Dietary Administration of Engineered Nano-selenium and Vitamin C Ameliorates Immune Response, Nutritional Physiology, Oxidative Stress, and Resistance Against Aeromonas hydrophila in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Functional trace elements and vitamins can boost immunity and anti-oxidative response in aquatic animals with effects on nutritional physiology. Nano-selenium (nano-Se) and vitamin C (VC) have been used as immunomodulators and antioxidants in fish feed. The present work was performed to determine th...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Biological trace element research 2023-08, Vol.201 (8), p.4079-4092 |
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| creator | Rathore, Sanjay Singh Hanumappa, Shivananda Murthy Yusufzai, Sajidkhan Ibrahimkhan Suyani, Nitin Kanji Abdullah-Al-Mamun, Muhammad Nasren, Shamima Sidiq, Mohammad Junaid Hanumanthappa, Srinivasa Kamsagara Kalyani, Rakesh |
| description | Functional trace elements and vitamins can boost immunity and anti-oxidative response in aquatic animals with effects on nutritional physiology. Nano-selenium (nano-Se) and vitamin C (VC) have been used as immunomodulators and antioxidants in fish feed. The present work was performed to determine the protective effects of diets supplemented with different combinations of nano-Se and VC on Nile tilapia (
Oreochromis niloticus
). Triplicate groups of 20 fish/tank (13.87 ± 0.10 g) were reared and fed with basal diet (control-T1) (without supplementation of nano-Se and VC) and three experimental diets as T2, T3, and T4 (100, 200, and 300 mg/kg VC respectively) with a pre-determined dose of nano-Se (1.0 mg/kg) for 90 days. Different immune indices, haemato-biochemical, and antioxidant activities were measured at the end of the first, second, and third months of feeding. The findings depicted that significantly (
p
|
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s12011-022-03473-3 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_2736303189</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2736303189</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-71ad22c75e2385db9ea6e3ed0ec0f5d4374a77a58b46c5e05232aad5fae7ca0e3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9kU9v00AQxS0EoqHwBTigkbgUKYb9Y3udYxQKVKoSBIWrtfFOkq3s3bBjI_JZ-TJMmgISB06r0f7em9F7WfZcitdSCPOGpBJS5kKpXOjC6Fw_yCayLGe5MEo8zCZCVjovZnVxlj0huhVCGjXTj7MzXWlT6KqYZD_fehxsOsDc9T54GpIdfAwQN3AZtj4gJnSwtCHmhB0GP_Zgg4OvfrAsgAXMe-x8ZBkSXPX9GBA-Ie1jIJzCchySPxraDj7uDuRjF7eHKax-eMeLviN8HhISTe9MWccX2NAizLfWBxpgjin2LCfYHVyK-53vLPDepe8QbnjYewsXq4Sx3THpCYLv4uDbkV49zR5tbEf47P49z768u7xZfMivV--vFvPrvNWmHHIjrVOqNSUqXZduPUNboUYnsBWb0hUclTXGlvW6qNoSRam0staVG4umtQL1eXZx8t2n-G1EGhq-o8WuswHjSI0ynLfQsp4x-vIf9DaOidNhqj5ytdGSKXWi2hSJEm6affI9t9RI0Ryrb07VN1x9c1d9o1n04t56XPfo_kh-d82APgHEX2GL6e_u_9j-ArgKvrc</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2827368731</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Dietary Administration of Engineered Nano-selenium and Vitamin C Ameliorates Immune Response, Nutritional Physiology, Oxidative Stress, and Resistance Against Aeromonas hydrophila in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)</title><source>SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings</source><creator>Rathore, Sanjay Singh ; Hanumappa, Shivananda Murthy ; Yusufzai, Sajidkhan Ibrahimkhan ; Suyani, Nitin Kanji ; Abdullah-Al-Mamun, Muhammad ; Nasren, Shamima ; Sidiq, Mohammad Junaid ; Hanumanthappa, Srinivasa Kamsagara ; Kalyani, Rakesh</creator><creatorcontrib>Rathore, Sanjay Singh ; Hanumappa, Shivananda Murthy ; Yusufzai, Sajidkhan Ibrahimkhan ; Suyani, Nitin Kanji ; Abdullah-Al-Mamun, Muhammad ; Nasren, Shamima ; Sidiq, Mohammad Junaid ; Hanumanthappa, Srinivasa Kamsagara ; Kalyani, Rakesh</creatorcontrib><description>Functional trace elements and vitamins can boost immunity and anti-oxidative response in aquatic animals with effects on nutritional physiology. Nano-selenium (nano-Se) and vitamin C (VC) have been used as immunomodulators and antioxidants in fish feed. The present work was performed to determine the protective effects of diets supplemented with different combinations of nano-Se and VC on Nile tilapia (
