Sex roles and sex ratios in animals
ABSTRACT In species with separate sexes, females and males often differ in their morphology, physiology and behaviour. Such sex‐specific traits are functionally linked to variation in reproductive competition, mate choice and parental care, which have all been linked to sex roles. At the 150th anniv...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 2023-04, Vol.98 (2), p.462-480 |
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| creator | Kappeler, Peter M. Benhaiem, Sarah Fichtel, Claudia Fromhage, Lutz Höner, Oliver P. Jennions, Michael D. Kaiser, Sylvia Krüger, Oliver Schneider, Jutta M. Tuni, Cristina Schaik, Jaap Goymann, Wolfgang |
| description | ABSTRACT
In species with separate sexes, females and males often differ in their morphology, physiology and behaviour. Such sex‐specific traits are functionally linked to variation in reproductive competition, mate choice and parental care, which have all been linked to sex roles. At the 150th anniversary of Darwin's theory on sexual selection, the question of why patterns of sex roles vary within and across species remains a key topic in behavioural and evolutionary ecology. New theoretical, experimental and comparative evidence suggests that variation in the adult sex ratio (ASR) is a key driver of variation in sex roles. Here, we first define and discuss the historical emergence of the sex role concept, including recent criticisms and rebuttals. Second, we review the various sex ratios with a focus on ASR, and explore its theoretical links to sex roles. Third, we explore the causes, and especially the consequences, of biased ASRs, focusing on the results of correlational and experimental studies of the effect of ASR variation on mate choice, sexual conflict, parental care and mating systems, social behaviour, hormone physiology and fitness. We present evidence that animals in diverse societies are sensitive to variation in local ASR, even on short timescales, and propose explanations for conflicting results. We conclude with an overview of open questions in this field integrating demography, life history and behaviour. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/brv.12915 |
| format | Article |
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In species with separate sexes, females and males often differ in their morphology, physiology and behaviour. Such sex‐specific traits are functionally linked to variation in reproductive competition, mate choice and parental care, which have all been linked to sex roles. At the 150th anniversary of Darwin's theory on sexual selection, the question of why patterns of sex roles vary within and across species remains a key topic in behavioural and evolutionary ecology. New theoretical, experimental and comparative evidence suggests that variation in the adult sex ratio (ASR) is a key driver of variation in sex roles. Here, we first define and discuss the historical emergence of the sex role concept, including recent criticisms and rebuttals. Second, we review the various sex ratios with a focus on ASR, and explore its theoretical links to sex roles. Third, we explore the causes, and especially the consequences, of biased ASRs, focusing on the results of correlational and experimental studies of the effect of ASR variation on mate choice, sexual conflict, parental care and mating systems, social behaviour, hormone physiology and fitness. We present evidence that animals in diverse societies are sensitive to variation in local ASR, even on short timescales, and propose explanations for conflicting results. We conclude with an overview of open questions in this field integrating demography, life history and behaviour.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1464-7931</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1469-185X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/brv.12915</identifier><identifier>PMID: 36307924</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Demography ; Ecology ; Evolution ; Female ; Gender Role ; Life history ; Male ; mate choice ; Mate selection ; Mating behavior ; Parental behavior ; parental care ; Physiology ; Questions ; Reproduction ; Sex ; Sex Characteristics ; Sex Ratio ; sex ratios ; Sex role ; Sex roles ; Sexual behavior ; Sexual Behavior, Animal - physiology ; Sexual selection ; Social behavior ; Variation</subject><ispartof>Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, 2023-04, Vol.98 (2), p.462-480</ispartof><rights>2022 The Authors. published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Cambridge Philosophical Society.</rights><rights>2022 The Authors. Biological Reviews published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Cambridge Philosophical Society.