Adaptation and factor structure of three psychometric instruments measuring behavioral aspects of medication prescribing in physician assistants
(1) Present the factor structure of two psychometric instruments for self-efficacy and one for outcome expectations of medication prescribing; (2) evaluate the reliability of the scales, and (3) present preliminary evidence of validity. Physician assistants (PA) and PA students completed a survey ev...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Research in social and administrative pharmacy 2023-01, Vol.19 (1), p.69-74 |
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| creator | Gillette, Chris Ip, Edward H. Perry, Courtney J. Ferreri, Stefanie P. Bell Sisson, Caroline Grey Bodner, Gayle B. Rogers, Samantha D. Manges, Kirstin Jones, Caitlin E. Rose, Tiffany H. Lindaman, Kristin Ludwig, Nicole Crandall, Sonia |
| description | (1) Present the factor structure of two psychometric instruments for self-efficacy and one for outcome expectations of medication prescribing; (2) evaluate the reliability of the scales, and (3) present preliminary evidence of validity.
Physician assistants (PA) and PA students completed a survey evaluating three psychometric instruments: (1) Self-Efficacy in Prescribing (SEP), (2) Self-Efficacy in Prescribing-Geriatric (SEPG), and (3) Outcomes Expectations of Prescribing Errors (OEP). Students also evaluated 3 hypothetical prescriptions, two of which contained a prescribing error. Students were instructed to identify (1) if an error occurred and (2) what type of error. The data were analyzed using parallel analysis with a varimax rotation, Cronbach's α, Pearson and Spearman correlations.
One hundred eighty five (n = 185) respondents completed the survey (response rate = 63.8%). The parallel analysis found that the SEP had one 7-item factor with α = 0.94 (M = 5.7 (SD = 1.9) out of 10). The SEPG also had one 7-item factor with α = 0.95 (M = 5.5 (1.9). The OEP had one 6-item factor with α = 0.89 (M = 3.5 (SD = 0.8) out of 5). The SEP and SEPG, were correlated to the OEP each other (both p |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.sapharm.2022.09.006 |
| format | Article |
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Physician assistants (PA) and PA students completed a survey evaluating three psychometric instruments: (1) Self-Efficacy in Prescribing (SEP), (2) Self-Efficacy in Prescribing-Geriatric (SEPG), and (3) Outcomes Expectations of Prescribing Errors (OEP). Students also evaluated 3 hypothetical prescriptions, two of which contained a prescribing error. Students were instructed to identify (1) if an error occurred and (2) what type of error. The data were analyzed using parallel analysis with a varimax rotation, Cronbach's α, Pearson and Spearman correlations.
One hundred eighty five (n = 185) respondents completed the survey (response rate = 63.8%). The parallel analysis found that the SEP had one 7-item factor with α = 0.94 (M = 5.7 (SD = 1.9) out of 10). The SEPG also had one 7-item factor with α = 0.95 (M = 5.5 (1.9). The OEP had one 6-item factor with α = 0.89 (M = 3.5 (SD = 0.8) out of 5). The SEP and SEPG, were correlated to the OEP each other (both p < 0.01). Actively practicing PAs had the highest composite mean SEP and SEPG scores. First-year PA students had the highest mean scores for the OEP. There was a weak association between the mean SEPG score and the number of correctly identified prescriptions (rs = 0.18, p = 0.04).
The SEP, SEPG, and OEP show preliminary evidence of reliability and structural, construct, and known-group validities using simulated prescriptions. These tools may be able to be used by educators and implementation scientists as one method to show the effectiveness of future interventions to reduce incidence of prescribing errors.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1551-7411</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1934-8150</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2022.09.006</identifier><identifier>PMID: 36153236</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Elsevier Inc</publisher><subject>Aged ; Drug Prescriptions ; Humans ; Medication errors ; Physician Assistants ; Psychometrics ; Reproducibility of Results ; Surveys and Questionnaires</subject><ispartof>Research in social and administrative pharmacy, 2023-01, Vol.19 (1), p.69-74</ispartof><rights>2022</rights><rights>Copyright © 2022. Published by Elsevier Inc.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c313t-b19de8087470bbadf6180a04dd0a92f111b6175932339df5381d0972becba4ea3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1551741122003059$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,3537,27901,27902,65306</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36153236$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Gillette, Chris</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ip, Edward H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Perry, Courtney J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ferreri, Stefanie P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bell Sisson, Caroline Grey</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bodner, Gayle B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rogers, Samantha D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Manges, Kirstin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jones, Caitlin E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rose, Tiffany H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lindaman, Kristin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ludwig, Nicole</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Crandall, Sonia</creatorcontrib><title>Adaptation and factor structure of three psychometric instruments measuring behavioral aspects of medication prescribing in physician assistants</title><title>Research in social and administrative pharmacy</title><addtitle>Res Social Adm Pharm</addtitle><description>(1) Present the factor structure of two psychometric instruments for self-efficacy and one for outcome expectations of medication prescribing; (2) evaluate the reliability of the scales, and (3) present preliminary evidence of validity.