Oreochromis niloticus
). Triplicate groups of 20 fish/tank (13.87 ± 0.10 g) were reared and fed with basal diet (control-T1) (without supplementation of nano-Se and VC) and three experimental diets as T2, T3, and T4 (100, 200, and 300 mg/kg VC respectively) with a pre-determined dose of nano-Se (1.0 mg/kg) for 90 days. Different immune indices, haemato-biochemical, and antioxidant activities were measured at the end of the first, second, and third months of feeding. The findings depicted that significantly (
p
< 0.05) higher growth was observed in T4. Red blood cells, white blood cells, and haemoglobin were found significantly (
p
< 0.05) higher in T4 for the third month. Serum biochemical-immunological indices (alkaline phosphatase, glucose, cholesterol, lysozyme, myeloperoxidase, total protein, albumin and globulin) followed the same trend. Furthermore, antioxidant assays such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, and malondialdehyde were significantly (
p
< 0.05) improved in T4 for the third month. Significantly (
p
< 0.05) least cumulative mortality against
Aeromonas hydrophila
was obtained in the fish-fed diets incorporated with nano-Se and VC. Therefore, dietary supplementation with nano-Se and VC is noteworthy for improving growth, serum biochemical status, immune response, antioxidant status, and disease resistance.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0163-4984</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1559-0720</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03473-3</identifier><identifier>PMID: 36374364</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York: Springer US</publisher><subject>Aeromonas hydrophila ; Albumins ; Alkaline phosphatase ; Antioxidants ; Aquatic animals ; Ascorbic acid ; Biochemistry ; Biomedical and Life Sciences ; Biotechnology ; Blood cells ; Catalase ; Cholesterol ; Defence mechanisms ; Diet ; Disease resistance ; Erythrocytes ; Feed additives ; Fish ; Fish feeds ; Globulins ; Glutathione ; Glutathione peroxidase ; Glutathione transferase ; Haemoglobin ; Hemoglobin ; Immune response ; Immune system ; Immunity ; Immunology ; Immunomodulation ; Immunomodulators ; Leukocytes ; Life Sciences ; Lysozyme ; Marine fishes ; Nutrient deficiency ; Nutrition ; Oncology ; Oreochromis niloticus ; Oxidation resistance ; Oxidative stress ; Peroxidase ; Phosphatase ; Physiology ; Selenium ; Serum ; Superoxide dismutase ; Tilapia ; Trace elements ; Trace elements (nutrients) ; Vitamin C ; Vitamins ; Whitefish</subject><ispartof>Biological trace element research, 2023-08, Vol.201 (8), p.4079-4092</ispartof><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2022. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.</rights><rights>2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-71ad22c75e2385db9ea6e3ed0ec0f5d4374a77a58b46c5e05232aad5fae7ca0e3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-71ad22c75e2385db9ea6e3ed0ec0f5d4374a77a58b46c5e05232aad5fae7ca0e3</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-5199-906X</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12011-022-03473-3$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12011-022-03473-3$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27923,27924,41487,42556,51318</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36374364$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Rathore, Sanjay Singh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hanumappa, Shivananda Murthy</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yusufzai, Sajidkhan Ibrahimkhan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Suyani, Nitin Kanji</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Abdullah-Al-Mamun, Muhammad</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nasren, Shamima</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sidiq, Mohammad Junaid</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hanumanthappa, Srinivasa Kamsagara</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kalyani, Rakesh</creatorcontrib><title>Dietary Administration of Engineered Nano-selenium and Vitamin C Ameliorates Immune