Taurine, an essential β-amino acid insulates against ketamine-induced experimental psychosis by enhancement of cholinergic neurotransmission, inhibition of oxidative/nitrergic imbalances, and suppression of COX-2/iNOS immunoreactions in mice
Cholinergic, oxidative, nitrergic alterations, and neuroinflammation are some key neuropathological features common in schizophrenia disease. They involve complex biological processes that alter normal behavior. The present treatments used in the management of the disorder remain ineffective togethe...
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creator | Ben-Azu, Benneth Adebayo, Olusegun G. Jarikre, Thiophilus Aghogho Oyovwi, Mega O. Edje, Kesiena Emmanuel Omogbiya, Itivere Adrian Eduviere, Anthony T. Moke, Emuesiri Goodies Chijioke, Bienose S. Odili, Onyebuchi S. Omondiabge, Osemudiame P. Oyovbaire, Aghogho Esuku, Daniel T. Ozah, Esther O. Japhet, Kelvin |
description | Cholinergic, oxidative, nitrergic alterations, and neuroinflammation are some key neuropathological features common in schizophrenia disease. They involve complex biological processes that alter normal behavior. The present treatments used in the management of the disorder remain ineffective together with some serious side effects as one of their setbacks. Taurine is a naturally occurring essential β-amino acid reported to elicit antipsychotic property in first episode psychosis in clinical setting, thus require preclinical investigation. Hence, we set out to investigate the effects of taurine in the prevention and reversal of ketamine-induced psychotic-like behaviors and the associated putative neurobiological mechanisms underlying its effects. Adult male Swiss mice were sheared into three separate cohorts of experiments (
n
= 7): drug alone, preventive and reversal studies. Treatments consisted of saline (10 mL/kg/p.o./day), taurine (50 and 100 mg/kg/p.o./day) and risperidone (0.5 mg/kg/p.o./day) with concomitant ketamine (20 mg/kg/i.p./day) injections between days 8–14, or 14 days entirely. Behavioral hyperactivity, despair, cognitive impairment, and catalepsy were measured. Brain oxidative/nitrergic imbalance, immunoreactivity (COX-2 and iNOS), and cholinergic markers were determined in the striatum, prefrontal-cortex, and hippocampus. Taurine abates ketamine-mediated psychotic-like episodes without cataleptogenic potential. Taurine attenuated ketamine-induced decrease in glutathione, superoxide-dismutase and catalase levels in the striatum, prefrontal-cortex and hippocampus. Also, taurine prevented and reversed ketamine-mediated elevation of malondialdehyde, nitrite contents, acetylcholinesterase activity, and suppressed COX-2 and iNOS expressions in a brain-region dependent manner. Conclusively, taurine insulates against ketamine-mediated psychotic phenotype by normalizing brain central cholinergic neurotransmissions, oxidative, nitrergic and suppression of immunoreactive proteins in mice brains. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s11011-022-01075-5 |
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n
= 7): drug alone, preventive and reversal studies. Treatments consisted of saline (10 mL/kg/p.o./day), taurine (50 and 100 mg/kg/p.o./day) and risperidone (0.5 mg/kg/p.o./day) with concomitant ketamine (20 mg/kg/i.p./day) injections between days 8–14, or 14 days entirely. Behavioral hyperactivity, despair, cognitive impairment, and catalepsy were measured. Brain oxidative/nitrergic imbalance, immunoreactivity (COX-2 and iNOS), and cholinergic markers were determined in the striatum, prefrontal-cortex, and hippocampus. Taurine abates ketamine-mediated psychotic-like episodes without cataleptogenic potential. Taurine attenuated ketamine-induced decrease in glutathione, superoxide-dismutase and catalase levels in the striatum, prefrontal-cortex and hippocampus. Also, taurine prevented and reversed ketamine-mediated elevation of malondialdehyde, nitrite contents, acetylcholinesterase activity, and suppressed COX-2 and iNOS expressions in a brain-region dependent manner. Conclusively, taurine insulates against ketamine-mediated psychotic phenotype by normalizing brain central cholinergic neurotransmissions, oxidative, nitrergic and suppression of immunoreactive proteins in mice brains.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0885-7490</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1573-7365</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-01075-5</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York: Springer US</publisher><subject>Acetylcholinesterase ; Amino acids ; Antipsychotics ; Biochemistry ; Biological activity ; Biomedical and Life Sciences ; Biomedicine ; Brain ; Catalase ; Catalepsy ; Cholinergics ; Cognitive ability ; Glutathione ; Hippocampus ; Hyperactivity ; Immunoreactivity ; Inflammation ; Ketamine ; Mental disorders ; Metabolic Diseases ; Neostriatum ; Neurology ; Neurosciences ; Neurotransmission ; Nitric-oxide synthase ; Oncology ; Original Article ; Phenotypes ; Prefrontal cortex ; Psychosis ; Risperidone ; Schizophrenia ; Side effects ; Superoxide dismutase ; Taurine</subject><ispartof>Metabolic brain disease, 2022-12, Vol.37 (8), p.2807-2826</ispartof><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2022. Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c352t-159cbd66e0c8c4645c633db9987c9d7d6ce6bff0bf39aeacc63940c55ad9e0ab3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c352t-159cbd66e0c8c4645c633db9987c9d7d6ce6bff0bf39aeacc63940c55ad9e0ab3</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-3569-3575</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11011-022-01075-5$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11011-022-01075-5$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902,41464,42533,51294</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Ben-Azu, Benneth</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Adebayo, Olusegun G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jarikre, Thiophilus Aghogho</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Oyovwi, Mega O.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Edje, Kesiena Emmanuel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Omogbiya, Itivere Adrian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Eduviere, Anthony T.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Moke, Emuesiri Goodies</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chijioke, Bienose S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Odili, Onyebuchi S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Omondiabge, Osemudiame P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Oyovbaire, Aghogho</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Esuku, Daniel T.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ozah, Esther O.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Japhet, Kelvin</creatorcontrib><title>Taurine, an essential β-amino acid insulates against ketamine-induced experimental psychosis by enhancement of cholinergic neurotransmission, inhibition of oxidative/nitrergic imbalances, and suppression of COX-2/iNOS immunoreactions in mice</title><title>Metabolic brain disease</title><addtitle>Metab Brain Dis</addtitle><description>Cholinergic, oxidative, nitrergic alterations, and neuroinflammation are some key neuropathological features common in schizophrenia disease. They involve complex biological processes that alter normal behavior. The present treatments used in the management of the disorder remain ineffective together with some serious side effects as one of their setbacks. Taurine is a naturally occurring essential β-amino acid reported to elicit antipsychotic property in first episode psychosis in clinical setting, thus require preclinical investigation. Hence, we set out to investigate the effects of taurine in the prevention and reversal of ketamine-induced psychotic-like behaviors and the associated putative neurobiological mechanisms underlying its effects. Adult male Swiss mice were sheared into three separate cohorts of experiments (
n
= 7): drug alone, preventive and reversal studies. Treatments consisted of saline (10 mL/kg/p.o./day), taurine (50 and 100 mg/kg/p.o./day) and risperidone (0.5 mg/kg/p.o./day) with concomitant ketamine (20 mg/kg/i.p./day) injections between days 8–14, or 14 days entirely. Behavioral hyperactivity, despair, cognitive impairment, and catalepsy were measured. Brain oxidative/nitrergic imbalance, immunoreactivity (COX-2 and iNOS), and cholinergic markers were determined in the striatum, prefrontal-cortex, and hippocampus. Taurine abates ketamine-mediated psychotic-like episodes without cataleptogenic potential. Taurine attenuated ketamine-induced decrease in glutathione, superoxide-dismutase and catalase levels in the striatum, prefrontal-cortex and hippocampus. Also, taurine prevented and reversed ketamine-mediated elevation of malondialdehyde, nitrite contents, acetylcholinesterase activity, and suppressed COX-2 and iNOS expressions in a brain-region dependent manner. Conclusively, taurine insulates against ketamine-mediated psychotic phenotype by normalizing brain central cholinergic neurotransmissions, oxidative, nitrergic and suppression of immunoreactive proteins in mice brains.</description><subject>Acetylcholinesterase</subject><subject>Amino acids</subject><subject>Antipsychotics</subject><subject>Biochemistry</subject><subject>Biological activity</subject><subject>Biomedical and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Biomedicine</subject><subject>Brain</subject><subject>Catalase</subject><subject>Catalepsy</subject><subject>Cholinergics</subject><subject>Cognitive ability</subject><subject>Glutathione</subject><subject>Hippocampus</subject><subject>Hyperactivity</subject><subject>Immunoreactivity</subject><subject>Inflammation</subject><subject>Ketamine</subject><subject>Mental disorders</subject><subject>Metabolic Diseases</subject><subject>Neostriatum</subject><subject>Neurology</subject><subject>Neurosciences</subject><subject>Neurotransmission</subject><subject>Nitric-oxide