Segregation in Yttrium Aluminum Garnet: I, Experimental Determination
Single crystals of yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) that were doped with various cations were annealed in air at different temperatures for varying amounts of time. Dopants were chosen to probe the effect of size, charge, and site occupancy on surface segregation. Of the dopants that were chosen for th...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of the American Ceramic Society 1999-09, Vol.82 (9), p.2423-2430 |
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| container_title | Journal of the American Ceramic Society |
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| creator | Brown, Kelly R. Bonnell, Dawn A. |
| description | Single crystals of yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) that were doped with various cations were annealed in air at different temperatures for varying amounts of time. Dopants were chosen to probe the effect of size, charge, and site occupancy on surface segregation. Of the dopants that were chosen for the study (calcium, silicon, neodymium, chromium, and strontium), calcium was the only one that consistently segregated upon annealing in air. Calcium enrichment to the (111) surface was measured using Auger electron spectroscopy, and the segregation enthalpy was determined to be δHseg≈−32 ± 10 kJ/mol. Enrichment occurred according to variations in valence, as opposed to variations in size; therefore, it is suggested that surface segregation is electrostatically driven. The results indicate that aliovalent substituents could be used for interface property tailoring, whereas isovalent dopants would not be useful. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1999.tb02100.x |
| format | Article |
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Dopants were chosen to probe the effect of size, charge, and site occupancy on surface segregation. Of the dopants that were chosen for the study (calcium, silicon, neodymium, chromium, and strontium), calcium was the only one that consistently segregated upon annealing in air. Calcium enrichment to the (111) surface was measured using Auger electron spectroscopy, and the segregation enthalpy was determined to be δHseg≈−32 ± 10 kJ/mol. Enrichment occurred according to variations in valence, as opposed to variations in size; therefore, it is suggested that surface segregation is electrostatically driven. The results indicate that aliovalent substituents could be used for interface property tailoring, whereas isovalent dopants would not be useful.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0002-7820</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1551-2916</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1999.tb02100.x</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JACTAW</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Westerville, Ohio: American Ceramics Society</publisher><subject>Aluminum ; Annealing ; Calcium ; Chromium ; Condensed matter: structure, mechanical and thermal properties ; Defects and impurities in crystals; microstructure ; Dopants ; Doping and impurity implantation in other materials ; Enrichment ; Exact sciences and technology ; Impurities: concentration, distribution, and gradients ; Impurity concentration, distribution, and gradients ; Physics ; Segregations ; Structure of solids and liquids; crystallography ; Yttrium</subject><ispartof>Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 1999-09, Vol.82 (9), p.2423-2430</ispartof><rights>1999 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright American Ceramic Society Sep 1999</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4763-de361c8e0cbbfe2094960e422cbbf699c34b480969bebacc973aefb0373307473</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111%2Fj.1151-2916.1999.tb02100.x$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111%2Fj.1151-2916.1999.tb02100.x$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,777,781,1412,27905,27906,45555,45556</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=1938816$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Brown, Kelly R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bonnell, Dawn A.</creatorcontrib><title>Segregation in Yttrium Aluminum Garnet: I, Experimental Determination</title><title>Journal of the American Ceramic Society</title><description>Single crystals of yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) that were doped with various cations were annealed in air at different temperatures for varying amounts of time. Dopants were chosen to probe the effect of size, charge, and site occupancy on surface segregation. Of the dopants that were chosen for the study (calcium, silicon, neodymium, chromium, and strontium), calcium was the only one that consistently segregated upon annealing in air. Calcium enrichment to the (111) surface was measured using Auger electron spectroscopy, and the segregation enthalpy was determined to be δHseg≈−32 ± 10 kJ/mol. Enrichment occurred according to variations in valence, as opposed to variations in size; therefore, it is suggested that surface segregation is electrostatically driven. The results indicate that aliovalent substituents could be used for interface property tailoring, whereas isovalent dopants would not be useful.