | Glucose Infusion Induced Change in Intracellular pH and Its Relationship with Tumor Glycolysis in a C6 Rat Model of Glioblastoma |
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