Renal tubular acidosis and associated factors in patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome: a registry-based study

Objectives To investigate the clinical features and factors associated with primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS)–associated renal tubular acidosis (RTA). Method This case–control study was based on a multicenter pSS registry established by the Chinese Rheumatism Data Center. Patients with pSS, including...

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Veröffentlicht in:Clinical rheumatology 2023-02, Vol.42 (2), p.431-441
Hauptverfasser: Zhang, Yuying, Qiao, Lin, Zhang, Liyun, Li, Qin, Yang, Pinting, Kong, Xiaodan, Duan, Xinwang, Zhang, Miaojia, Li, Xiaomei, Wang, Yongfu, Xu, Jian, Wang, Yanhong, Hsieh, Evelyn, Zhao, Jiuliang, Xu, Dong, Li, Mengtao, Zhao, Yan, Zeng, Xiaofeng
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container_issue 2
container_start_page 431
container_title Clinical rheumatology
container_volume 42
creator Zhang, Yuying
Qiao, Lin
Zhang, Liyun
Li, Qin
Yang, Pinting
Kong, Xiaodan
Duan, Xinwang
Zhang, Miaojia
Li, Xiaomei
Wang, Yongfu
Xu, Jian
Wang, Yanhong
Hsieh, Evelyn
Zhao, Jiuliang
Xu, Dong
Li, Mengtao
Zhao, Yan
Zeng, Xiaofeng
description Objectives To investigate the clinical features and factors associated with primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS)–associated renal tubular acidosis (RTA). Method This case–control study was based on a multicenter pSS registry established by the Chinese Rheumatism Data Center. Patients with pSS, including those with RTA and those without renal involvement, between May 2016 and March 2020 were included in the analysis. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were also collected. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors that were associated with pSS-RTA. Results This study included 257 pSS patients with RTA and 4222 patients without renal involvement. Significantly younger age at disease onset (40.1 ± 14.1 vs. 46.2 ± 13.1 years, P  
doi_str_mv 10.1007/s10067-022-06426-2
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fullrecord <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_2737117243</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2737117243</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-7f84b7930b70a90a392afd1f181c2c61e2c79f78072b2d836233eb83938a03793</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9kUtuFDEURS1ElDRJNsAAWWKSiYntV_GHGYoIIEWKxGdsuVyuxq3qqsbPJdQztsFGsoHshJXgpJsgMWBiD3zutd47hDwX_JXgXJ9jPZVmXErGVSMVk0_IQjTQMGsb-5QsuNacgbDmiDxDXHHOpbHikByBAgMS7IKUj3H0Ay1zOw8-Ux9SN2FC6seOesQpJF9iR3sfypSRppFufElxLEi_p_KVbnJa-7yln1Z3t8scx18_fiLF7djlaR1fU09zXCYsectaj7UIy9xtT8hB7weMp_v7mHy5evv58j27vnn34fLNNQugLwrTvWlabYG3mnvLPVjp-070wogggxJRBm17bbiWrewMKAkQWwMWjOdQg8fkbNe7ydO3OWJx64QhDoMf4zSjkxq0EFo2UNGX_6Crac51NfeUqlu7EEpVSu6okCfEHHu3n98J7u6duJ0TV524BydO1tCLffXcrmP3GPkjoQKwA7A-jcuY__79n9rfpcGY8g</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2768915166</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Renal tubular acidosis and associated factors in patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome: a registry-based study</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings</source><creator>Zhang, Yuying ; Qiao, Lin ; Zhang, Liyun ; Li, Qin ; Yang, Pinting ; Kong, Xiaodan ; Duan, Xinwang ; Zhang, Miaojia ; Li, Xiaomei ; Wang, Yongfu ; Xu, Jian ; Wang, Yanhong ; Hsieh, Evelyn ; Zhao, Jiuliang ; Xu, Dong ; Li, Mengtao ; Zhao, Yan ; Zeng, Xiaofeng</creator><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Yuying ; Qiao, Lin ; Zhang, Liyun ; Li, Qin ; Yang, Pinting ; Kong, Xiaodan ; Duan, Xinwang ; Zhang, Miaojia ; Li, Xiaomei ; Wang, Yongfu ; Xu, Jian ; Wang, Yanhong ; Hsieh, Evelyn ; Zhao, Jiuliang ; Xu, Dong ; Li, Mengtao ; Zhao, Yan ; Zeng, Xiaofeng</creatorcontrib><description>Objectives To investigate the clinical features and factors associated with primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS)–associated renal tubular acidosis (RTA). Method This case–control study was based on a multicenter pSS registry established by the Chinese Rheumatism Data Center. Patients with pSS, including those with RTA and those without renal involvement, between May 2016 and March 2020 were included in the analysis. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were also collected. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors that were associated with pSS-RTA. Results This study included 257 pSS patients with RTA and 4222 patients without renal involvement. Significantly younger age at disease onset (40.1 ± 14.1 vs. 46.2 ± 13.1 years, P  &lt; 0.001), longer diagnosis interval (15.0 interquartile range [IQR] [1.0, 48.0] vs. 6.0 IQR [0, 34.0] months, P  &lt; 0.001), higher EULAR Sjögren’s syndrome disease activity index (9 IQR [5, 15] vs. 3 IQR [0, 8], P  &lt; 0.001), and a higher prevalence of decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (25.0% vs. 6.6%, P  &lt; 0.001) were observed in pSS patients with RTA than in those without renal involvement. Factors that were independently associated with pSS-RTA included age at disease onset ≤ 35 years (odds ratio [OR] 3.00, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.27–3.97), thyroid disorders (OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.04–2.14), subjective