</rights><rights>2022. This article is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3885-aa3d0d584399a034c6e24abfa1ce6a26b57a49f20f645d82a7fe4ad48ba71eae3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3885-aa3d0d584399a034c6e24abfa1ce6a26b57a49f20f645d82a7fe4ad48ba71eae3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-4801-487X ; 0000-0001-5560-6673 ; 0000-0001-9221-2788</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111%2Fbrv.12915$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111%2Fbrv.12915$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,1411,27901,27902,45550,45551</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36307924$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Kappeler, Peter M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Benhaiem, Sarah</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fichtel, Claudia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fromhage, Lutz</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Höner, Oliver P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jennions, Michael D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kaiser, Sylvia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Krüger, Oliver</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schneider, Jutta M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tuni, Cristina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schaik, Jaap</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Goymann, Wolfgang</creatorcontrib><title>Sex roles and sex ratios in animals</title><title>Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society</title><addtitle>Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc</addtitle><description>ABSTRACT
In species with separate sexes, females and males often differ in their morphology, physiology and behaviour. Such sex‐specific traits are functionally linked to variation in reproductive competition, mate choice and parental care, which have all been linked to sex roles. At the 150th anniversary of Darwin's theory on sexual selection, the question of why patterns of sex roles vary within and across species remains a key topic in behavioural and evolutionary ecology. New theoretical, experimental and comparative evidence suggests that variation in the adult sex ratio (ASR) is a key driver of variation in sex roles. Here, we first define and discuss the historical emergence of the sex role concept, including recent criticisms and rebuttals. Second, we review the various sex ratios with a focus on ASR, and explore its theoretical links to sex roles. Third, we explore the causes, and especially the consequences, of biased ASRs, focusing on the results of correlational and experimental studies of the effect of ASR variation on mate choice, sexual conflict, parental care and mating systems, social behaviour, hormone physiology and fitness. We present evidence that animals in diverse societies are sensitive to variation in local ASR, even on short timescales, and propose explanations for conflicting results. We conclude with an overview of open questions in this field integrating demography, life history and behaviour.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Biological Evolution</subject><subject>Demography</subject><subject>Ecology</subject><subject>Evolution</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Gender Role</subject><subject>Life history</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>mate choice</subject><subject>Mate selection</subject><subject>Mating behavior</subject><subject>Parental behavior</subject><subject>parental care</subject><subject>Physiology</subject><subject>Questions</subject><subject>Reproduction</subject><subject>Sex</subject><subject>Sex Characteristics</subject><subject>Sex Ratio</subject><subject>sex ratios</subject><subject>Sex role</subject><subject>Sex roles</subject><subject>Sexual behavior</subject><subject>Sexual Behavior, Animal - physiology</subject><subject>Sexual selection</subject><subject>Social behavior</subject><subject>Variation</subject><issn>1464-7931</issn><issn>1469-185X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>24P</sourceid><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kE1Lw0AQhhdRbK0e_AMS6EUPafd7N0ctfkFB8AtvyyTZQEqa1N1G7b9301QPgnN5Z4aHl5kXoVOCJyTUNHUfE0ITIvbQkHCZxESLt_1tz2OVMDJAR94vMA4LyQ7RgEmGVUL5EI2f7Ffkmsr6COo88t0E67LxUVmHTbmEyh-jgyKIPdnpCL3cXD_P7uL5w-397HIeZ0xrEQOwHOdCc5YkgBnPpKUc0gJIZiVQmQoFPCkoLiQXuaagCssh5zoFRSxYNkLnve_KNe-t9WuzLH1mqwpq27TeUMUwo1gpGdDxH3TRtK4O1wVKC4qZFh110VOZa7x3tjArFz5yG0Ow6ZIzITmzTS6wZzvHNl3a_Jf8iSoA0x74LCu7-d_JXD2-9pbfjF11jQ</recordid><startdate>202304</startdate><enddate>202304</enddate><creator>Kappeler, Peter M.</creator><creator>Benhaiem, Sarah</creator><creator>Fichtel, Claudia</creator><creator>Fromhage, Lutz</creator><creator>Höner, Oliver P.</creator><creator>Jennions, Michael D.</creator><creator>Kaiser, Sylvia</creator><creator>Krüger, Oliver</creator><creator>Schneider, Jutta M.