Physician assistants (PA) and PA students completed a survey evaluating three psychometric instruments: (1) Self-Efficacy in Prescribing (SEP), (2) Self-Efficacy in Prescribing-Geriatric (SEPG), and (3) Outcomes Expectations of Prescribing Errors (OEP). Students also evaluated 3 hypothetical prescriptions, two of which contained a prescribing error. Students were instructed to identify (1) if an error occurred and (2) what type of error. The data were analyzed using parallel analysis with a varimax rotation, Cronbach's α, Pearson and Spearman correlations.
One hundred eighty five (n = 185) respondents completed the survey (response rate = 63.8%). The parallel analysis found that the SEP had one 7-item factor with α = 0.94 (M = 5.7 (SD = 1.9) out of 10). The SEPG also had one 7-item factor with α = 0.95 (M = 5.5 (1.9). The OEP had one 6-item factor with α = 0.89 (M = 3.5 (SD = 0.8) out of 5). The SEP and SEPG, were correlated to the OEP each other (both p < 0.01). Actively practicing PAs had the highest composite mean SEP and SEPG scores. First-year PA students had the highest mean scores for the OEP. There was a weak association between the mean SEPG score and the number of correctly identified prescriptions (rs = 0.18, p = 0.04).
The SEP, SEPG, and OEP show preliminary evidence of reliability and structural, construct, and known-group validities using simulated prescriptions. These tools may be able to be used by educators and implementation scientists as one method to show the effectiveness of future interventions to reduce incidence of prescribing errors.</description><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Drug Prescriptions</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Medication errors</subject><subject>Physician Assistants</subject><subject>Psychometrics</subject><subject>Reproducibility of Results</subject><subject>Surveys and Questionnaires</subject><issn>1551-7411</issn><issn>1934-8150</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkc1u1TAQhSMEoj_wCCAv2SR44vyuUFW1pVIlNmVtTewJ8dVNHDxOpfsWfWR8dS9sWdmWvzNHc06WfQJZgITm665gXCcMc1HKsixkX0jZvMkuoVdV3kEt36Z7XUPeVgAX2RXzTkrVSqjeZxeqgVqVqrnMXm8srhGj84vAxYoRTfRBcAybiVsg4UcRp0AkVj6Yyc8UgzPCLUdipiWymAl5C275JQaa8MX5gHuBvJJJn0k-k3Xm5LAGYhPccIRdek4HdsZhsmZ2HDGN-5C9G3HP9PF8Xmc_7--eb7_nTz8eHm9vnnKjQMV8gN5SJ7u2auUwoB0b6CTKylqJfTkCwNBAW_dpS9XbsVYdWNm35UBmwIpQXWdfTnPX4H9vxFHPjg3t97iQ31iXLbRN33RKJbQ-oSZ45kCjXoObMRw0SH0sQ-_0uQx9LEPLXqcyku7z2WIbUgj_VH_TT8C3E0Bp0RdHQbNxtJgUWEjpaevdfyz-AMx-om8</recordid><startdate>202301</startdate><enddate>202301</enddate><creator>Gillette, Chris</creator><creator>Ip, Edward H.</creator><creator>Perry, Courtney J.</creator><creator>Ferreri, Stefanie P.</creator><creator>Bell Sisson, Caroline Grey</creator><creator>Bodner, Gayle B.</creator><creator>Rogers, Samantha D.</creator><creator>Manges, Kirstin</creator><creator>Jones, Caitlin E.</creator><creator>Rose, Tiffany H.</creator><creator>Lindaman, Kristin</creator><creator>Ludwig, Nicole</creator><creator>Crandall, Sonia</creator><general>Elsevier Inc</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>202301</creationdate><title>Adaptation and factor structure of three psychometric instruments measuring behavioral aspects of medication prescribing in physician assistants</title><author>Gillette, Chris ; Ip, Edward H. ; Perry, Courtney J. ; Ferreri, Stefanie P. ; Bell Sisson, Caroline Grey ; Bodner, Gayle B. ; Rogers, Samantha D. ; Manges, Kirstin ; Jones, Caitlin E. ; Rose, Tiffany H. ; Lindaman, Kristin ; Ludwig, Nicole ; Crandall, Sonia</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c313t-b19de8087470bbadf6180a04dd0a92f111b6175932339df5381d0972becba4ea3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Drug Prescriptions</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Medication errors</topic><topic>Physician Assistants</topic><topic>Psychometrics</topic><topic>Reproducibility of Results</topic><topic>Surveys and Questionnaires</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Gillette, Chris</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ip, Edward H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Perry, Courtney