dry mouth (OR 3.29, 95% CI 1.71–6.35), arthritis (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.10–2.25), anti-SSB antibody positivity (OR 1.80, 95% CI 1.33–2.45), anemia (OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.26–2.21), elevated alkaline phosphatase level (OR 2.14, 95% CI 1.26–3.65), decreased albumin level (OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.00–2.60), and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.16–2.73). Conclusions Delayed diagnosis and decreased kidney function are common in pSS patients with RTA. pSS should be considered in patients with RTA, and early recognition and treatment may be useful in slowing the deterioration of renal function in patients with pSS-RTA. Key Points • pSS patients with RTA have earlier disease onset and higher disease activity than pSS patients without RTA, but the diagnosis was frequently delayed . • Decreased kidney function are common in pSS patients with RTA . • Sjögren’s syndrome should be considered in young female patients with unexplained RTA, whereas RTA should be screened in pSS patients with early disease onset and elevated ALP level .</description><identifier>ISSN: 0770-3198</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1434-9949</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s10067-022-06426-2</identifier><identifier>PMID: 36383239</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Cham: Springer International Publishing</publisher><subject>Acidosis ; Acidosis, Renal Tubular - complications ; Acidosis, Renal Tubular - diagnosis ; Acidosis, Renal Tubular - epidemiology ; Adult ; Alkaline phosphatase ; Arthritis ; Arthritis - complications ; Case-Control Studies ; Diagnosis ; Erythrocyte sedimentation rate ; Female ; Glomerular filtration rate ; Humans ; Kidneys ; Medicine ; Medicine &amp; Public Health ; Middle Aged ; Original Article ; Patients ; Renal function ; Renal tubular acidosis ; Rheumatology ; Sjogren's syndrome ; Sjogren's Syndrome - complications ; Sjogren's Syndrome - diagnosis ; Sjogren's Syndrome - epidemiology ; Xerostomia</subject><ispartof>Clinical rheumatology, 2023-02, Vol.42 (2), p.431-441</ispartof><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to International League of Associations for Rheumatology (ILAR) 2022. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.</rights><rights>2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to International League of Associations for Rheumatology (ILAR).</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-7f84b7930b70a90a392afd1f181c2c61e2c79f78072b2d836233eb83938a03793</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-7f84b7930b70a90a392afd1f181c2c61e2c79f78072b2d836233eb83938a03793</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-6413-3043</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10067-022-06426-2$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10067-022-06426-2$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>315,781,785,27925,27926,41489,42558,51320</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36383239$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Yuying</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Qiao, Lin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Liyun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Qin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yang, Pinting</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kong, Xiaodan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Duan, Xinwang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Miaojia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Xiaomei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Yongfu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xu, Jian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Yanhong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hsieh, Evelyn</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhao, Jiuliang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xu, Dong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Mengtao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhao, Yan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zeng, Xiaofeng</creatorcontrib><title>Renal tubular acidosis and associated factors in patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome: a registry-based study</title><title>Clinical rheumatology</title><addtitle>Clin Rheumatol</addtitle><addtitle>Clin Rheumatol</addtitle><description>Objectives To investigate the clinical features and factors associated with primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS)–associated renal tubular acidosis (RTA). Method This case–control study was based on a multicenter pSS registry established by the Chinese Rheumatism Data Center. Patients with pSS, including those with RTA and those without renal involvement, between May 2016 and March 2020 were included in the analysis. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were also collected. