Ginsenoside Rg3 modulates spatial memory and fear memory extinction by the HPA axis and BDNF-TrkB pathway in a rat post-traumatic stress disorder
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a serious mental disorder that can develop after exposure to extreme stress. Korean red ginseng, whose major active component is ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3), is a widely used traditional antioxidant that has anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and anxiolytics effects...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of natural medicines 2022-09, Vol.76 (4), p.821-831 |
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| description | Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a serious mental disorder that can develop after exposure to extreme stress. Korean red ginseng, whose major active component is ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3), is a widely used traditional antioxidant that has anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and anxiolytics effects. This study investigated whether the administration of Rg3 ameliorated the memory deficit induced by a single prolonged stress (SPS) in rats. Male rats were dosed with Rg3 (25 or 50 mg/kg) once daily for 14 days after exposure to SPS. Rg3 administration improved fear memory and spatial memory might be involved in modulating the dysregulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis and monoamine imbalance in the medial prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. It also increased the reduction in the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB) mRNAs expression, and the ratio of p-Akt/Akt in the hippocampus. Thus, Rg3 exerted memory-improving actions might be involved in regulating HPA axis and activating BDNF-TrkB pathway. Our findings suggest that Rg3 could be useful for preventing traumatic stress, such as PTSD. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s11418-022-01636-z |
| format | Article |
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Korean red ginseng, whose major active component is ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3), is a widely used traditional antioxidant that has anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and anxiolytics effects. This study investigated whether the administration of Rg3 ameliorated the memory deficit induced by a single prolonged stress (SPS) in rats. Male rats were dosed with Rg3 (25 or 50 mg/kg) once daily for 14 days after exposure to SPS. Rg3 administration improved fear memory and spatial memory might be involved in modulating the dysregulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis and monoamine imbalance in the medial prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. It also increased the reduction in the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB) mRNAs expression, and the ratio of p-Akt/Akt in the hippocampus. Thus, Rg3 exerted memory-improving actions might be involved in regulating HPA axis and activating BDNF-TrkB pathway. Our findings suggest that Rg3 could be useful for preventing traumatic stress, such as PTSD.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1340-3443</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1861-0293</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s11418-022-01636-z</identifier><identifier>PMID: 35982366</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore</publisher><subject>AKT protein ; Animals ; Anxiolytics ; Apoptosis ; Biological products ; Biomedical and Life Sciences ; Biomedicine ; Brain-derived neurotrophic factor ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor - metabolism ; Complementary & Alternative Medicine ; Disease Models, Animal ; Fear ; Ginsenosides ; Hippocampus ; Humans ; Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis ; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System - metabolism ; Hypothalamus ; Inflammation ; Male ; Medicinal Chemistry ; Original Paper ; Pharmacology/Toxicology ; Pharmacy ; Pituitary ; Pituitary-Adrenal System - metabolism ; Plant Sciences ; Post traumatic stress disorder ; Prefrontal cortex ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt - metabolism ; Rats ; Spatial Memory ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic - drug therapy ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic - metabolism ; TrkB receptors ; Tropomyosin</subject><ispartof>Journal of natural medicines, 2022-09, Vol.76 (4), p.821-831</ispartof><rights>The Author(s) under exclusive licence to The Japanese Society of Pharmacognosy 2022</rights><rights>2022. The Author(s) under exclusive licence to The Japanese Society of Pharmacognosy.</rights><rights>The Author(s) under exclusive licence to The Japanese Society of Pharmacognosy 2022.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c389t-d6e7fb40ee4664286a7d168f4481d1031fd77d6e1e5ab6ee0abd16592069e0573</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c389t-d6e7fb40ee4664286a7d168f4481d1031fd77d6e1e5ab6ee0abd16592069e0573</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11418-022-01636-z$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11418-022-01636-z$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>315,781,785,27929,27930,41493,42562,51324</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35982366$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Sur, Bongjun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Bombi</creatorcontrib><title>Ginsenoside Rg3 modulates spatial memory and fear memory extinction by the HPA axis and BDNF-TrkB pathway in a rat post-traumatic stress disorder</title><title>Journal of natural medicines</title><addtitle>J Nat Med</addtitle><addtitle>J Nat Med</addtitle><description>Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a serious mental disorder that can develop after exposure to extreme stress. Korean red ginseng, whose major active component is ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3), is a widely used traditional antioxidant that has anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and anxiolytics effects. This study investigated whether the administration of Rg3 ameliorated the memory deficit induced by a single prolonged stress (SPS) in rats. Male rats were dosed with Rg3 (25 or 50 mg/kg) once daily for 14 days after exposure to SPS. Rg3 administration improved fear memory and spatial memory might be involved in modulating the dysregulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis and monoamine imbalance in the medial prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. It also increased the reduction in the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB) mRNAs expression, and the ratio of p-Akt/Akt in the hippocampus. Thus, Rg3 exerted memory-improving actions might be involved in regulating HPA axis and activating BDNF-TrkB pathway. Our findings suggest that Rg3 could be useful for preventing traumatic stress, such as PTSD.