The Good Sleeper Scale‐15 items: a questionnaire for the standardised assessment of good sleepers
Summary Research with ‘good sleepers’ is ubiquitous, yet there are no standardised criteria to identify a ‘good sleeper’. The present study aimed to create and validate a questionnaire for identifying good sleepers for use in research studies known as the Good Sleeper Scale‐15 items (GSS‐15). Data w...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of sleep research 2023-04, Vol.32 (2), p.e13717-n/a |
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| creator | Manners, Jack Appleton, Sarah L. Reynolds, Amy C. Melaku, Yohannes Adama Gill, Tiffany K. Lovato, Nicole Sweetman, Alexander Bickley, Kelsey Adams, Robert Lack, Leon Scott, Hannah |
| description | Summary
Research with ‘good sleepers’ is ubiquitous, yet there are no standardised criteria to identify a ‘good sleeper’. The present study aimed to create and validate a questionnaire for identifying good sleepers for use in research studies known as the Good Sleeper Scale‐15 items (GSS‐15). Data were derived from a population‐based survey of Australian adults (n = 2,044). A total of 23 items were chosen for possible inclusion. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted on ~10% of the survey dataset (n = 191) for factor identification and item reduction. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted on the remaining data (n = 1,853) to test model fit. Receiver operating characteristic curves and correlations were conducted to derive cut‐off scores and test associations with sleep, daytime functioning, health, and quality‐of‐life. The EFA identified six factors: ‘Sleep Difficulties’, ‘Timing’, ‘Duration’, ‘Regularity’, ‘Adequacy’, and ‘Perceived Sleep Problem’. The CFA showed that model fit was high and comparable to other sleep instruments, χ2 (63) = 378.22, p |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/jsr.13717 |
| format | Article |
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Research with ‘good sleepers’ is ubiquitous, yet there are no standardised criteria to identify a ‘good sleeper’. The present study aimed to create and validate a questionnaire for identifying good sleepers for use in research studies known as the Good Sleeper Scale‐15 items (GSS‐15). Data were derived from a population‐based survey of Australian adults (n = 2,044). A total of 23 items were chosen for possible inclusion. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted on ~10% of the survey dataset (n = 191) for factor identification and item reduction. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted on the remaining data (n = 1,853) to test model fit. Receiver operating characteristic curves and correlations were conducted to derive cut‐off scores and test associations with sleep, daytime functioning, health, and quality‐of‐life. The EFA identified six factors: ‘Sleep Difficulties’, ‘Timing’, ‘Duration’, ‘Regularity’, ‘Adequacy’, and ‘Perceived Sleep Problem’. The CFA showed that model fit was high and comparable to other sleep instruments, χ2 (63) = 378.22, p < 0.001, root mean square error of approximation = 0.05, with acceptable internal consistency (α = 0.76). Strong correlations were consistently found between GSS‐15 global scores and outcomes, including ‘a good night′s sleep’ (r = 0.7), ‘feeling un‐refreshed’ (r = −0.59), and ‘experienced sleepiness’ (r = −0.51), p < 0.001. Cut‐off scores were derived to categorise individuals likely to be a good sleeper (GSS‐15 score ≥40) and those very likely to be a good sleeper (GSS‐15 score ≥45). The GSS‐15 is a freely available, robust questionnaire that will assist in identifying good sleepers for the purpose of sleep research. Future work will test relationships with other sleep measures in community and clinical samples.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0962-1105</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1365-2869</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13717</identifier><identifier>PMID: 36065002</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England</publisher><subject>Adult ; Australia - epidemiology ; Good sleeper ; Humans ; Reproducibility of Results ; scale validation ; Sleep ; sleep disorder ; sleep health ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders ; Surveys and Questionnaires</subject><ispartof>Journal of sleep research, 2023-04, Vol.32 (2), p.e13717-n/a</ispartof><rights>2022 European Sleep Research Society.