J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ferreri, Stefanie P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bell Sisson, Caroline Grey</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bodner, Gayle B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rogers, Samantha D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Manges, Kirstin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jones, Caitlin E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rose, Tiffany H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lindaman, Kristin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ludwig, Nicole</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Crandall, Sonia</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Research in social and administrative pharmacy</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Gillette, Chris</au><au>Ip, Edward H.</au><au>Perry, Courtney J.</au><au>Ferreri, Stefanie P.</au><au>Bell Sisson, Caroline Grey</au><au>Bodner, Gayle B.</au><au>Rogers, Samantha D.</au><au>Manges, Kirstin</au><au>Jones, Caitlin E.</au><au>Rose, Tiffany H.</au><au>Lindaman, Kristin</au><au>Ludwig, Nicole</au><au>Crandall, Sonia</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Adaptation and factor structure of three psychometric instruments measuring behavioral aspects of medication prescribing in physician assistants</atitle><jtitle>Research in social and administrative pharmacy</jtitle><addtitle>Res Social Adm Pharm</addtitle><date>2023-01</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>19</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>69</spage><epage>74</epage><pages>69-74</pages><issn>1551-7411</issn><eissn>1934-8150</eissn><abstract>(1) Present the factor structure of two psychometric instruments for self-efficacy and one for outcome expectations of medication prescribing; (2) evaluate the reliability of the scales, and (3) present preliminary evidence of validity.
Physician assistants (PA) and PA students completed a survey evaluating three psychometric instruments: (1) Self-Efficacy in Prescribing (SEP), (2) Self-Efficacy in Prescribing-Geriatric (SEPG), and (3) Outcomes Expectations of Prescribing Errors (OEP). Students also evaluated 3 hypothetical prescriptions, two of which contained a prescribing error. Students were instructed to identify (1) if an error occurred and (2) what type of error. The data were analyzed using parallel analysis with a varimax rotation, Cronbach's α, Pearson and Spearman correlations.
One hundred eighty five (n = 185) respondents completed the survey (response rate = 63.8%). The parallel analysis found that the SEP had one 7-item factor with α = 0.94 (M = 5.7 (SD = 1.9) out of 10). The SEPG also had one 7-item factor with α = 0.95 (M = 5.5 (1.9). The OEP had one 6-item factor with α = 0.89 (M = 3.5 (SD = 0.8) out of 5). The SEP and SEPG, were correlated to the OEP each other (both p < 0.01). Actively practicing PAs had the highest composite mean SEP and SEPG scores. First-year PA students had the highest mean scores for the OEP. There was a weak association between the mean SEPG score and the number of correctly identified prescriptions (rs = 0.18, p = 0.04).
The SEP, SEPG, and OEP show preliminary evidence of reliability and structural, construct, and known-group validities using simulated prescriptions. These tools may be able to be used by educators and implementation scientists as one method to show the effectiveness of future interventions to reduce incidence of prescribing errors.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Elsevier Inc</pub><pmid>36153236</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.sapharm.2022.09.006</doi><tpages>6</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Aged Drug Prescriptions Humans Medication errors Physician Assistants Psychometrics Reproducibility of Results Surveys and Questionnaires |
| title | Adaptation and factor structure of three psychometric instruments measuring behavioral aspects of medication prescribing in physician assistants |
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