synthase</subject><subject>Oncology</subject><subject>Original Article</subject><subject>Phenotypes</subject><subject>Prefrontal cortex</subject><subject>Psychosis</subject><subject>Risperidone</subject><subject>Schizophrenia</subject><subject>Side effects</subject><subject>Superoxide 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immunoreactions in mice</title><author>Ben-Azu, Benneth ; Adebayo, Olusegun G. ; Jarikre, Thiophilus Aghogho ; Oyovwi, Mega O. ; Edje, Kesiena Emmanuel ; Omogbiya, Itivere Adrian ; Eduviere, Anthony T. ; Moke, Emuesiri Goodies ; Chijioke, Bienose S. ; Odili, Onyebuchi S. ; Omondiabge, Osemudiame P. ; Oyovbaire, Aghogho ; Esuku, Daniel T. ; Ozah, Esther O. ; Japhet, Kelvin</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c352t-159cbd66e0c8c4645c633db9987c9d7d6ce6bff0bf39aeacc63940c55ad9e0ab3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>Acetylcholinesterase</topic><topic>Amino acids</topic><topic>Antipsychotics</topic><topic>Biochemistry</topic><topic>Biological activity</topic><topic>Biomedical and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Biomedicine</topic><topic>Brain</topic><topic>Catalase</topic><topic>Catalepsy</topic><topic>Cholinergics</topic><topic>Cognitive 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Kelvin</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Taurine, an essential β-amino acid insulates against ketamine-induced experimental psychosis by enhancement of cholinergic neurotransmission, inhibition of oxidative/nitrergic imbalances, and suppression of COX-2/iNOS immunoreactions in mice</atitle><jtitle>Metabolic brain disease</jtitle><stitle>Metab Brain Dis</stitle><date>2022-12-01</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>37</volume><issue>8</issue><spage>2807</spage><epage>2826</epage><pages>2807-2826</pages><issn>0885-7490</issn><eissn>1573-7365</eissn><abstract>Cholinergic, oxidative, nitrergic alterations, and neuroinflammation are some key neuropathological features common in schizophrenia disease. They involve complex biological processes that alter normal behavior. The present treatments used in the management of the disorder remain ineffective together with some serious side effects as one of their setbacks. Taurine is a naturally occurring essential β-amino acid reported to elicit antipsychotic property in first episode psychosis in clinical setting, thus require preclinical investigation. Hence, we set out to investigate the effects of taurine in the prevention and reversal of ketamine-induced psychotic-like behaviors and the associated putative neurobiological mechanisms underlying its effects. Adult male Swiss mice were sheared into three separate cohorts of experiments (
n
= 7): drug alone, preventive and reversal studies. Treatments consisted of saline (10 mL/kg/p.o./day), taurine (50 and 100 mg/kg/p.o./day) and risperidone (0.5 mg/kg/p.o./day) with concomitant ketamine (20 mg/kg/i.p./day) injections between days 8–14, or 14 days entirely. Behavioral hyperactivity, despair, cognitive impairment, and catalepsy were measured. Brain oxidative/nitrergic imbalance, immunoreactivity (COX-2 and iNOS), and cholinergic markers were determined in the striatum, prefrontal-cortex, and hippocampus. Taurine abates ketamine-mediated psychotic-like episodes without cataleptogenic potential. Taurine attenuated ketamine-induced decrease in glutathione, superoxide-dismutase and catalase levels in the striatum, prefrontal-cortex and hippocampus. Also, taurine prevented and reversed ketamine-mediated elevation of malondialdehyde, nitrite contents, acetylcholinesterase activity, and suppressed COX-2 and iNOS expressions in a brain-region dependent manner. Conclusively, taurine insulates against ketamine-mediated psychotic phenotype by normalizing brain central cholinergic neurotransmissions, oxidative, nitrergic and suppression of immunoreactive proteins in mice brains.</abstract><cop>New York</cop><pub>Springer US</pub><doi>10.1007/s11011-022-01075-5</doi><tpages>20</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3569-3575</orcidid></addata></record> |
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subjects | Acetylcholinesterase Amino acids Antipsychotics Biochemistry Biological activity Biomedical and Life Sciences Biomedicine Brain Catalase Catalepsy Cholinergics Cognitive ability Glutathione Hippocampus Hyperactivity Immunoreactivity Inflammation Ketamine Mental disorders Metabolic Diseases Neostriatum Neurology Neurosciences Neurotransmission Nitric-oxide synthase Oncology Original Article Phenotypes Prefrontal cortex Psychosis Risperidone Schizophrenia Side effects Superoxide dismutase Taurine |
title | Taurine, an essential β-amino acid insulates against ketamine-induced experimental psychosis by enhancement of cholinergic neurotransmission, inhibition of oxidative/nitrergic imbalances, and suppression of COX-2/iNOS immunoreactions in mice |
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