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors that were associated with pSS-RTA. Results This study included 257 pSS patients with RTA and 4222 patients without renal involvement. Significantly younger age at disease onset (40.1 ± 14.1 vs. 46.2 ± 13.1 years, P  &lt; 0.001), longer diagnosis interval (15.0 interquartile range [IQR] [1.0, 48.0] vs. 6.0 IQR [0, 34.0] months, P  &lt; 0.001), higher EULAR Sjögren’s syndrome disease activity index (9 IQR [5, 15] vs. 3 IQR [0, 8], P  &lt; 0.001), and a higher prevalence of decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (25.0% vs. 6.6%, P  &lt; 0.001) were observed in pSS patients with RTA than in those without renal involvement. Factors that were independently associated with pSS-RTA included age at disease onset ≤ 35 years (odds ratio [OR] 3.00, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.27–3.97), thyroid disorders (OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.04–2.14), subjective dry mouth (OR 3.29, 95% CI 1.71–6.35), arthritis (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.10–2.25), anti-SSB antibody positivity (OR 1.80, 95% CI 1.33–2.45), anemia (OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.26–2.21), elevated alkaline phosphatase level (OR 2.14, 95% CI 1.26–3.65), decreased albumin level (OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.00–2.60), and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.16–2.73). Conclusions Delayed diagnosis and decreased kidney function are common in pSS patients with RTA. pSS should be considered in patients with RTA, and early recognition and treatment may be useful in slowing the deterioration of renal function in patients with pSS-RTA. Key Points • pSS patients with RTA have earlier disease onset and higher disease activity than pSS patients without RTA, but the diagnosis was frequently delayed . • Decreased kidney function are common in pSS patients with RTA . • Sjögren’s syndrome should be considered in young female patients with unexplained RTA, whereas RTA should be screened in pSS patients with early disease onset and elevated ALP level .</description><subject>Acidosis</subject><subject>Acidosis, Renal Tubular - complications</subject><subject>Acidosis, Renal Tubular - diagnosis</subject><subject>Acidosis, Renal Tubular - epidemiology</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Alkaline phosphatase</subject><subject>Arthritis</subject><subject>Arthritis - complications</subject><subject>Case-Control Studies</subject><subject>Diagnosis</subject><subject>Erythrocyte sedimentation rate</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Glomerular filtration rate</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Kidneys</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine &amp; Public Health</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Original Article</subject><subject>Patients</subject><subject>Renal function</subject><subject>Renal tubular acidosis</subject><subject>Rheumatology</subject><subject>Sjogren's syndrome</subject><subject>Sjogren's Syndrome - complications</subject><subject>Sjogren's Syndrome - diagnosis</subject><subject>Sjogren's Syndrome - epidemiology</subject><subject>Xerostomia</subject><issn>0770-3198</issn><issn>1434-9949</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kUtuFDEURS1ElDRJNsAAWWKSiYntV_GHGYoIIEWKxGdsuVyuxq3qqsbPJdQztsFGsoHshJXgpJsgMWBiD3zutd47hDwX_JXgXJ9jPZVmXErGVSMVk0_IQjTQMGsb-5QsuNacgbDmiDxDXHHOpbHikByBAgMS7IKUj3H0Ay1zOw8-Ux9SN2FC6seOesQpJF9iR3sfypSRppFufElxLEi_p_KVbnJa-7yln1Z3t8scx18_fiLF7djlaR1fU09zXCYsectaj7UIy9xtT8hB7weMp_v7mHy5evv58j27vnn34fLNNQugLwrTvWlabYG3mnvLPVjp-070wogggxJRBm17bbiWrewMKAkQWwMWjOdQg8fkbNe7ydO3OWJx64QhDoMf4zSjkxq0EFo2UNGX_6Crac51NfeUqlu7EEpVSu6okCfEHHu3n98J7u6duJ0TV524BydO1tCLffXcrmP3GPkjoQKwA7A-jcuY__79n9rfpcGY8g</recordid><startdate>20230201</startdate><enddate>20230201</enddate><creator>Zhang, Yuying</creator><creator>Qiao, Lin</creator><creator>Zhang, Liyun</creator><creator>Li, Qin</creator><creator>Yang, Pinting</creator><creator>Kong, Xiaodan</creator><creator>Duan, Xinwang</creator><creator>Zhang, Miaojia</creator><creator>Li, Xiaomei</creator><creator>Wang, Yongfu</creator><creator>Xu, Jian</creator><creator>Wang, Yanhong</creator><creator>Hsieh, Evelyn</creator><creator>Zhao, Jiuliang</creator><creator>Xu, Dong</creator><creator>Li, Mengtao</creator><creator>Zhao, Yan</creator><creator>Zeng, Xiaofeng</creator><general>Springer International Publishing</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6413-3043</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20230201</creationdate><title>Renal tubular acidosis and associated factors in patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome: a registry-based study</title><author>Zhang, Yuying ; Qiao, Lin ; Zhang, Liyun ; Li, Qin ; Yang, Pinting ; Kong, Xiaodan ; Duan, Xinwang ; Zhang, Miaojia ; Li, Xiaomei ; Wang, Yongfu ; Xu, Jian ; Wang, Yanhong ; Hsieh, Evelyn ; Zhao, Jiuliang ; Xu, Dong ; Li, Mengtao ; Zhao, Yan ; Zeng, Xiaofeng</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-7f84b7930b70a90a392afd1f181c2c61e2c79f78072b2d836233eb83938a03793</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>Acidosis</topic><topic>Acidosis, Renal Tubular - complications</topic><topic>Acidosis, Renal Tubular - diagnosis</topic><topic>Acidosis, Renal Tubular - epidemiology</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Alkaline phosphatase</topic><topic>Arthritis</topic><topic>Arthritis - complications</topic><topic>Case-Control Studies</topic><topic>Diagnosis</topic><topic>Erythrocyte sedimentation rate</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Glomerular