Response, Nutritional Physiology, Oxidative Stress, and Resistance Against Aeromonas hydrophila in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)</title><title>Biological trace element research</title><addtitle>Biol Trace Elem Res</addtitle><addtitle>Biol Trace Elem Res</addtitle><description>Functional trace elements and vitamins can boost immunity and anti-oxidative response in aquatic animals with effects on nutritional physiology. Nano-selenium (nano-Se) and vitamin C (VC) have been used as immunomodulators and antioxidants in fish feed. The present work was performed to determine the protective effects of diets supplemented with different combinations of nano-Se and VC on Nile tilapia (
Oreochromis niloticus
). Triplicate groups of 20 fish/tank (13.87 ± 0.10 g) were reared and fed with basal diet (control-T1) (without supplementation of nano-Se and VC) and three experimental diets as T2, T3, and T4 (100, 200, and 300 mg/kg VC respectively) with a pre-determined dose of nano-Se (1.0 mg/kg) for 90 days. Different immune indices, haemato-biochemical, and antioxidant activities were measured at the end of the first, second, and third months of feeding. The findings depicted that significantly (
p
< 0.05) higher growth was observed in T4. Red blood cells, white blood cells, and haemoglobin were found significantly (
p
< 0.05) higher in T4 for the third month. Serum biochemical-immunological indices (alkaline phosphatase, glucose, cholesterol, lysozyme, myeloperoxidase, total protein, albumin and globulin) followed the same trend. Furthermore, antioxidant assays such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, and malondialdehyde were significantly (
p
< 0.05) improved in T4 for the third month. Significantly (
p
< 0.05) least cumulative mortality against
Aeromonas hydrophila
was obtained in the fish-fed diets incorporated with nano-Se and VC. Therefore, dietary supplementation with nano-Se and VC is noteworthy for improving growth, serum biochemical status, immune response, antioxidant status, and disease resistance.</description><subject>Aeromonas hydrophila</subject><subject>Albumins</subject><subject>Alkaline phosphatase</subject><subject>Antioxidants</subject><subject>Aquatic animals</subject><subject>Ascorbic acid</subject><subject>Biochemistry</subject><subject>Biomedical and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Biotechnology</subject><subject>Blood cells</subject><subject>Catalase</subject><subject>Cholesterol</subject><subject>Defence mechanisms</subject><subject>Diet</subject><subject>Disease resistance</subject><subject>Erythrocytes</subject><subject>Feed additives</subject><subject>Fish</subject><subject>Fish feeds</subject><subject>Globulins</subject><subject>Glutathione</subject><subject>Glutathione peroxidase</subject><subject>Glutathione transferase</subject><subject>Haemoglobin</subject><subject>Hemoglobin</subject><subject>Immune response</subject><subject>Immune system</subject><subject>Immunity</subject><subject>Immunology</subject><subject>Immunomodulation</subject><subject>Immunomodulators</subject><subject>Leukocytes</subject><subject>Life Sciences</subject><subject>Lysozyme</subject><subject>Marine fishes</subject><subject>Nutrient deficiency</subject><subject>Nutrition</subject><subject>Oncology</subject><subject>Oreochromis niloticus</subject><subject>Oxidation resistance</subject><subject>Oxidative stress</subject><subject>Peroxidase</subject><subject>Phosphatase</subject><subject>Physiology</subject><subject>Selenium</subject><subject>Serum</subject><subject>Superoxide dismutase</subject><subject>Tilapia</subject><subject>Trace elements</subject><subject>Trace elements (nutrients)</subject><subject>Vitamin C</subject><subject>Vitamins</subject><subject>Whitefish</subject><issn>0163-4984</issn><issn>1559-0720</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kU9v00AQxS0EoqHwBTigkbgUKYb9Y3udYxQKVKoSBIWrtfFOkq3s3bBjI_JZ-TJMmgISB06r0f7em9F7WfZcitdSCPOGpBJS5kKpXOjC6Fw_yCayLGe5MEo8zCZCVjovZnVxlj0huhVCGjXTj7MzXWlT6KqYZD_fehxsOsDc9T54GpIdfAwQN3AZtj4gJnSwtCHmhB0GP_Zgg4OvfrAsgAXMe-x8ZBkSXPX9GBA-Ie1jIJzCchySPxraDj7uDuRjF7eHKax-eMeLviN8HhISTe9MWccX2NAizLfWBxpgjin2LCfYHVyK-53vLPDepe8QbnjYewsXq4Sx3THpCYLv4uDbkV49zR5tbEf47P49z768u7xZfMivV--vFvPrvNWmHHIjrVOqNSUqXZduPUNboUYnsBWb0hUclTXGlvW6qNoSRam0staVG4umtQL1eXZx8t2n-G1EGhq-o8WuswHjSI0ynLfQsp4x-vIf9DaOidNhqj5ytdGSKXWi2hSJEm6affI9t9RI0Ryrb07VN1x9c1d9o1n04t56XPfo_kh-d82APgHEX2GL6e_u_9j-ArgKvrc</recordid><startdate>20230801</startdate><enddate>20230801</enddate><creator>Rathore, 