</creator><creator>Tuni, Cristina</creator><creator>Schaik, Jaap</creator><creator>Goymann, Wolfgang</creator><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><scope>24P</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4801-487X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5560-6673</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9221-2788</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>202304</creationdate><title>Sex roles and sex ratios in animals</title><author>Kappeler, Peter M. ; Benhaiem, Sarah ; Fichtel, Claudia ; Fromhage, Lutz ; Höner, Oliver P. ; Jennions, Michael D. ; Kaiser, Sylvia ; Krüger, Oliver ; Schneider, Jutta M. ; Tuni, Cristina ; Schaik, Jaap ; Goymann, Wolfgang</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c3885-aa3d0d584399a034c6e24abfa1ce6a26b57a49f20f645d82a7fe4ad48ba71eae3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Biological Evolution</topic><topic>Demography</topic><topic>Ecology</topic><topic>Evolution</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Gender Role</topic><topic>Life history</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>mate choice</topic><topic>Mate selection</topic><topic>Mating behavior</topic><topic>Parental behavior</topic><topic>parental care</topic><topic>Physiology</topic><topic>Questions</topic><topic>Reproduction</topic><topic>Sex</topic><topic>Sex Characteristics</topic><topic>Sex Ratio</topic><topic>sex ratios</topic><topic>Sex role</topic><topic>Sex roles</topic><topic>Sexual behavior</topic><topic>Sexual Behavior, Animal - physiology</topic><topic>Sexual selection</topic><topic>Social behavior</topic><topic>Variation</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Kappeler, Peter M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Benhaiem, Sarah</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fichtel, Claudia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fromhage, Lutz</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Höner, Oliver P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jennions, Michael D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kaiser, Sylvia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Krüger, Oliver</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schneider, Jutta M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tuni, Cristina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schaik, Jaap</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Goymann, Wolfgang</creatorcontrib><collection>Wiley Online Library Open Access</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Kappeler, Peter M.</au><au>Benhaiem, Sarah</au><au>Fichtel, Claudia</au><au>Fromhage, Lutz</au><au>Höner, Oliver P.</au><au>Jennions, Michael D.</au><au>Kaiser, Sylvia</au><au>Krüger, Oliver</au><au>Schneider, Jutta M.</au><au>Tuni, Cristina</au><au>Schaik, Jaap</au><au>Goymann, Wolfgang</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Sex roles and sex ratios in animals</atitle><jtitle>Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society</jtitle><addtitle>Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc</addtitle><date>2023-04</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>98</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>462</spage><epage>480</epage><pages>462-480</pages><issn>1464-7931</issn><eissn>1469-185X</eissn><abstract>ABSTRACT
In species with separate sexes, females and males often differ in their morphology, physiology and behaviour. Such sex‐specific traits are functionally linked to variation in reproductive competition, mate choice and parental care, which have all been linked to sex roles. At the 150th anniversary of Darwin's theory on sexual selection, the question of why patterns of sex roles vary within and across species remains a key topic in behavioural and evolutionary ecology. New theoretical, experimental and comparative evidence suggests that variation in the adult sex ratio (ASR) is a key driver of variation in sex roles. Here, we first define and discuss the historical emergence of the sex role concept, including recent criticisms and rebuttals. Second, we review the various sex ratios with a focus on ASR, and explore its theoretical links to sex roles. Third, we explore the causes, and especially the consequences, of biased ASRs, focusing on the results of correlational and experimental studies of the effect of ASR variation on mate choice, sexual conflict, parental care and mating systems, social behaviour, hormone physiology and fitness. We present evidence that animals in diverse societies are sensitive to variation in local ASR, even on short timescales, and propose explanations for conflicting results. We conclude with an overview of open questions in this field integrating demography, life history and behaviour.</abstract><cop>Oxford, UK</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><pmid>36307924</pmid><doi>10.1111/brv.12915</doi><tpages>19</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4801-487X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5560-6673</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9221-2788</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Animals Biological Evolution Demography Ecology Evolution Female Gender Role Life history Male mate choice Mate selection Mating behavior Parental behavior parental care Physiology Questions Reproduction Sex Sex Characteristics Sex Ratio sex ratios Sex role Sex roles Sexual behavior Sexual Behavior, Animal - physiology Sexual selection Social behavior Variation |
| title | Sex roles and sex ratios in animals |
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