filtration rate</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Kidneys</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Medicine &amp; Public Health</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Original Article</topic><topic>Patients</topic><topic>Renal function</topic><topic>Renal tubular acidosis</topic><topic>Rheumatology</topic><topic>Sjogren's syndrome</topic><topic>Sjogren's Syndrome - complications</topic><topic>Sjogren's Syndrome - diagnosis</topic><topic>Sjogren's Syndrome - epidemiology</topic><topic>Xerostomia</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Yuying</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Qiao, Lin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Liyun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Qin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yang, Pinting</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kong, Xiaodan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Duan, Xinwang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Miaojia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Xiaomei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Yongfu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xu, Jian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Yanhong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hsieh, Evelyn</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhao, Jiuliang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xu, Dong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Mengtao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhao, Yan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zeng, Xiaofeng</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Health &amp; 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Method This case–control study was based on a multicenter pSS registry established by the Chinese Rheumatism Data Center. Patients with pSS, including those with RTA and those without renal involvement, between May 2016 and March 2020 were included in the analysis. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were also collected. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors that were associated with pSS-RTA. Results This study included 257 pSS patients with RTA and 4222 patients without renal involvement. Significantly younger age at disease onset (40.1 ± 14.1 vs. 46.2 ± 13.1 years, P  &lt; 0.001), longer diagnosis interval (15.0 interquartile range [IQR] [1.0, 48.0] vs. 6.0 IQR [0, 34.0] months, P  &lt; 0.001), higher EULAR Sjögren’s syndrome disease activity index (9 IQR [5, 15] vs. 3 IQR [0, 8], P  &lt; 0.001), and a higher prevalence of decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (25.0% vs. 6.6%, P  &lt; 0.001) were observed in pSS patients with RTA than in those without renal involvement. Factors that were independently associated with pSS-RTA included age at disease onset ≤ 35 years (odds ratio [OR] 3.00, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.27–3.97), thyroid disorders (OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.04–2.14), subjective dry mouth (OR 3.29, 95% CI 1.71–6.35), arthritis (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.10–2.25), anti-SSB antibody positivity (OR 1.80, 95% CI 1.33–2.45), anemia (OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.26–2.21), elevated alkaline phosphatase level (OR 2.14, 95% CI 1.26–3.65), decreased albumin level (OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.00–2.60), and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.16–2.73). Conclusions Delayed diagnosis and decreased kidney function are common in pSS patients with RTA. pSS should be considered in patients with RTA, and early recognition and treatment may be useful in slowing the deterioration of renal function in patients with pSS-RTA. Key Points • pSS patients with RTA have earlier disease onset and higher disease activity than pSS patients without RTA, but the diagnosis was frequently delayed . • Decreased kidney function are common in pSS patients with RTA . • Sjögren’s syndrome should be considered in young female patients with unexplained RTA, whereas RTA should be screened in pSS patients with early disease onset and elevated ALP level .</abstract><cop>Cham</cop><pub>Springer International Publishing</pub><pmid>36383239</pmid><doi>10.1007/s10067-022-06426-2</doi><tpages>11</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6413-3043</orcidid></addata></record>
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subjects Acidosis
Acidosis, Renal Tubular - complications
Acidosis, Renal Tubular - diagnosis
Acidosis, Renal Tubular - epidemiology
Adult
Alkaline phosphatase
Arthritis
Arthritis - complications
Case-Control Studies
Diagnosis
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
Female
Glomerular filtration rate
Humans
Kidneys
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Middle Aged
Original Article
Patients
Renal function
Renal tubular acidosis
Rheumatology
Sjogren's syndrome
Sjogren's Syndrome - complications
Sjogren's Syndrome - diagnosis
Sjogren's Syndrome - epidemiology
Xerostomia
title Renal tubular acidosis and associated factors in patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome: a registry-based study
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