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3257-6d020f2877f54cc1e26aeebdc9d38224ffa4400193704588141725231df96d8b3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3257-6d020f2877f54cc1e26aeebdc9d38224ffa4400193704588141725231df96d8b3</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-2401-2068 ; 0000-0001-8990-6658 ; 0000-0002-0707-8068 ; 0000-0001-7292-9714</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111%2Fjsr.13717$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111%2Fjsr.13717$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>315,782,786,1419,1435,27933,27934,45583,45584,46418,46842</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36065002$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Manners, Jack</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Appleton, Sarah L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Reynolds, Amy C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Melaku, Yohannes Adama</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gill, Tiffany K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lovato, Nicole</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sweetman, Alexander</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bickley, Kelsey</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Adams, Robert</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lack, Leon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Scott, Hannah</creatorcontrib><title>The Good Sleeper Scale‐15 items: a questionnaire for the standardised assessment of good sleepers</title><title>Journal of sleep research</title><addtitle>J Sleep Res</addtitle><description>Summary
Research with ‘good sleepers’ is ubiquitous, yet there are no standardised criteria to identify a ‘good sleeper’. The present study aimed to create and validate a questionnaire for identifying good sleepers for use in research studies known as the Good Sleeper Scale‐15 items (GSS‐15). Data were derived from a population‐based survey of Australian adults (n = 2,044). A total of 23 items were chosen for possible inclusion. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted on ~10% of the survey dataset (n = 191) for factor identification and item reduction. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted on the remaining data (n = 1,853) to test model fit. Receiver operating characteristic curves and correlations were conducted to derive cut‐off scores and test associations with sleep, daytime functioning, health, and quality‐of‐life. The EFA identified six factors: ‘Sleep Difficulties’, ‘Timing’, ‘Duration’, ‘Regularity’, ‘Adequacy’, and ‘Perceived Sleep Problem’. The CFA showed that model fit was high and comparable to other sleep instruments, χ2 (63) = 378.22, p < 0.001, root mean square error of approximation = 0.05, with acceptable internal consistency (α = 0.76). Strong correlations were consistently found between GSS‐15 global scores and outcomes, including ‘a good night′s sleep’ (r = 0.7), ‘feeling un‐refreshed’ (r = −0.59), and ‘experienced sleepiness’ (r = −0.51), p < 0.001. Cut‐off scores were derived to categorise individuals likely to be a good sleeper (GSS‐15 score ≥40) and those very likely to be a good sleeper (GSS‐15 score ≥45). The GSS‐15 is a freely available, robust questionnaire that will assist in identifying good sleepers for the purpose of sleep research. Future work will test relationships with other sleep measures in community and clinical samples.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Australia - epidemiology</subject><subject>Good sleeper</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Reproducibility of Results</subject><subject>scale validation</subject><subject>Sleep</subject><subject>sleep disorder</subject><subject>sleep health</subject><subject>Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders</subject><subject>Surveys and Questionnaires</subject><issn>0962-1105</issn><issn>1365-2869</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kEtOwzAQQC0EoqWw4ALIS1ik9SeOE3aoggKqhETLOnLjMaTKp3hSoe44AmfkJKRNYYc3s3nzNH6EnHM25O0bLdEPudRcH5A-l5EKRBwlh6TPkkgEnDPVIyeIS8a4VjI5Jj0ZsUgxJvokm78BndS1pbMCYAWezjJTwPfnF1c0b6DEa2ro-xqwyeuqMrkH6mpPm3YNG1NZ422OYKlBBMQSqobWjr5ujdgZ8ZQcOVMgnO3ngLzc3c7H98H0afIwvpkGmRRKB5FlgjkRa-1UmGUcRGQAFjZLrIyFCJ0zYdj-IZGahSqOeci1UEJy65LIxgs5IJedd-Xr3cVpmWMGRWEqqNeYCs1Z0lYKdYtedWjma0QPLl35vDR-k3KWbpumbdN017RlL_ba9aIE-0f-RmyBUQd85AVs_jelj7PnTvkDM6uArA</recordid><startdate>202304</startdate><enddate>202304</enddate><creator>Manners, Jack</creator><creator>Appleton, Sarah L.</creator><creator>Reynolds, Amy C.</creator><creator>Melaku, Yohannes Adama</creator><creator>Gill, Tiffany K.