Jing-an oral liquid alleviates Tourette syndrome via the NMDAR/MAPK/CREB pathway in vivo and in vitro

Jing-an oral liquid (JA) is a Chinese herbal formula used in the treatment of Tourette syndrome (TS); however, its mechanism is unclear. To investigate the effects of JA on amino acid neurotransmitters and microglia activation in vivo and in vitro. Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into a...

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