</description><subject>Aluminum</subject><subject>Annealing</subject><subject>Calcium</subject><subject>Chromium</subject><subject>Condensed matter: structure, mechanical and thermal properties</subject><subject>Defects and impurities in crystals; microstructure</subject><subject>Dopants</subject><subject>Doping and impurity implantation in other materials</subject><subject>Enrichment</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>Impurities: concentration, distribution, and gradients</subject><subject>Impurity concentration, distribution, and gradients</subject><subject>Physics</subject><subject>Segregations</subject><subject>Structure of solids and liquids; crystallography</subject><subject>Yttrium</subject><issn>0002-7820</issn><issn>1551-2916</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1999</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqVkd9rFDEQx4MoeFb_h6WI-OBeJz92k_TJ43peW4oiVcSnkI2zJefe7jXJ4vW_N-sdCj4I5mUyzGe-w8yXkFMKc5rf2SaHipZM03pOtdbz1ACjAPP9IzKj1bH0mMwAgJVSMXhKnsW4ySnVSszI6hbvAt7Z5Ie-8H3xNaXgx22x6Mat7_NnbUOP6by4elOs9jsMfot9sl1xgQlDRn51PidPWttFfHGMJ-Tzu9Wn5WV582F9tVzclE7ImpffkNfUKQTXNC0y0ELXgIKxKa-1dlw0QoGudYONdU5LbrFtgEvOQQrJT8irg-4uDPcjxmS2PjrsOtvjMEbDJGXAOcvg63-CFCgoVUnBM3r6F7oZxtDnNQyjUoOuQGXo_AC5MMQYsDW7fAkbHrKSmZwwGzM5YaZzm8kJc3TC7HPzy-MEG53t2mB75-MfBc2VonXG3h6wH77Dh_8YYK4XyxUTbNqlPEj4mHD_W8KG76aWXFbmy_u1qQRXcPHx2tzyn8ZiqxE</recordid><startdate>199909</startdate><enddate>199909</enddate><creator>Brown, Kelly R.</creator><creator>Bonnell, Dawn A.</creator><general>American Ceramics Society</general><general>Blackwell</general><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QQ</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>7QF</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>L7M</scope></search><sort><creationdate>199909</creationdate><title>Segregation in Yttrium Aluminum Garnet: I, Experimental Determination</title><author>Brown, Kelly R. ; Bonnell, Dawn A.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4763-de361c8e0cbbfe2094960e422cbbf699c34b480969bebacc973aefb0373307473</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1999</creationdate><topic>Aluminum</topic><topic>Annealing</topic><topic>Calcium</topic><topic>Chromium</topic><topic>Condensed matter: structure, mechanical and thermal properties</topic><topic>Defects and impurities in crystals; microstructure</topic><topic>Dopants</topic><topic>Doping and impurity implantation in other materials</topic><topic>Enrichment</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>Impurities: concentration, distribution, and gradients</topic><topic>Impurity concentration, distribution, and gradients</topic><topic>Physics</topic><topic>Segregations</topic><topic>Structure of solids and liquids; crystallography</topic><topic>Yttrium</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Brown, Kelly R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bonnell, Dawn A.</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Ceramic Abstracts</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>Aluminium Industry Abstracts</collection><collection>Aerospace Database</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><jtitle>Journal of the American Ceramic Society</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Brown, Kelly R.</au><au>Bonnell, Dawn A.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Segregation in Yttrium Aluminum Garnet: I, Experimental Determination</atitle><jtitle>Journal of the American Ceramic Society</jtitle><date>1999-09</date><risdate>1999</risdate><volume>82</volume><issue>9</issue><spage>2423</spage><epage>2430</epage><pages>2423-2430</pages><issn>0002-7820</issn><eissn>1551-2916</eissn><coden>JACTAW</coden><abstract>Single crystals of yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) that were doped with various cations were annealed in air at different temperatures for varying amounts of time. Dopants were chosen to probe the effect of size, charge, and site occupancy on surface segregation. Of the dopants that were chosen for the study (calcium, silicon, neodymium, chromium, and strontium), calcium was the only one that consistently segregated upon annealing in air. Calcium enrichment to the (111) surface was measured using Auger electron spectroscopy, and the segregation enthalpy was determined to be δHseg≈−32 ± 10 kJ/mol. Enrichment occurred according to variations in valence, as opposed to variations in size; therefore, it is suggested that surface segregation is electrostatically driven. The results indicate that aliovalent substituents could be used for interface property tailoring, whereas isovalent dopants would not be useful.</abstract><cop>Westerville, Ohio</cop><pub>American Ceramics Society</pub><doi>10.1111/j.1151-2916.1999.tb02100.x</doi><tpages>8</tpages></addata></record> |
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| source | Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete |
| subjects | Aluminum Annealing Calcium Chromium Condensed matter: structure, mechanical and thermal properties Defects and impurities in crystals microstructure Dopants Doping and impurity implantation in other materials Enrichment Exact sciences and technology Impurities: concentration, distribution, and gradients Impurity concentration, distribution, and gradients Physics Segregations Structure of solids and liquids crystallography Yttrium |
| title | Segregation in Yttrium Aluminum Garnet: I, Experimental Determination |
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