</description><subject>AKT protein</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Anxiolytics</subject><subject>Apoptosis</subject><subject>Biological products</subject><subject>Biomedical and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Biomedicine</subject><subject>Brain-derived neurotrophic factor</subject><subject>Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor - metabolism</subject><subject>Complementary & Alternative Medicine</subject><subject>Disease Models, Animal</subject><subject>Fear</subject><subject>Ginsenosides</subject><subject>Hippocampus</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis</subject><subject>Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System - metabolism</subject><subject>Hypothalamus</subject><subject>Inflammation</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medicinal Chemistry</subject><subject>Original Paper</subject><subject>Pharmacology/Toxicology</subject><subject>Pharmacy</subject><subject>Pituitary</subject><subject>Pituitary-Adrenal System - metabolism</subject><subject>Plant Sciences</subject><subject>Post traumatic stress disorder</subject><subject>Prefrontal cortex</subject><subject>Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt - metabolism</subject><subject>Rats</subject><subject>Spatial Memory</subject><subject>Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic - drug therapy</subject><subject>Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic - metabolism</subject><subject>TrkB receptors</subject><subject>Tropomyosin</subject><issn>1340-3443</issn><issn>1861-0293</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kctu1TAQhi0Eohd4ARbIEhs2oXbs2MmyLfQiVRShsraceNK6JPbB44ievkXfGLenBYlFV7ZnvvnH0kfIO84-ccb0HnIueVuxuq4YV0JVty_INm8VL6VOvCx3IVklpBRbZAfxmjFZC8Ffky3RdG0tlNomd8c-IISI3gH9finoHN0y2QxIcWWztxOdYY5pTW1wdASbnt5wk30Yso-B9muar4CefNun9sbjA3rw-etRdZF-HtASc_XbrqkP1NJkM11FzFVOdpnLgoFiToBInceYHKQ35NVoJ4S3j-cu-XH05eLwpDo7Pz493D-rBtF2uXIK9NhLBiCVknWrrHZctaOULXecCT46rQvEobG9AmC2L_2mq5nqgDVa7JKPm9xVir8WwGxmjwNMkw0QFzS1ZrLVXHa8oB_-Q6_jkkL53T2ldFNAWah6Qw0pIiYYzSr52aa14czcCzMbYaYIMw_CzG0Zev8YvfQzuL8jT4YKIDYAlla4hPRv9zOxfwDWN6Hy</recordid><startdate>20220901</startdate><enddate>20220901</enddate><creator>Sur, Bongjun</creator><creator>Lee, Bombi</creator><general>Springer Nature Singapore</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20220901</creationdate><title>Ginsenoside Rg3 modulates spatial memory and fear memory extinction by the HPA axis and BDNF-TrkB pathway in a rat post-traumatic stress disorder</title><author>Sur, Bongjun ; Lee, Bombi</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c389t-d6e7fb40ee4664286a7d168f4481d1031fd77d6e1e5ab6ee0abd16592069e0573</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>AKT protein</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Anxiolytics</topic><topic>Apoptosis</topic><topic>Biological products</topic><topic>Biomedical and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Biomedicine</topic><topic>Brain-derived neurotrophic factor</topic><topic>Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor - metabolism</topic><topic>Complementary & Alternative Medicine</topic><topic>Disease Models, Animal</topic><topic>Fear</topic><topic>Ginsenosides</topic><topic>Hippocampus</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis</topic><topic>Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System - metabolism</topic><topic>Hypothalamus</topic><topic>Inflammation</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medicinal Chemistry</topic><topic>Original Paper</topic><topic>Pharmacology/Toxicology</topic><topic>Pharmacy</topic><topic>Pituitary</topic><topic>Pituitary-Adrenal System - metabolism</topic><topic>Plant Sciences</topic><topic>Post traumatic stress disorder</topic><topic>Prefrontal cortex</topic><topic>Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt - metabolism</topic><topic>Rats</topic><topic>Spatial Memory</topic><topic>Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic - drug therapy</topic><topic>Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic - metabolism</topic><topic>TrkB receptors</topic><topic>Tropomyosin</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Sur, Bongjun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Bombi</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Journal of natural medicines</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Sur, Bongjun</au><au>Lee, Bombi</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Ginsenoside Rg3 modulates spatial memory and fear memory extinction by the HPA axis and BDNF-TrkB pathway in a rat post-traumatic stress disorder</atitle><jtitle>Journal of natural medicines</jtitle><stitle>J Nat Med</stitle><addtitle>J Nat Med</addtitle><date>2022-09-01</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>76</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>821</spage><epage>831</epage><pages>821-831</pages><issn>1340-3443</issn><eissn>1861-0293</eissn><abstract>Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a serious mental disorder that can develop after exposure to extreme stress. Korean red ginseng, whose major active component is ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3), is a widely used traditional antioxidant that has anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and anxiolytics effects. This study investigated whether the administration of Rg3 ameliorated the memory deficit induced by a single prolonged stress (SPS) in rats. Male rats were dosed with Rg3 (25 or 50 mg/kg) once daily for 14 days after exposure to SPS. Rg3 administration improved fear memory and spatial memory might be involved in modulating the dysregulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis and monoamine imbalance in the medial prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. It also increased the reduction in the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB) mRNAs expression, and the ratio of p-Akt/Akt in the hippocampus. Thus, Rg3 exerted memory-improving actions might be involved in regulating HPA axis and activating BDNF-TrkB pathway. 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| subjects | AKT protein Animals Anxiolytics Apoptosis Biological products Biomedical and Life Sciences Biomedicine Brain-derived neurotrophic factor Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor - metabolism Complementary & Alternative Medicine Disease Models, Animal Fear Ginsenosides Hippocampus Humans Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System - metabolism Hypothalamus Inflammation Male Medicinal Chemistry Original Paper Pharmacology/Toxicology Pharmacy Pituitary Pituitary-Adrenal System - metabolism Plant Sciences Post traumatic stress disorder Prefrontal cortex Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt - metabolism Rats Spatial Memory Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic - drug therapy Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic - metabolism TrkB receptors Tropomyosin |
| title | Ginsenoside Rg3 modulates spatial memory and fear memory extinction by the HPA axis and BDNF-TrkB pathway in a rat post-traumatic stress disorder |
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