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Administration of Engineered Nano-selenium and Vitamin C Ameliorates Immune Response, Nutritional Physiology, Oxidative Stress, and Resistance Against Aeromonas hydrophila in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)</title><author>Rathore, Sanjay Singh ; Hanumappa, Shivananda Murthy ; Yusufzai, Sajidkhan Ibrahimkhan ; Suyani, Nitin Kanji ; Abdullah-Al-Mamun, Muhammad ; Nasren, Shamima ; Sidiq, Mohammad Junaid ; Hanumanthappa, Srinivasa Kamsagara ; Kalyani, Rakesh</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-71ad22c75e2385db9ea6e3ed0ec0f5d4374a77a58b46c5e05232aad5fae7ca0e3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>Aeromonas hydrophila</topic><topic>Albumins</topic><topic>Alkaline phosphatase</topic><topic>Antioxidants</topic><topic>Aquatic animals</topic><topic>Ascorbic acid</topic><topic>Biochemistry</topic><topic>Biomedical and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Biotechnology</topic><topic>Blood cells</topic><topic>Catalase</topic><topic>Cholesterol</topic><topic>Defence mechanisms</topic><topic>Diet</topic><topic>Disease resistance</topic><topic>Erythrocytes</topic><topic>Feed additives</topic><topic>Fish</topic><topic>Fish feeds</topic><topic>Globulins</topic><topic>Glutathione</topic><topic>Glutathione peroxidase</topic><topic>Glutathione transferase</topic><topic>Haemoglobin</topic><topic>Hemoglobin</topic><topic>Immune response</topic><topic>Immune system</topic><topic>Immunity</topic><topic>Immunology</topic><topic>Immunomodulation</topic><topic>Immunomodulators</topic><topic>Leukocytes</topic><topic>Life Sciences</topic><topic>Lysozyme</topic><topic>Marine fishes</topic><topic>Nutrient deficiency</topic><topic>Nutrition</topic><topic>Oncology</topic><topic>Oreochromis niloticus</topic><topic>Oxidation resistance</topic><topic>Oxidative stress</topic><topic>Peroxidase</topic><topic>Phosphatase</topic><topic>Physiology</topic><topic>Selenium</topic><topic>Serum</topic><topic>Superoxide dismutase</topic><topic>Tilapia</topic><topic>Trace elements</topic><topic>Trace elements (nutrients)</topic><topic>Vitamin C</topic><topic>Vitamins</topic><topic>Whitefish</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Rathore, Sanjay Singh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hanumappa, Shivananda Murthy</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yusufzai, Sajidkhan Ibrahimkhan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Suyani, Nitin Kanji</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Abdullah-Al-Mamun, Muhammad</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nasren, Shamima</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sidiq, Mohammad Junaid</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hanumanthappa, Srinivasa Kamsagara</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kalyani, Rakesh</creatorcontrib><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest 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Kanji</au><au>Abdullah-Al-Mamun, Muhammad</au><au>Nasren, Shamima</au><au>Sidiq, Mohammad Junaid</au><au>Hanumanthappa, Srinivasa Kamsagara</au><au>Kalyani, Rakesh</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Dietary Administration of Engineered Nano-selenium and Vitamin C Ameliorates Immune Response, Nutritional Physiology, Oxidative Stress, and Resistance Against Aeromonas hydrophila in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)</atitle><jtitle>Biological trace element research</jtitle><stitle>Biol Trace Elem Res</stitle><addtitle>Biol Trace Elem Res</addtitle><date>2023-08-01</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>201</volume><issue>8</issue><spage>4079</spage><epage>4092</epage><pages>4079-4092</pages><issn>0163-4984</issn><eissn>1559-0720</eissn><abstract>Functional trace elements and vitamins can boost immunity and anti-oxidative response in aquatic animals with effects on nutritional physiology. Nano-selenium (nano-Se) and vitamin C (VC) have been used as immunomodulators and antioxidants in fish feed. The present work was performed to determine the protective effects of diets supplemented with different combinations of nano-Se and VC on Nile tilapia (