</creator><creator>Lovato, Nicole</creator><creator>Sweetman, Alexander</creator><creator>Bickley, Kelsey</creator><creator>Adams, Robert</creator><creator>Lack, Leon</creator><creator>Scott, Hannah</creator><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2401-2068</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8990-6658</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0707-8068</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7292-9714</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>202304</creationdate><title>The Good Sleeper Scale‐15 items: a questionnaire for the standardised assessment of good sleepers</title><author>Manners, Jack ; Appleton, Sarah L. ; Reynolds, Amy C. ; Melaku, Yohannes Adama ; Gill, Tiffany K. ; Lovato, Nicole ; Sweetman, Alexander ; Bickley, Kelsey ; Adams, Robert ; Lack, Leon ; Scott, Hannah</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c3257-6d020f2877f54cc1e26aeebdc9d38224ffa4400193704588141725231df96d8b3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Australia - epidemiology</topic><topic>Good sleeper</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Reproducibility of Results</topic><topic>scale validation</topic><topic>Sleep</topic><topic>sleep disorder</topic><topic>sleep health</topic><topic>Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders</topic><topic>Surveys and Questionnaires</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Manners, Jack</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Appleton, Sarah L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Reynolds, Amy C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Melaku, Yohannes Adama</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gill, Tiffany K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lovato, Nicole</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sweetman, Alexander</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bickley, Kelsey</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Adams, Robert</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lack, Leon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Scott, Hannah</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Journal of sleep research</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Manners, Jack</au><au>Appleton, Sarah L.</au><au>Reynolds, Amy C.</au><au>Melaku, Yohannes Adama</au><au>Gill, Tiffany K.</au><au>Lovato, Nicole</au><au>Sweetman, Alexander</au><au>Bickley, Kelsey</au><au>Adams, Robert</au><au>Lack, Leon</au><au>Scott, Hannah</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The Good Sleeper Scale‐15 items: a questionnaire for the standardised assessment of good sleepers</atitle><jtitle>Journal of sleep research</jtitle><addtitle>J Sleep Res</addtitle><date>2023-04</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>32</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>e13717</spage><epage>n/a</epage><pages>e13717-n/a</pages><issn>0962-1105</issn><eissn>1365-2869</eissn><abstract>Summary
Research with ‘good sleepers’ is ubiquitous, yet there are no standardised criteria to identify a ‘good sleeper’. The present study aimed to create and validate a questionnaire for identifying good sleepers for use in research studies known as the Good Sleeper Scale‐15 items (GSS‐15). Data were derived from a population‐based survey of Australian adults (n = 2,044). A total of 23 items were chosen for possible inclusion. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted on ~10% of the survey dataset (n = 191) for factor identification and item reduction. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted on the remaining data (n = 1,853) to test model fit. Receiver operating characteristic curves and correlations were conducted to derive cut‐off scores and test associations with sleep, daytime functioning, health, and quality‐of‐life. The EFA identified six factors: ‘Sleep Difficulties’, ‘Timing’, ‘Duration’, ‘Regularity’, ‘Adequacy’, and ‘Perceived Sleep Problem’. The CFA showed that model fit was high and comparable to other sleep instruments, χ2 (63) = 378.22, p < 0.001, root mean square error of approximation = 0.05, with acceptable internal consistency (α = 0.76). Strong correlations were consistently found between GSS‐15 global scores and outcomes, including ‘a good night′s sleep’ (r = 0.7), ‘feeling un‐refreshed’ (r = −0.59), and ‘experienced sleepiness’ (r = −0.51), p < 0.001. Cut‐off scores were derived to categorise individuals likely to be a good sleeper (GSS‐15 score ≥40) and those very likely to be a good sleeper (GSS‐15 score ≥45). The GSS‐15 is a freely available, robust questionnaire that will assist in identifying good sleepers for the purpose of sleep research. Future work will test relationships with other sleep measures in community and clinical samples.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pmid>36065002</pmid><doi>10.1111/jsr.13717</doi><tpages>12</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2401-2068</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8990-6658</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0707-8068</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7292-9714</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adult Australia - epidemiology Good sleeper Humans Reproducibility of Results scale validation Sleep sleep disorder sleep health Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders Surveys and Questionnaires |
| title | The Good Sleeper Scale‐15 items: a questionnaire for the standardised assessment of good sleepers |
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