Correlation between ground failure and soil conditions in Adapazari, Turkey

Ground failure in Adapazari, Turkey during the 1999 Kocaeli earthquake ( M w=7.4) was severe. In four central downtown districts, where more than 1200 buildings collapsed or were heavily damaged, hundreds of structures tilted and penetrated into the ground due in part to liquefaction and ground soft...

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Veröffentlicht in:Soil dynamics and earthquake engineering (1984) 2002-10, Vol.22 (9), p.1093-1102
Hauptverfasser: Sancio, R.B, Bray, J.D, Stewart, J.P, Youd, T.L, Durgunoǧlu, H.T, Önalp, Akın, Seed, R.B, Christensen, C, Baturay, M.B, Karadayılar, T
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container_end_page 1102
container_issue 9
container_start_page 1093
container_title Soil dynamics and earthquake engineering (1984)
container_volume 22
creator Sancio, R.B
Bray, J.D
Stewart, J.P
Youd, T.L
Durgunoǧlu, H.T
Önalp, Akın
Seed, R.B
Christensen, C
Baturay, M.B
Karadayılar, T
description Ground failure in Adapazari, Turkey during the 1999 Kocaeli earthquake ( M w=7.4) was severe. In four central downtown districts, where more than 1200 buildings collapsed or were heavily damaged, hundreds of structures tilted and penetrated into the ground due in part to liquefaction and ground softening. Based on a multi-institutional subsurface investigation program, soil conditions along four lines in which ground failure was surveyed after the earthquake are classified into four generalized subsurface site categories. This classification is primarily based on the presence or absence of shallow and intermediate depth liquefiable soils. Observations of ground failure are found to correlate well with site categories that are susceptible to liquefaction according to current state-of-the-art methods without strict adherence to the Chinese criteria. Soils that liquefied were found to meet the liquid limit and liquidity index conditions of the Chinese criteria. However, soils that liquefied did not typically meet the clay-size condition for liquefiable soils by the Chinese criteria.
doi_str_mv 10.1016/S0267-7261(02)00135-5
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subjects Building performance
Cone penetration test
Earth sciences
Earth, ocean, space
Earthquake
Earthquakes, seismology
Engineering and environment geology. Geothermics
Engineering geology
Exact sciences and technology
Ground failure
Internal geophysics
Liquefaction
Silt
Standard penetration test
title Correlation between ground failure and soil conditions in Adapazari, Turkey
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