Oreochromis niloticus
). Triplicate groups of 20 fish/tank (13.87 ± 0.10 g) were reared and fed with basal diet (control-T1) (without supplementation of nano-Se and VC) and three experimental diets as T2, T3, and T4 (100, 200, and 300 mg/kg VC respectively) with a pre-determined dose of nano-Se (1.0 mg/kg) for 90 days. Different immune indices, haemato-biochemical, and antioxidant activities were measured at the end of the first, second, and third months of feeding. The findings depicted that significantly (
p
< 0.05) higher growth was observed in T4. Red blood cells, white blood cells, and haemoglobin were found significantly (
p
< 0.05) higher in T4 for the third month. Serum biochemical-immunological indices (alkaline phosphatase, glucose, cholesterol, lysozyme, myeloperoxidase, total protein, albumin and globulin) followed the same trend. Furthermore, antioxidant assays such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, and malondialdehyde were significantly (
p
< 0.05) improved in T4 for the third month. Significantly (
p
< 0.05) least cumulative mortality against
Aeromonas hydrophila
was obtained in the fish-fed diets incorporated with nano-Se and VC. Therefore, dietary supplementation with nano-Se and VC is noteworthy for improving growth, serum biochemical status, immune response, antioxidant status, and disease resistance.</abstract><cop>New York</cop><pub>Springer US</pub><pmid>36374364</pmid><doi>10.1007/s12011-022-03473-3</doi><tpages>14</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5199-906X</orcidid></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0163-4984 |
| ispartof | Biological trace element research, 2023-08, Vol.201 (8), p.4079-4092 |
| issn | 0163-4984 1559-0720 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_2736303189 |
| source | SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings |
| subjects | Aeromonas hydrophila Albumins Alkaline phosphatase Antioxidants Aquatic animals Ascorbic acid Biochemistry Biomedical and Life Sciences Biotechnology Blood cells Catalase Cholesterol Defence mechanisms Diet Disease resistance Erythrocytes Feed additives Fish Fish feeds Globulins Glutathione Glutathione peroxidase Glutathione transferase Haemoglobin Hemoglobin Immune response Immune system Immunity Immunology Immunomodulation Immunomodulators Leukocytes Life Sciences Lysozyme Marine fishes Nutrient deficiency Nutrition Oncology Oreochromis niloticus Oxidation resistance Oxidative stress Peroxidase Phosphatase Physiology Selenium Serum Superoxide dismutase Tilapia Trace elements Trace elements (nutrients) Vitamin C Vitamins Whitefish |
| title | Dietary Administration of Engineered Nano-selenium and Vitamin C Ameliorates Immune Response, Nutritional Physiology, Oxidative Stress, and Resistance Against Aeromonas hydrophila in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-08T12%3A36%3A46IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_cross&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Dietary%20Administration%20of%20Engineered%20Nano-selenium%20and%20Vitamin%20C%20Ameliorates%20Immune%20Response,%20Nutritional%20Physiology,%20Oxidative%20Stress,%20and%20Resistance%20Against%20Aeromonas%20hydrophila%20in%20Nile%20Tilapia%20(Oreochromis%20niloticus)&rft.jtitle=Biological%20trace%20element%20research&rft.au=Rathore,%20Sanjay%20Singh&rft.date=2023-08-01&rft.volume=201&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=4079&rft.epage=4092&rft.pages=4079-4092&rft.issn=0163-4984&rft.eissn=1559-0720&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007/s12011-022-03473-3&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_cross%3E2736303189%3C/proquest_cross%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2827368731&rft_id=info:pmid/36374364&rfr_iscdi=true |